arXiv subjects

Predrag Spasojevic

Publications and source records attributed to Predrag Spasojevic.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2010

Effects of the Generation Size and Overlap on Throughput and Complexity in Randomized Linear Network Coding

To reduce computational complexity and delay in randomized network coded content distribution, and for some other practical reasons, coding is not performed simultaneously over all content blocks, but over much smaller, possibly overlapping subsets of these blocks, known as generations. A penalty of this strategy is throughput reduction. To analyze the throughput loss, we model coding over generations with random generation scheduling as a coupon collector's brotherhood problem. This model enables us to derive the expected number of coded packets needed for successful decoding of the entire content as well as the probability of decoding failure (the latter only when generations do not overlap) and further, to quantify the tradeoff between computational complexity and throughput. Interestingly, with a moderate increase in the generation size, throughput quickly approaches link capacity. Overlaps between generations can further improve throughput substantially for relatively small generation sizes.

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arXiv2010

Collecting Coded Coupons over Generations

To reduce computational complexity and delay in randomized network coded content distribution (and for some other practical reasons), coding is not performed simultaneously over all content blocks but over much smaller subsets known as generations. A penalty is throughput reduction. We model coding over generations as the coupon collector's brotherhood problem. This model enables us to theoretically compute the expected number of coded packets needed for successful decoding of the entire content, as well as a bound on the probability of decoding failure, and further, to quantify the tradeoff between computational complexity and throughput. Interestingly, with a moderate increase in the generation size, throughput quickly approaches link capacity. As an additional contribution, we derive new results for the generalized collector's brotherhood problem which can also be used for further study of many other aspects of coding over generations.

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arXiv2010

Collecting Coded Coupons over Overlapping Generations

Coding over subsets (known as generations) rather than over all content blocks in P2P distribution networks and other applications is necessary for a number of practical reasons such as computational complexity. A penalty for coding only within generations is an overall throughput reduction. It has been previously shown that allowing contiguous generations to overlap in a head-to-toe manner improves the throughput. We here propose and study a scheme, referred to as the {\it random annex code}, that creates shared packets between any two generations at random rather than only the neighboring ones. By optimizing very few design parameters, we obtain a simple scheme that outperforms both the non-overlapping and the head-to-toe overlapping schemes of comparable computational complexity, both in the expected throughput and in the rate of convergence of the probability of decoding failure to zero. We provide a practical algorithm for accurate analysis of the expected throughput of the random annex code for finite-length information. This algorithm enables us to quantify the throughput vs.computational complexity tradeoff, which is necessary for optimal selection of the scheme parameters.

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arXiv2010

Decoding Complexity of Irregular LDGM-LDPC Codes Over the BISOM Channels

An irregular LDGM-LDPC code is studied as a sub-code of an LDPC code with some randomly \emph{punctured} output-bits. It is shown that the LDGM-LDPC codes achieve rates arbitrarily close to the channel-capacity of the binary-input symmetric-output memoryless (BISOM) channel with bounded \emph{complexity}. The measure of complexity is the average-degree (per information-bit) of the check-nodes for the factor-graph of the code. A lower-bound on the average degree of the check-nodes of the irregular LDGM-LDPC codes is obtained. The bound does not depend on the decoder used at the receiver. The stability condition for decoding the irregular LDGM-LDPC codes over the binary-erasure channel (BEC) under iterative-decoding with message-passing is described.

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arXiv2010

Doped Fountain Coding for Minimum Delay Data Collection in Circular Networks

This paper studies decentralized, Fountain and network-coding based strategies for facilitating data collection in circular wireless sensor networks, which rely on the stochastic diversity of data storage. The goal is to allow for a reduced delay collection by a data collector who accesses the network at a random position and random time. Data dissemination is performed by a set of relays which form a circular route to exchange source packets. The storage nodes within the transmission range of the route's relays linearly combine and store overheard relay transmissions using random decentralized strategies. An intelligent data collector first collects a minimum set of coded packets from a subset of storage nodes in its proximity, which might be sufficient for recovering the original packets and, by using a message-passing decoder, attempts recovering all original source packets from this set. Whenever the decoder stalls, the source packet which restarts decoding is polled/doped from its original source node. The random-walk-based analysis of the decoding/doping process furnishes the collection delay analysis with a prediction on the number of required doped packets. The number of doped packets can be surprisingly small when employed with an Ideal Soliton code degree distribution and, hence, the doping strategy may have the least collection delay when the density of source nodes is sufficiently large. Furthermore, we demonstrate that network coding makes dissemination more efficient at the expense of a larger collection delay. Not surprisingly, a circular network allows for a significantly more (analytically and otherwise) tractable strategies relative to a network whose model is a random geometric graph.

