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Qing Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Qing Zhang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Mind the Gap No More: Achieving Zero-Gap Multimodal Integration via One Tokenizer

A central challenge in developing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is effectively integrating heterogeneous inputs into a cohesive reasoning engine. Current paradigms predominantly rely on modular architectures that introduce modality-specific encoders and cross-modal fusion mechanisms. However, these designs are fundamentally bottlenecked by a geometric modality gap, forcing the LLM to expend significant computational capacity on geometric reconciliation rather than deep cross-modal reasoning. In this work, we formally characterize this modality gap and theoretically demonstrate that native architectures, specifically those employing a unified vocabulary, intrinsically maintain a zero-gap state across all hidden layers. Guided by these theoretical findings, we propose \textit{One Tokenizer}, a native architecture that maps all modalities directly into a shared token space. We empirically validate this framework on a DNA--text multimodal testbed. Our extensive evaluations reveal that by achieving seamless integration within the LLM's native latent space, One Tokenizer consistently outperforms encoder-based modular counterparts, providing a fundamentally superior framework for deep biological reasoning.

q-bio.GN↗

Observation of field-odd and field-free superconducting diode effects in $\mathrm{Mo}_2\mathrm{C}$ nanoflakes

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) enables nonreciprocal supercurrent flow, holding immense potential for ultra-low-power quantum electronics. Intrinsic SDE typically requires materials with inherent symmetry breakings. Here, we report the discovery of SDE in chemical vapor deposition-grown molybdenum carbide ($\mathrm{Mo}_2\mathrm{C}$) nanoflakes, a material traditionally considered centrosymmetric. Strikingly, this system uniquely hosts both field-odd and field-free SDEs. Transport measurements reveal a field-odd SDE with tunable efficiency exceeding 40% at 4 K under a perpendicular in-plane magnetic field. In a separate sample, a robust field-free SDE persists under zero-field and field-coolings. Out-of-plane field sweeps confirm the intrinsic nature of these phenomena. We propose that domain-boundary supercurrents or charge density wave-like orders drive this unexpected combination of symmetry breakings. Our findings establish air-stable $\mathrm{Mo}_2\mathrm{C}$ as an ideal platform for nonreciprocal superconducting electronics operating at liquid-helium temperatures, expanding the search for SDE into nominally centrosymmetric superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

World-Env: Leveraging World Model as a Virtual Environment for VLA Post-Training

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained via imitation learning suffer from significant performance degradation in data-scarce scenarios due to their reliance on large-scale demonstration datasets. Although reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training has proven effective in addressing data scarcity, its application to VLA models is hindered by the non-resettable nature of real-world environments. This limitation is particularly critical in high-risk domains such as industrial automation, where interactions often induce state changes that are costly or infeasible to revert. Furthermore, existing VLA approaches lack a reliable mechanism for detecting task completion, leading to redundant actions that reduce overall task success rates. To address these challenges, we propose World-Env, an RL-based post-training framework that replaces physical interaction with a low-cost world model-based virtual simulator. World-Env consists of two key components: (1) a physically-consistent world simulator that generates temporally consistent future visual observations, and (2) a vision-language model (VLM)-guided instant reflector that provides continuous reward signals and predicts action termination. This simulated environment enables VLA models to safely explore and generalize beyond their initial imitation learning distribution. Our method achieves notable performance gains with as few as five expert demonstrations per task. Experiments on complex robotic manipulation tasks demonstrate that World-Env effectively overcomes the data inefficiency, safety constraints, and inefficient execution of conventional VLA models that rely on real-world interaction, offering a practical and scalable solution for post-training in resource-constrained settings. Our code is available at https://github.com/amap-cvlab/world-env.

cs.RO↗

Reconfigurable ultrafast perovskite polariton logic gates via nonlinear dynamics

Exciton-polaritons provide a great platform for developing ultrafast all-optical logic gates for quantum and optical chips. However, progress toward practical polariton logic remains limited due to incomplete logical functionality on a single device. Herein, we present a single-device perovskite polariton platform enabling reconfigurable, ultrafast logic gates with functional completeness. The device consists of an optically trapped perovskite microwire, generating well-controlled non-equilibrium polariton condensation states for multiple logic operation channels. By tailoring the power of signal and gate beams, the same device is programmed to execute three basic Boolean functions (AND,OR,and NOT) and a high-order XOR function with a high on/off ratio of 21 dB, and a fast response time 6.7 ps. The reconfigurability arises from the selective activation of different nonlinear responses of polariton condensates, including amplification, seeding state transitions, and nonlinear interaction. These results provide valuable insights for advancing exciton-polariton logic gates.

