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Peter Horak

Publications and source records attributed to Peter Horak.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Tiling $R^{5}$ by Crosses

An $n$-dimensional cross comprises $2n+1$ unit cubes: the center cube and reflections in all its faces. It is well known that there is a tiling of $R^{n}$ by crosses for all $n.$ AlBdaiwi and the first author proved that if $2n+1$ is not a prime then there are $2^{\aleph_{0}}$ \ non-congruent regular (= face-to-face) tilings of $R^{n}$ by crosses, while there is a unique tiling of $R^{n}$ by crosses for $n=2,3$. They conjectured that this is always the case if $2n+1$ is a prime. To support the conjecture we prove in this paper that also for $R^{5}$ there is a unique regular, and no non-regular, tiling by crosses. So there is a unique tiling of $R^{3}$ by crosses, there are $2^{\aleph_{0}}$ tilings of $R^{4},$ but for $R^{5}$ there is again only one tiling by crosses. We guess that this result goes against our intuition that suggests "the higher the dimension of the \ space, the more freedom we get".

cs.IT↗

A New Approach Towards the Golomb-Welch Conjecture

The Golomb-Welch conjecture deals with the existence of perfect $e$% -error correcting Lee codes of word length $n,$ $PL(n,e)$ codes. Although there are many papers on the topic, the conjecture is still far from being solved. In this paper we initiate the study of an invariant connected to abelian groups that enables us to reformulate the conjecture, and then to prove the non-existence of linear PL(n,2) codes for $n\leq 12$. Using this new approach we also construct the first quasi-perfect Lee codes for dimension $n=3,$ and show that, for fixed $n$, there are only finitely many such codes over $Z^n$.

cs.IT↗

Speeding up Deciphering by Hypergraph Ordering

The "Gluing Algorithm" of Semaev [Des.\ Codes Cryptogr.\ 49 (2008), 47--60] --- that finds all solutions of a sparse system of linear equations over the Galois field $GF(q)$ --- has average running time $O(mq^{\max \left\vert \cup_{1}^{k}X_{j}\right\vert -k}), $ where $m$ is the total number of equations, and $\cup_{1}^{k}X_{j}$ is the set of all unknowns actively occurring in the first $k$ equations. Our goal here is to minimize the exponent of $q$ in the case where every equation contains at most three unknowns. %Applying hypergraph-theoretic methods we prove The main result states that if the total number $\left\vert \cup_{1}^{m}X_{j}\right\vert$ of unknowns is equal to $m$, then the best achievable exponent is between $c_1m$ and $c_2m$ for some positive constants $c_1$ and $c_2.$

cs.CR↗

A Generalization of Lee Codes

Motivated by a problem in computer architecture we introduce a notion of the perfect distance-dominating set, PDDS, in a graph. PDDSs constitute a generalization of perfect Lee codes, diameter perfect codes, as well as other codes and dominating sets. In this paper we initiate a systematic study of PDDSs. PDDSs related to the application will be constructed and the non-existence of some PDDSs will be shown. In addition, an extension of the long-standing Golomb-Welch conjecture, in terms of PDDS, will be stated. We note that all constructed PDDSs are lattice-like which is a very important feature from the practical point of view as in this case decoding algorithms tend to be much simpler.

cs.DM↗

Mirror-mediated cooling: a paradigm for particle cooling via the retarded dipole force

Cooling forces result from the retarded dipole interaction between an illuminated particle and its reflection. For a one-dimensional example, we find cooling times of milliseconds and limiting temperatures in the millikelvin range. The force, which may be considered the prototype for cavity-mediated cooling, may be enhanced by plasmon and geometric resonances at the mirror.

quant-ph↗

Diameter Perfect Lee Codes

Lee codes have been intensively studied for more than 40 years. Interest in these codes has been triggered by the Golomb-Welch conjecture on the existence of the perfect error-correcting Lee codes. In this paper we deal with the existence and enumeration of diameter perfect Lee codes. As main results we determine all $q$ for which there exists a linear diameter-4 perfect Lee code of word length $n$ over $Z_{q},$ and prove that for each $n\geq 3$ there are uncountable many diameter-4 perfect Lee codes of word length $n$ over $Z.$ This is in a strict contrast with perfect error-correcting Lee codes of word length $n$ over $Z\,$\ as there is a unique such code for $n=3,$ and its is conjectured that this is always the case when $2n+1$ is a prime. We produce diameter perfect Lee codes by an algebraic construction that is based on a group homomorphism. This will allow us to design an efficient algorithm for their decoding. We hope that this construction will turn out to be useful far beyond the scope of this paper.

cs.IT↗

Cavity cooling of atoms: Within and without a cavity

We compare the efficiencies of two optical cooling schemes, where a single particle is either inside or outside an optical cavity, under experimentally-realisable conditions. We evaluate the cooling forces using the general solution of a transfer matrix method for a moving scatterer inside a general one-dimensional system composed of immobile optical elements. Assuming the same atomic saturation parameter, we find that the two cooling schemes provide cooling forces and equilibrium temperatures of comparable magnitude.

quant-ph↗

Amplified optomechanics in a unidirectional ring cavity

We investigate optomechanical forces on a nearly lossless scatterer, such as an atom pumped far off-resonance or amicromirror, inside an optical ring cavity. Our model introduces two additional features to the cavity: an isolator is used to prevent circulation and resonant enhancement of the pump laser field and thus to avoid saturation of or damage to the scatterer, and an optical amplifier is used to enhance the effective $Q$-factor of the counterpropagating mode and thus to increase the velocity-dependent forces by amplifying the back-scattered light. We calculate friction forces, momentum diffusion, and steady-state temperatures to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed setup.