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arXiv2008

The Gaussian Wiretap Channel with a Helping Interferer

Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, wireless communication is susceptible to adversarial eavesdropping. This paper describes how eavesdropping can potentially be defeated by exploiting the superposition nature of the wireless medium. A Gaussian wire-tap channel with a helping interferer (WTC-HI) is considered in which a transmitter sends confidential messages to its intended receiver in the presence of a passive eavesdropper and with the help of an interferer. The interferer, which does not know the confidential message assists the confidential message transmission by sending a signal that is independent of the transmitted message. An achievable secrecy rate and a Sato-type upper bound on the secrecy capacity are given for the Gaussian WTC-HI. Through numerical analysis, it is found that the upper bound is close to the achievable secrecy rate when the interference is weak for symmetric interference channels, and under more general conditions for asymmetric Gaussian interference channels.

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arXiv2008

Interference-Assisted Secret Communication

Wireless communication is susceptible to adversarial eavesdropping due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. In this paper it is shown how eavesdropping can be alleviated by exploiting the superposition property of the wireless medium. A wiretap channel with a helping interferer (WT-HI), in which a transmitter sends a confidential message to its intended receiver in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, and with the help of an independent interferer, is considered. The interferer, which does not know the confidential message, helps in ensuring the secrecy of the message by sending independent signals. An achievable secrecy rate for the WT-HI is given. The results show that interference can be exploited to assist secrecy in wireless communications. An important example of the Gaussian case, in which the interferer has a better channel to the intended receiver than to the eavesdropper, is considered. In this situation, the interferer can send a (random) codeword at a rate that ensures that it can be decoded and subtracted from the received signal by the intended receiver but cannot be decoded by the eavesdropper. Hence, only the eavesdropper is interfered with and the secrecy level of the confidential message is increased.

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arXiv2007

On the Throughput of Secure Hybrid-ARQ Protocols for Gaussian Block-Fading Channels

The focus of this paper is an information-theoretic study of retransmission protocols for reliable packet communication under a secrecy constraint. The hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) protocol is revisited for a block-fading wire-tap channel, in which two legitimate users communicate over a block-fading channel in the presence of a passive eavesdropper who intercepts the transmissions through an independent block-fading channel. In this model, the transmitter obtains a 1-bit ACK/NACK feedback from the legitimate receiver via an error-free public channel. Both reliability and confidentiality of secure HARQ protocols are studied by the joint consideration of channel coding, secrecy coding, and retransmission protocols. In particular, the error and secrecy performance of repetition time diversity (RTD) and incremental redundancy (INR) protocols are investigated based on good Wyner code sequences, which ensure that the confidential message is decoded successfully by the legitimate receiver and is kept in total ignorance by the eavesdropper for a given set of channel realizations. This paper first illustrates that there exists a good rate-compatible Wyner code family which ensures a secure INR protocol. Next, two types of outage probabilities, connection outage and secrecy outage probabilities are defined in order to characterize the tradeoff between the reliability of the legitimate communication link and the confidentiality with respect to the eavesdropper's link. For a given connection/secrecy outage probability pair, an achievable throughput of secure HARQ protocols is derived for block-fading channels. Finally, both asymptotic analysis and numerical computations demonstrate the benefits of HARQ protocols to throughput and secrecy.

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arXiv2007

Discrete Memoryless Interference and Broadcast Channels with Confidential Messages: Secrecy Rate Regions

We study information-theoretic security for discrete memoryless interference and broadcast channels with independent confidential messages sent to two receivers. Confidential messages are transmitted to their respective receivers with information-theoretic secrecy. That is, each receiver is kept in total ignorance with respect to the message intended for the other receiver. The secrecy level is measured by the equivocation rate at the eavesdropping receiver. In this paper, we present inner and outer bounds on secrecy capacity regions for these two communication systems. The derived outer bounds have an identical mutual information expression that applies to both channel models. The difference is in the input distributions over which the expression is optimized. The inner bound rate regions are achieved by random binning techniques. For the broadcast channel, a double-binning coding scheme allows for both joint encoding and preserving of confidentiality. Furthermore, we show that, for a special case of the interference channel, referred to as the switch channel, the two bound bounds meet. Finally, we describe several transmission schemes for Gaussian interference channels and derive their achievable rate regions while ensuring mutual information-theoretic secrecy. An encoding scheme in which transmitters dedicate some of their power to create artificial noise is proposed and shown to outperform both time-sharing and simple multiplexed transmission of the confidential messages.