physics.optics↗

Generative Texture Filtering

We present a generative method for texture filtering, which exhibits surprisingly good performance and generalizability. Our core idea is to empower texture filtering by taking full advantage of the strong learned image prior of pre-trained generative models. To this end, we propose to fine-tune a pre-trained generative model via a two-stage strategy. Specifically, we first conduct supervised fine-tuning on a very small set of paired images, and then perform reinforcement fine-tuning on a large-scale unlabeled dataset under the guidance of a reward function that quantifies the quality of texture removal and structure preservation. Extensive experiments show that our method clearly outperforms previous methods, and is effective to deal with previously challenging cases. Our code is available at https://github.com/OnlyZZZZ/Generative_Texture_Filtering.

cs.CV↗

Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS Observed from Mars by China's Tianwen-1 Spacecraft

China's Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter successfully imaged the third interstellar object, 3I/ATLAS, during its close encounter with Mars using the onboard HiRIC CMOS camera. This is China's first deep-space observation of an astronomical object. These observations constitute the first imaging of this object from a vantage point significantly out of its orbital plane, providing a unique constraint on dust dynamics. Three observing epochs between 2025 September 30 and October 3 reveal clear changes in coma and tail morphology driven by the rapidly evolving viewing geometry. Comparison with Finson-Probstein dust dynamical models indicates that the coma is dominated by large grains with solar radiation pressure parameter $β\approx 10^{-3} $ - $10^{-2}$, corresponding to grain sizes of a few 100s $μ$m. The extent of the sunward coma implies dust ejection velocities of $3$ - $10$ m s$^{-1}$. Despite the morphological evolution, the azimuthally averaged surface brightness profile remains nearly unchanged through the three epochs, transitioning from a radial slope near -1 close to the nucleus to slightly steeper than -1.5 at larger cometocentric distances, consistent with steady-state dust outflow accelerated by solar radiation pressure. Photometry yields an average $Afρ\sim (2.0\pm0.2)\times10^4$ cm and a corresponding dust mass loss rate of $\dot{M} \sim 10^3$ kg s$^{-1}$.

astro-ph.EP↗

SGS-Intrinsic: Semantic-Invariant Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Indoor Inverse Rendering

We present SGS-Intrinsic, an indoor inverse rendering framework that works well for sparse-view images. Unlike existing 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) based methods that focus on object-centric reconstruction and fail to work under sparse view settings, our method allows to achieve high-quality geometry reconstruction and accurate disentanglement of material and illumination. The core idea is to construct a dense and geometry-consistent Gaussian semantic field guided by semantic and geometric priors, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent inverse rendering. Building upon this, we perform material-illumination disentanglement by combining a hybrid illumination model and material prior to effectively capture illumination-material interactions. To mitigate the impact of cast shadows and enhance the robustness of material recovery, we introduce illumination-invariant material constraint together with a deshadowing model. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that our method consistently improves both reconstruction fidelity and inverse rendering quality over existing 3DGS-based inverse rendering approaches. Our code is available at https://github.com/GrumpySloths/SGS_Intrinsic.github.io.

cs.CV↗

You Only Erase Once: Erasing Anything without Bringing Unexpected Content

We present YOEO, an approach for object erasure. Unlike recent diffusion-based methods which struggle to erase target objects without generating unexpected content within the masked regions due to lack of sufficient paired training data and explicit constraint on content generation, our method allows to produce high-quality object erasure results free of unwanted objects or artifacts while faithfully preserving the overall context coherence to the surrounding content. We achieve this goal by training an object erasure diffusion model on unpaired data containing only large-scale real-world images, under the supervision of a sundries detector and a context coherence loss that are built upon an entity segmentation model. To enable more efficient training and inference, a diffusion distillation strategy is employed to train for a few-step erasure diffusion model. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art object erasure methods. Code will be available at https://zyxunh.github.io/YOEO-ProjectPage/.

cs.CV↗

Learning Explicit Continuous Motion Representation for Dynamic Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Videos

We present an approach for high-quality dynamic Gaussian Splatting from monocular videos. To this end, we in this work go one step further beyond previous methods to explicitly model continuous position and orientation deformation of dynamic Gaussians, using an SE(3) B-spline motion bases with a compact set of control points. To improve computational efficiency while enhancing the ability to model complex motions, an adaptive control mechanism is devised to dynamically adjust the number of motion bases and control points. Besides, we develop a soft segment reconstruction strategy to mitigate long-interval motion interference, and employ a multi-view diffusion model to provide multi-view cues for avoiding overfitting to training views. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in novel view synthesis. Our code is available at https://github.com/hhhddddddd/se3bsplinegs.

cs.CV↗

ARIADNE: A Perception-Reasoning Synergy Framework for Trustworthy Coronary Angiography Analysis

