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Przemysław Walczak

Publications and source records attributed to Przemysław Walczak.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

Asteroseismic analysis of RY Leporis: the post-main sequence HADS in a binary system

We present a comprehensive study of the pulsating primary component of the long-period binary system RY Lep. The spectral energy distribution and the absence of detectable lines indicate that the companion is likely a white dwarf. Atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances were determined from a high-resolution spectrum obtained with the the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). The spectroscopic analysis reveals an underabundance of iron-group elements and an enhancement of neutron-capture elements, including barium and europium, with an overall metallicity of [m/H]$\approx -0.4$. In the next step, we performed the first Fourier analysis of long-term photometric data from ASAS, SuperWASP, and TESS. In the TESS observations, we identify several additional frequencies not present in the ground-based data. The dominant frequency at 4.4415 d$^{-1}$ is identified as a radial mode, most likely the first radial overtone. Finally, seismic modeling of RY Lep was carried out by fitting the dominant mode together with the secondary frequency at 6.5991 d$^{-1}$, considering two possible identification for the latter: the third radial overtone or a dipole mode. Bayesian inference based on Monte Carlo simulations yields a stellar mass of $\sim 2.0 $M$_\odot$ and an age of $\sim 730$ Myr. All viable seismic models place RY Lep in the hydrogen shell-burning evolutionary phase, with a metallicity consistent with the spectroscopic determination.

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Asteroseismology of the fast-rotating high-amplitude $δ$ Scuti star V2367 Cygni

We present the comprehensive analysis of the high-amplitude $δ$ Sct star V2367 Cygni. Firstly, we perform the frequency analysis for the whole available set of the {\it Kepler} and {\it TESS} photometry. Most of the frequency peaks are harmonics or combinations of the three known independent frequencies with the highest amplitudes, i.e., $ν_1=5.66106$\,d$^{-1}$, $ν_2=7.14898$\,d$^{-1}$ and $ν_3=7.77557$\,d$^{-1}$. The total number of independent frequencies is 26 and 25 from the {\it Kepler} and {\it TESS} light curve, respectively. Then, using the $UBVRI$ time-series photometry, we unambiguously identify the dominant frequency $ν_1$ as the radial mode, whereas in the case of frequencies $ν_2$ and $ν_3$ the most probable mode degrees are $\ell=0$ or $\ell=2$. However, only the frequency $ν_2$ can be associated with a radial mode, and only if higher order effects of rotation are taken into account. Including the rotational mode coupling, we constructed complex seismic models of V2367\,Cyg, which fit $ν_1$ and $ν_2$ as radial modes, and reproduce the amplitude of bolometric flux variations (the parameter $f$) for the dominant mode. The empirical values of $f$ are derived from the $UBVRI$ amplitudes and phases. We rely on the Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations to derive constraints on evolutionary stage, mass, rotation, overshooting from the convective core and efficiency of convective transport in the envelope. Our seismic analysis clearly indicates that V2367\,Cyg is in a post-MS phase of evolution. This is the first extensive seismic modelling that takes into account the effect of rotational coupling between pulsation modes.

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A need to revise stellar opacities from asteroseismology of $δ$ Scuti stars

We construct seismic models of the four double-mode radial $δ$ Scuti stars adopting opacities from three databases: OPAL, OP and OPLIB. The aim is to find the models that fit the observed frequencies of the two radial modes and have the effective temperature and luminosity consistent with the observed values. Using the Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain that only the OPAL seismic models are caught within the observed error box in the HR diagram. Seismic models computed with the OP and OPLIB data are much cooler and less luminous. By including the relative amplitude of the bolometric flux variations (the so-called parameter $f$) into these simulations, we constrain the efficiency of convection in the envelopes, described by the mixing length parameter $α_{\rm MLT}$. We get $α_{\rm MLT}\approx 0.5$ for BP Peg, AE UMa and RV Ari (Population I stars) and $α_{\rm MLT}\approx 1.0$ for SX Phe (Population II star). For all the stars, overshooting from the convective core seems inefficient. A similar effect of opacity should occur also for classical Cepheids or RR Lyr stars that are used as standard candles to measure the universe.

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Seismic modeling of a very young SPB star -- KIC8264293

KIC8264293 is a fast rotating B-type pulsator observed by Kepler satellite. Its photometric variability is mainly due to pulsations in high-order g modes. Besides, we detected a weak H$α$ emission. Thus, the second source of variability is the fluctuation in a disk around the star. The pulsational spectrum of KIC8264293 reveals a frequency grouping and period spacing pattern. Here, we present the thorough seismic analysis of the star based on these features. Taking into account the position of the star in the HR diagram and fitting the 14 frequencies that form the period spacing we constrain the internal structure of the star. We conclude that the star barely left the ZAMS and the best seismic model has $M = 3.54\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$, $V_\mathrm{rot}=248\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$ and $Z = 0.0112$. We found the upper limit on the mixing at the edge of the convective core, with the overshooting parameter up to $f_\mathrm{ov} = 0.03$. On the other hand, we were not able to constrain the envelope mixing for the star. To excite the modes in the observed frequency range, we had to modify the opacity data. Our best seismic model with an opacity increase by 100% at the "nickel" bump $\log T=5.46$ explains the whole instability. KIC8264293 is the unique, very young star pulsating in high-order g modes with the Be feature. However, it is not obvious whether the source of this circumstellar matter is the ejection of mass from the underlying star or whether the star has retained its protostellar disk.

