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Pierre Berger

Publications and source records attributed to Pierre Berger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Zoology in the Hénon family: twin babies and Milnor's swallows

We study $C^{d,r}$-Hénon-like families $(f_{a\, b})_{a\, b}$ with two parameters $(a,b)\in \mathbb R^2$. We show the existence of an open set of parameters $(a,b)\in \mathcal D$, so that a renormalization chart conjugates an iterate of $f_{a\, b}$ to a perturbation of $(x,y)\mapsto ((x^2+c_1)^2+c_2,0)$. We prove that the map $(a,b)\in \mathcal D\mapsto (c_1,c_2)$ is a $C^d$-diffeomorphism; as first numerically conjectured by Milnor in 1992. Furthermore, we show the existence of an open set of parameters $(a,b)$ so that $f_{a\, b}$ displays exactly two different renormalized Hénon-like maps whose basins union attracts Lebesgue a.e. point with bounded forward orbit. A great freedom in the choice of the renormalized parameters enables us to deduce in particular the existence of a (unperturbed) Hénon map with exactly $2$ attracting cycles (an answer to a Question by Lyubich). The proof is based on a generalization of puzzle pieces for Hénon-like maps, and on a generalization of both the affine-like formalism of Palis-Yoccoz and the cross map of Shilnikov. The distortion bounds enable us to define (for the first time) $C^{r}$ and $C^{d,r}$-renormalizations and multi-renormalizations with bounds on all the derivatives.

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On Herman's Positive Entropy Conjecture

We show that any area-preserving $C^r$-diffeomorphism of a two-dimensional surface displaying an elliptic fixed point can be $C^r$-perturbed to one exhibiting a chaotic island whose metric entropy is positive, for every $1\le r\le \infty$. This proves a conjecture of Herman stating that the identity map of the disk can be $C^\infty$-perturbed to a conservative diffeomorphism with positive metric entropy. This implies also that the Chirikov standard map for large and small parameter values can be $C^\infty$-approximated by a conservative diffeomorphisms displaying a positive metric entropy (a weak version of Sinai's positive metric entropy conjecture). Finally, this sheds light onto a Herman's question on the density of $C^r$-conservative diffeomorphisms displaying a positive metric entropy: we show the existence of a dense set formed by conservative diffeomorphism which either are weakly stable (so, conjecturally, uniformly hyperbolic) or display a chaotic island of positive metric entropy.

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Emergence and non-typicality of the finiteness of the attractors in many topologies

We will introduce the notion of Emergence for a dynamical system, and we will conjecture the local typicality of super-polynomial ones. Then, as part of this program, we will provide sufficient conditions for an open set of Cd-families of Cr-dynamics to contain a Baire generic set formed by families displaying infinitely many sinks at every parameter, for all 1 \le d \le r with d finite (and r possibly infinite) for two different topologies on families. In particular the case d=r=1 is new.

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Lectures on Structural Stability in Dynamics

These lectures present results and problems on the characterization of structurally stable dynamics. We will shed light those which do not seem to depend on the regularity class (holomorphic or differentiable). Furthermore, we will present some links between the problems of structural stability in dynamical systems and in singularity theory.

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Properties of the maximal entropy measure and geometry of Hénon attractors

We consider an abundant class of non-uniformly hyperbolic $C^2$-Hénon like diffeomorphisms called strongly regular and which corresponds to Benedicks-Carleson parameters. We prove the existence of $m>0$ such that for any such diffeomorphism $f$, every invariant probability measure of $f$ has a Lyapunov exponent greater than $m$, answering a question of L. Carleson. Moreover, we show the existence and uniqueness of a measure of maximal entropy, this answers a question of M. Lyubich and Y. Pesin. We also prove that the maximal entropy measure is equi-distributed on the periodic points and is finitarily Bernoulli, which gives an answer to a question of J.P. Thouvenot. Finally, we show that the maximal entropy measure is exponentially mixing and satisfies the central limit Theorem. The proof is based on a new construction of Young tower for which the first return time coincides with the symbolic return time, and whose orbit is conjugated to a strongly positive recurrent Markov shift.

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Generic family with robustly infinitely many sinks

We show, for every $r>d\ge 0$ or $r=d\ge 2$, the existence of a Baire generic set of $C^d$-families of $C^r$-maps $(f_a)_{a\in (-1,1)^k}$ of a manifold $M$ of dimension $\ge 2$, so that for every $a$ small the map $f_a$ has infinitely many sinks. When the dimension of the manifold is greater than $3$, the generic set is formed by families of diffeomorphisms. This result is a counter-example to a conjecture of Pugh and Shub.