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arXiv2007

Secure Nested Codes for Type II Wiretap Channels

This paper considers the problem of secure coding design for a type II wiretap channel, where the main channel is noiseless and the eavesdropper channel is a general binary-input symmetric-output memoryless channel. The proposed secure error-correcting code has a nested code structure. Two secure nested coding schemes are studied for a type II Gaussian wiretap channel. The nesting is based on cosets of a good code sequence for the first scheme and on cosets of the dual of a good code sequence for the second scheme. In each case, the corresponding achievable rate-equivocation pair is derived based on the threshold behavior of good code sequences. The two secure coding schemes together establish an achievable rate-equivocation region, which almost covers the secrecy capacity-equivocation region in this case study. The proposed secure coding scheme is extended to a type II binary symmetric wiretap channel. A new achievable perfect secrecy rate, which improves upon the previously reported result by Thangaraj et al., is derived for this channel.

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arXiv2007

Multiple Access Channels with Generalized Feedback and Confidential Messages

This paper considers the problem of secret communication over a multiple access channel with generalized feedback. Two trusted users send independent confidential messages to an intended receiver, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In this setting, an active cooperation between two trusted users is enabled through using channel feedback in order to improve the communication efficiency. Based on rate-splitting and decode-and-forward strategies, achievable secrecy rate regions are derived for both discrete memoryless and Gaussian channels. Results show that channel feedback improves the achievable secrecy rates.

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arXiv2007

Incremental Redundancy Cooperative Coding for Wireless Networks: Cooperative Diversity, Coding, and Transmission Energy Gain

We study an incremental redundancy (IR) cooperative coding scheme for wireless networks. To exploit the spatial diversity benefit we propose a cluster-based collaborating strategy for a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel model and based on a network geometric distance profile. Our scheme enhances the network performance by embedding an IR cooperative coding scheme into an existing noncooperative route. More precisely, for each hop, we form a collaborating cluster of M-1 nodes between the (hop) sender and the (hop) destination. The transmitted message is encoded using a mother code and partitioned into M blocks corresponding to the each of M slots. In the first slot, the (hop) sender broadcasts its information by transmitting the first block, and its helpers attempt to relay this message. In the remaining slots, the each of left-over M-1 blocks is sent either through a helper which has successfully decoded the message or directly by the (hop) sender where a dynamic schedule is based on the ACK-based feedback from the cluster. By employing powerful good codes (e.g., turbo codes, LDPC codes, and raptor codes) whose performance is characterized by a threshold behavior, our approach improves the reliability of a multi-hop routing through not only cooperation diversity benefit but also a coding advantage. The study of the diversity and the coding gain of the proposed scheme is based on a new simple threshold bound on the frame-error rate (FER) of maximum likelihood decoding. A average FER upper bound and its asymptotic (in large SNR) version are derived as a function of the average fading channel SNRs and the code threshold.

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arXiv2007

The Discrete Memoryless Multiple Access Channel with Confidential Messages

A multiple-access channel is considered in which messages from one encoder are confidential. Confidential messages are to be transmitted with perfect secrecy, as measured by equivocation at the other encoder. The upper bounds and the achievable rates for this communication situation are determined.

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arXiv2006

Complementary Set Matrices Satisfying a Column Correlation Constraint

Motivated by the problem of reducing the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of transmitted signals, we consider a design of complementary set matrices whose column sequences satisfy a correlation constraint. The design algorithm recursively builds a collection of $2^{t+1}$ mutually orthogonal (MO) complementary set matrices starting from a companion pair of sequences. We relate correlation properties of column sequences to that of the companion pair and illustrate how to select an appropriate companion pair to ensure that a given column correlation constraint is satisfied. For $t=0$, companion pair properties directly determine matrix column correlation properties. For $t\geq 1$, reducing correlation merits of the companion pair may lead to improved column correlation properties. However, further decrease of the maximum out-off-phase aperiodic autocorrelation of column sequences is not possible once the companion pair correlation merit is less than a threshold determined by $t$. We also reveal a design of the companion pair which leads to complementary set matrices with Golay column sequences. Exhaustive search for companion pairs satisfying a column correlation constraint is infeasible for medium and long sequences. We instead search for two shorter length sequences by minimizing a cost function in terms of their autocorrelation and crosscorrelation merits. Furthermore, an improved cost function which helps in reducing the maximum out-off-phase column correlation is derived based on the properties of the companion pair. By exploiting the well-known Welch bound, sufficient conditions for the existence of companion pairs which satisfy a set of column correlation constraints are also given.

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