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Variability of newly identified B-type stars observed by Kepler

Recent re-determination of stellar atmospheric parameters for a sample of stars observed during the {\it Kepler} mission allowed to enlarge the number of {\it Kepler} B-type stars. We present the detailed frequency analysis for all these objects. All stars exhibit pulsational variability with maximum amplitudes at frequencies corresponding to high-order g modes. Peaks that could be identified with low-order p/g modes are also extracted for a few stars. We identified some patters in the oscillation spectra that can be associated with the period spacings that can result from the asymptotic nature of the detected pulsational modes. We also tentatively confront the observed oscillation characteristics with predictions from linear nonadiabatic computations of stellar pulsations. For high-order g modes the traditional approximation was employed to include the effects of rotation on the frequency values and mode instability.

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Seismic modelling of early B-type pulsators observed by BRITE: I. $θ$ Ophiuchi

We analyse time-series observations from the BRITE-Constellation of the well known $β$ Cephei type star $θ$ Ophiuchi. Seven previously known frequencies were confirmed and nineteen new frequency peaks were detected. In particular, high-order g modes, typical for the SPB (Slowly Pulsating B-type star) pulsators, are uncovered. These low-frequency modes are also obtained from the 7-year SMEI light curve. If g modes are associated with the primary component of $θ$ Oph, then our discovery allows, as in the case of other hybrid pulsators, to infer more comprehensive information on the internal structure. To this aim we perform in-depth seismic studies involving simultaneous fitting of mode frequencies, reproducing mode instability and adjusting the relative amplitude of the bolometric flux variations. To explain the mode instability in the observed frequency range a significant increase of the mean opacity in the vicinity of the $Z$-bump is needed. Moreover, constraints on mass, overshooting from the convective core and rotation are derived. If the low-frequency modes come from the speckle B5 companion then taking into account the effects of rotation is enough to explain the pulsational mode instability.

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What have we learnt from pulsations of B-type stars?

We review the main results obtained from our seismic studies of B-type main sequence pulsators, based on the ground-based, MOST, Kepler and BRITE observations. Important constraints on stellar opacities, convective overshooting and rotation are derived. In each studied case, a significant modification of the opacity profile at the depths corresponding to the temperature range $\log{T}\in (5.0-5.5)$ is indispensable to explain all pulsational properties. In particular, a huge amount of opacity (at least 200\%) at the depth of the temperature $\log T = 5.46$ (the "nickel" opacity) has to be added in early B-type stellar models to account for low frequencies which correspond to high-order g modes. The values of the overshooting parameter, $α_{\rm ov}$, from our seismic studies is below 0.3. In the case of a few stars, the deeper interiors have to rotate faster to get the g-mode instability in the whole observed range.

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A Spectroscopic and Photometric Investigation of the Mercury-Manganese Star KIC 6128830

The advent of space-based photometry provides the opportunity for the first precise characterizations of variability in Mercury-Manganese (HgMn/CP3) stars, which might advance our understanding of their internal structure. We have carried out a spectroscopic and photometric investigation of the candidate CP3 star KIC 6128830. A detailed abundance analysis based on newly-acquired high-resolution spectra was performed, which confirms that the star's abundance pattern is fully consistent with its proposed classification. Photometric variability was investigated using four years of archival Kepler data. In agreement with results from the literature, we have identified a single significant and independent frequency $f_1$=0.2065424 d$^{-1}$ with a peak-to-peak amplitude of $\sim$3.4 mmag and harmonic frequencies up to $5f_1$. Drawing on the predictions of state-of-the-art pulsation models and information on evolutionary status, we discuss the origin of the observed light changes. Our calculations predict the occurrence of g-mode pulsations at the observed variability frequency. On the other hand, the strictly mono-periodic nature of the variability strongly suggests a rotational origin. While we prefer the rotational explanation, the present data leave some uncertainty.

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Inference for Stellar Opacities from Seismic Studies of the Hybrid $β$ Cep/SPB pulsators

We present a comprehensive seismic study of the three pulsating stars of $β$ Cep/SPB type: $ν$ Eridani, 12 Lacertae and $γ$ Pegasi. Models with the modified mean opacity profile are constructed in order to account for both the observed frequency range and the values of some individual frequencies. To decrease the number of possible solutions, we make use of the non-adiabatic parameter $f$, whose value is very sensitive to subphotospheric layers where pulsations are driven. This complex seismic modelling show the need for a significant modification of the opacity profile.