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On stability and hyperbolicity for polynomial automorphisms of C^2

Let $(f_λ)_{λ\in Λ}$ be a holomorphic family of polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$. Following previous work of Dujardin and Lyubich, we say that such a family is weakly stable if saddle periodic orbits do not bifurcate. It is an open question whether this property is equivalent to structural stability on the Julia set $J^*$ (that is, the closure of the set of saddle periodic points). In this paper we introduce a notion of regular point for a polynomial automorphism, inspired by Pesin theory, and prove that in a weakly stable family, the set of regular points moves holomorphically. It follows that a weakly stable family is probabilistically structurally stable, in a very strong sense. Another consequence of these techniques is that weak stability preserves uniform hyperbolicity on $J^*$.

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Normal forms and Misiurewicz renormalization for dissipative surface diffeomorphisms

We define a hyperbolic renormalizations suitable for maps of small determinant, with uniform bounds for large periods. The techniques involve an improvement of the celebrated Palis-Takens renormalization and normal forms (fibered linearizations). These techniques are useful to study the dynamics of Hénon like maps and the geometry of their parameter space.

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On the Hausdorff dimension of Newhouse phenomena

We show that at the vicinity of a generic dissipative homoclinic unfolding of a surface diffeomorphism, the Hausdorff dimension of the set of parameters for which the diffeomorphism admits infinitely many periodic sinks is at least 1/2.

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Nested Cantor sets

We give sufficient conditions for two Cantor sets of the line to be nested for a positive set of translation parameters. This problem occurs in diophantine approximations. It also occurs as a toy model of the parameter selection for non-uniformly hyperbolic attractors of the plane. For natural Cantors sets, we show that this condition is optimal.

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Structural stability of the inverse limit of endomorphisms

We prove that every endomorphism which satisfies Axiom A and the strong transversality conditions is $C^1$-inverse limit structurally stable. These conditions were conjectured to be necessary and sufficient. This result is applied to the study of unfolding of some homoclinic tangencies. This also achieves a characterization of $C^1$-inverse limit structurally stable covering maps.

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A geometrical proof of the persistence of normally hyperbolic submanifolds

We present a simple, computation free and geometrical proof of the following classical result: for a diffeomorphism of a manifold, any compact submanifold which is invariant and normally hyperbolic persists under small perturbations of the diffeomorphism. The persistence of a Lipschitz invariant submanifold follows from an application of the Schauder fixed point theorem to a graph transform, while smoothness and uniqueness of the invariant submanifold are obtained through geometrical arguments. Moreover, our proof provides a new result on persistence and regularity of "topologically" normally hyperbolic submanifolds, but without any uniqueness statement.

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Persistent bundles over a two dimensional compact set

The $C^1$-structurally stable diffeomorphims of a compact manifold are those that satisfy Axiom A and the strong transversality condition (AS). We generalize the concept of AS from diffeomorphisms to invariant compact subsets. Among other properties, we show the structural stability of the AS invariant compact sets $K$ of surface diffeomorphisms $f$. Moreover if $\hat f$ is the dynamics of a compact manifold, which fibers over $f$ and such that the bundle is normally hyperbolic over the non-wandering set of $f_{|K}$, then the bundle over $K$ is persistent. This provides non trivial examples of persistent laminations that are not normally hyperbolic.

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On the inverse limit stability of endomorphisms

We present several results suggesting that the concept of $C^1$-inverse limit stability is free of singularity theory. We describe an example of a $C^1$-inverse stable endomorphism which is robustly transitive with persistent critical set. We show that every (weak) axiom A, $C^1$-inverse limit stable endomorphism satisfies a certain strong transversality condition $(T)$. We prove that every attractor-repellor endomorphism satisfying axiom A and Condition $(T)$ is $C^1$-inverse limit stable. The latter is applied to Hénon maps, rational functions of the sphere and others. This leads us to conjecture that $C^1$-inverse stable endomorphisms are those which satisfy axiom A and the strong transversality condition $(T)$.

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Structural stability of attractor-repellor endomorphisms with singularities

We prove a theorem on structural stability of smooth attractor-repellor endomorphisms of compact manifolds, with singularities. By attractor-repellor, we mean that the non-wandering set of the dynamics $f$ is the disjoint union of a repulsive compact subset with a hyperbolic attractor on which $f$ acts bijectively. The statement of this result is both infinitesimal and dynamical. Up to our knowledge, this is the first in this hybrid direction. Our results generalize also a Mather's theorem in singularity theory which states that infinitesimal stability implies structural stability for composed mappings, to the larger category of laminations.

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Persistence of laminations

We present a modern proof of some extensions of the celebrated Hirsch-Pugh-Shub theorem on persistence of normally hyperbolic compact laminations. Our extensions consist of allowing the dynamics to be an endomorphism, of considering the complex analytic case and of allowing the laminations to be non compact. To study the analytic case, we use the formalism of deformations of complex structures. We present various persistent complex laminations which appear in dynamics of several complex variables: Henon maps, fibered holomorphic maps... In order to proof the persistence theorems, we construct a laminar structure on the stable and unstable of the normally hyperbolic laminations.

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