5G Sensing for Human Pose Estimation with PRS-based CSI: An Experimental Demonstration
This paper presents an experimental study of device- free 2D human pose estimation using Channel State Information (CSI) extracted from downlink Fifth Generation (5G) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS). The proposed system employs a Next Generation Node Base (gNB) transmitting PRS to a User Equipment (UE) equipped with two receive antennas to measure the radio channel. The CSI is estimated using a least-squares (LS) method, and processed through amplitude smoothing and phase calibration. The resulting amplitude and phase representations are used as inputs to a deep learning model for pose estimation. We compare amplitude-only input with joint amplitude-phase training at a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The joint training outperforms the amplitude-only solution and achieves Percentage of Correct Keypoints (PCK) equal to 32.2%, 72.9%, and 84.2% below 10%, 30%, and 50% of the distance between left shoulder and right hip, respectively. These results demonstrate that standardized downlink 5G PRS-based CSI contains useful information for human pose estimation, even with a simple radio configuration and a relatively small dataset.