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Interpretation of the BRITE oscillation spectra of the early B-type stars: $ν$ Eri and $α$ Lup

$ν$ Eridani is a well known multiperiodic $β$ Cephei pulsator which exhibits also the SPB (Slowly Pulsating B-type stars) type modes. Recent frequency analysis of the BRITE photometry of $α$ Lupi showed that the star is also a hybrid $β$ Cep/SPB pulsator, in which both high and low frequencies were detected. We construct complex seismic models in order to account for the observed frequency range, the values of the frequencies themselves and the non-adiabatic parameter $f$ for the dominant mode. Our studies suggest, that significant modifications of the opacity profile at the temperature range $\log{T}\in (5.0-5.5)$ are necessary to fulfill all these requirements.

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Deciphering the period spacing pattern in the oscillation spectrum of the SPB star KIC 7760680

We present the analysis of KIC 7760680, the rotating Slowly Pulsating B-type star identified in the Kepler photometry. The oscillation spectrum of the star exhibits a series of 36 frequencies which are quasi-equally spaced in period. We confirm that this series can be associated with prograde dipole modes of consecutive radial orders. In our studies, the effects of rotation were included in the MESA equilibrium models as well as in the puslational calculations in the framework of the traditional approximation. We find that pulsational models computed with the OPLIB opacities best reproduce the observed frequency range. The modified opacity data with an enhancement of the opacity at $\log T=5.3$, 5.46 and 5.06 were tested as well. Increasing the OPLIB opacities by about 50% at $\log T=5.3$ is sufficient to excite modes in the whole range of 36 frequency peaks of KIC 7760680.

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Testing microphysics data

High precision asteroseismic data provide a unique opportunity to test input microphysics such as stellar opacities, chemical composition or equation of state. These tests are possible because pulsational frequencies as well as amplitudes and phases of the light variations are very sensitive to the internal structure of a star. We can therefore compute pulsation models and compare them with observations. The agreement or differences should tell us whether some models are adequate or not, and which input data need to be improved.

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The hybrid B-type pulsator $γ$ Pegasi: mode identification and complex seismic modelling

We present interpretation of the oscillation spectrum of the early B-type star $γ$ Pegasi, in which both low order p/g and high-order g-modes are observed. Using amplitudes and phases of the photometric and radial velocity variations, we identify/constrain the mode degree, $\ell$, for all 14 detected frequencies. Seismic models fitting two pulsational frequencies corresponding to the modes $\ell=0$, p$_1$ and $\ell=1$, g$_1$ were constructed. This set of models contains those which reproduce also the empirical values of the complex nonadiabatic parameter $f$ associated to these two mode frequencies. Unfortunately, there are no models reproducing the values of $f$ for both frequencies simultaneously, regardless of model atmospheres, opacity data, chemical mixture as well as opacity enhancement in the $Z-$ and Deep Opacity Bumps. Most probably, some modifications of the opacities in stellar interiors are still required.

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Constraints on stellar parameters of the SPB star HD182255 from complex asteroseismology

Seismic modeling of the Slowly Pulsating B-type star HD182255 yields strong constraints on the radial orders of the two dominant modes. For these frequencies, we derive also the empirical values of the complex nonadiabatic parameter $f$. These two seismic tools, i.e., pulsational frequencies and the associated values of $f$, allow to test available opacity data, chemical composition and overshooting efficiency.

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Constraints on model atmospheres from complex asteroseismology of the βCephei stars

Using the method termed complex asteroseismology, we derive constraints on model atmospheres, in particular, on the NLTE effects. We fit simultaneously pulsational frequencies and the corresponding values of the nonadiabatic complex parameter f for the four βCephei stars: θOph, νEri, γPeg and 12 Lac. The LTE Kurucz models and the BSTAR2006 NLTE models are tested.

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Studying the hybrid pulsator 12 Lacertae: mode identification and complex seismic modelling

We present identification of the mode degree, l, for all observed frequencies of 12 Lac and results of seismic modelling which consists in fitting simultaneously the centroid mode frequencies and the corresponding values of the complex nonadiabatic f-parameter. Effects of chemical composition, opacities, core overshooting and non-LTE atmospheres were taken into account.

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Complex asteroseismology of the Slowly Pulsating B-type star HD74560

We present the results of complex seismic modelling of the Slowly Pulsating B-type star HD74560. The star pulsates in five frequencies detected in photometric observations. For all these frequencies, we identify the mode degree, $\ell$. For two of them, found also in spectroscopic data, we are able to derived the empirical values of the complex nonadiabatic parameter $f$. We test effects of chemical composition and opacity data. Our results show that the properties of seismic models of SPB stars differ significantly from those of the more massive $β$ Cephei stars.

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Complex asteroseismology of the hybrid B-type pulsator $γ$ Pegasi: a test of stellar opacities

Using the updated oscillation spectrum of $γ$ Pegasi, we construct a set of seismic models which reproduce two pulsational frequencies corresponding to the $\ell=0$, p$_1$ and $\ell=1$, g$_1$ modes. Then, we single out models which reproduce other well identified modes. Finally, we extend our seismic modelling by a requirement of fitting also values of the complex, nonadiabatic parameter $f$ associated to each mode frequency. Such complex asteroseismology of the B-type pulsators provides a unique test of stellar metallicity and opacities. In contrast to our previous studies, results for $γ$ Peg indicate that both opacity tables, OPAL and OP, are equally preferred.

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