physics.optics↗

Optomechanical cooling with generalized interferometers

The fields in multiple-pass interferometers, such as the Fabry--Pérot cavity, exhibit great sensitivity not only to the presence but also to the motion of any scattering object within the optical path. We consider the general case of an interferometer comprising an arbitrary configuration of generic `beam splitters' and calculate the velocity-dependent radiation field and the light force exerted on a moving scatterer. We find that a simple configuration, in which the scatterer interacts with an optical resonator from which it is spatially separated, can also significantly enhance the optomechanical friction.

physics.optics↗

Optical cooling of atoms in microtraps by time-delayed reflection

We present a theoretical analysis of a novel scheme for optical cooling of particles that does not in principle require a closed optical transition. A tightly confined laser beam interacting with a trapped particle experiences a phase shift, which upon reflection from a mirror or resonant microstructure produces a time-delayed optical potential for the particle. This leads to a nonconservative force and friction. A quantum model of the system is presented and analyzed in the semiclassical limit.

quant-ph↗

Scattering theory of multilevel atoms interacting with arbitrary radiation fields

We present a generic transfer matrix approach for the description of the interaction of atoms possessing multiple ground state and excited state sublevels with light fields. This model allows us to treat multi-level atoms as classical scatterers in light fields modified by, in principle, arbitrarily complex optical components such as mirrors, resonators, dispersive or dichroic elements, or filters. We verify our formalism for two prototypical sub-Doppler cooling mechanisms and show that it agrees with the standard literature.

quant-ph↗

Atom cooling using the dipole force of a single retroreflected laser beam

We present a mechanism for cooling atoms by a laser beam reflected from a single mirror. The cooling relies on the dipole force and thus in principle applies to arbitrary refractive particles including atoms, molecules, or dielectric spheres. Friction and equilibrium temperatures are derived by an analytic perturbative approach. Finally, semiclassical Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to validate the analytic results.

quant-ph↗

Scattering theory of cooling and heating in opto-mechanical systems

We present a one-dimensional scattering theory which enables us to describe a wealth of effects arising from the coupling of the motional degree of freedom of scatterers to the electromagnetic field. Multiple scattering to all orders is taken into account. The theory is applied to describe the scheme of a Fabry-Perot resonator with one of its mirrors moving. The friction force, as well as the diffusion, acting on the moving mirror is derived. In the limit of a small reflection coefficient, the same model provides for the description of the mechanical effect of light on an atom moving in front of a mirror.

quant-ph↗

Simultaneous optical trapping and detection of atoms by microdisk resonators

We propose a scheme for simultaneously trapping and detecting single atoms near the surface of a substrate using whispering gallery modes of a microdisk resonator. For efficient atom-mode coupling the atom should be placed within approximately 150 nm from the disk. We show that a combination of red and blue detuned modes can form an optical trap at such distances while the back-action of the atom on the field modes can simultaneously be used for atom detection. We investigate these trapping potentials including van-der-Waals and Casimir-Polder forces and discuss corresponding atom detection efficiencies, depending on a variety of system parameters. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of non-destructive detection.

quant-ph↗

Single-atom detection using whispering gallery modes of microdisk resonators

We investigate the possibility of using dielectric microdisk resonators for the optical detection of single atoms trapped and cooled in magnetic microtraps near the surface of a substrate. The bound and evanescent fields of optical whispering gallery modes are calculated and the coupling to straight waveguides is investigated using finite-difference time domain solutions of Maxwell's equations. Results are compared with semi-analytical solutions based on coupled mode theory. We discuss atom detection efficiencies and the feasibility of non-destructive measurements in such a system depending on key parameters such as disk size, disk-waveguide coupling, and scattering losses.

quant-ph↗

The role of squeezing in quantum key distribution based on homodyne detection and post-selection

The role of squeezing in quantum key distribution with continuous variables based on homodyne detection and post-selection is investigated for several specific eavesdropping strategies. It is shown that amplitude squeezing creates strong correlations between the signals of the legitimate receiver and a potential eavesdropper. Post-selection of the received pulses can therefore be used to reduce the eavesdropper's knowledge of the raw key, which increases the secret key rate by orders of magnitude over large distances even for modest amounts of squeezing.

quant-ph↗

Towards single-atom detection on a chip

We investigate the optical detection of single atoms held in a microscopic atom trap close to a surface. Laser light is guided by optical fibers or optical micro-structures via the atom to a photo-detector. Our results suggest that with present-day technology, micro-cavities can be built around the atom with sufficiently high finesse to permit unambiguous detection of a single atom in the trap with 10 $μ$s of integration. We compare resonant and non-resonant detection schemes and we discuss the requirements for detecting an atom without causing it to undergo spontaneous emission.

quant-ph↗

Quantum description of light pulse scattering on a single atom in waveguides

We present a time dependent quantum calculation of the scattering of a few-photon pulse on a single atom. The photon wave packet is assumed to propagate in a transversely strongly confined geometry, which ensures strong atom-light coupling and allows a quasi 1D treatment. The amplitude and phase of the transmitted, reflected and transversely scattered part of the wave packet strongly depend on the pulse length (bandwidth) and energy. For a transverse mode size of the order of $λ^2$, we find nonlinear behavior for a few photons already, or even for a single photon. In a second step we study the collision of two such wave packets at the atomic site and find striking differences between Fock state and coherent state wave packets of the same photon number.

quant-ph↗