Conventional pixel-wise loss functions fail to enforce topological constraints in coronary vessel segmentation, producing fragmented vascular trees despite high pixel-level accuracy. We present ARIADNE, a two-stage framework coupling preference-aligned perception with RL-based diagnostic reasoning for topologically coherent stenosis detection. The perception module employs DPO to fine-tune the Sa2VA vision-language foundation model using Betti number constraints as preference signals, aligning the policy toward geometrically complete vessel structures rather than pixel-wise overlap metrics. The reasoning module formulates stenosis localization as a Markov Decision Process with an explicit rejection mechanism that autonomously defers ambiguous anatomical candidates such as bifurcations and vessel crossings, shifting from coverage maximization to reliability optimization. On 1,400 clinical angiograms, ARIADNE achieves state-of-the-art centerline Dice of 0.838, reduces false positives by 41% compared to geometric baselines. External validation on multi-center benchmarks ARCADE and XCAD confirms generalization across acquisition protocols. This represents the first application of DPO for topological alignment in medical imaging, demonstrating that preference-based learning over structural constraints mitigates topological violations while maintaining diagnostic sensitivity in interventional cardiology workflows.

cs.CV↗

Probing and Bridging Geometry-Interaction Cues for Affordance Reasoning in Vision Foundation Models

What does it mean for a visual system to truly understand affordance? We argue that this understanding hinges on two complementary capacities: geometric perception, which identifies the structural parts of objects that enable interaction, and interaction perception, which models how an agent's actions engage with those parts. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a systematic probing of Visual Foundation Models (VFMs). We find that models like DINO inherently encode part-level geometric structures, while generative models like Flux contain rich, verb-conditioned spatial attention maps that serve as implicit interaction priors. Crucially, we demonstrate that these two dimensions are not merely correlated but are composable elements of affordance. By simply fusing DINO's geometric prototypes with Flux's interaction maps in a training-free and zero-shot manner, we achieve affordance estimation competitive with weakly-supervised methods. This final fusion experiment confirms that geometric and interaction perception are the fundamental building blocks of affordance understanding in VFMs, providing a mechanistic account of how perception grounds action.

cs.CV↗

Dynamic topological exciton-polaritons enabling ultrafast logic operations

Topological active materials have emerged as powerful paradigm bridging the discovery of exotic topological phases of matter with the development of functional topological devices. The recent extension of these material systems into dynamic regime, where topological properties can be actively manipulated at ultrafast timescales, promises unprecedented control over topological states and their functionalities. However, translating the static topological lasing signals into high-performance logic functions remain highly challenging, which imposes a far more stringent set of materials attributes. Here, leveraging the strong nonlinearity and pronounced spectral isolation of perovskite exciton-polaritons embedded in a Dirac vortex microcavity, we experimentally demonstrate the dynamic topological Majorana-like state polariton condensation with its ultrafast logic operations at room temperature. By actively coordinating pump and control beams in both spectral and temporal domain, we dynamically steer the topological polariton condensation process and demonstrate AND and NOT logic operations, achieving record extinction ratio (~20 dB), extremely low control fluence (~0.2 nJ/cm2) and sub-picosecond response time (~500 fs). Our results expand the frontier of dynamic topology and establish a novel pathway towards robust, ultrafast, and reconfigurable on-chip polaritonic logic circuits.

physics.optics↗

On Arthur representations and the unitary dual

In this paper, we propose a new conjecture describing the structure of the unitary dual in terms of Arthur representations for connected reductive algebraic groups defined over any non-Archimedean local field of characteristic zero. This conjecture provides a candidate set for the unitary dual, constructed from Arthur representations. For classical groups, we develop an explicit algorithm to generate this candidate set. Evidence for its exhaustiveness includes compatibility with the known generic unitary dual, unramified unitary dual, and low-corank representations. As further support, we verify the conjecture for the unitary dual of the exceptional group of type $G_2$.

math.RT↗

OpticalAging: Real-time Presbyopia Simulation for Inclusive Design via Tunable Lenses

Presbyopia, a common age-related vision condition affecting most people as they age, often remains inadequately understood by those unaffected. To help bridge the gap between abstract accessibility knowledge and a more grounded appreciation of perceptual challenges, this study presents OpticalAging, an optical see-through simulation approach. Unlike VR-based methods, OpticalAging uses dynamically controlled tunable lenses to simulate the first-person visual perspective of presbyopia's distance-dependent blur during real-world interaction, aiming to enhance awareness. While acknowledging critiques regarding simulation's limitations in fully capturing lived experience, we position this tool as a complement to user-centered methods. Our user study (N = 19, 18-35 years old) provides validation: quantitative measurements show statistically significant changes in near points across three age modes (40s, 50s, 60s), while qualitative results suggest increases in self-reported understanding and awareness of perceptual challenges among participants. The integration of our tool into a design task showcases its potential applicability within age-inclusive design workflows when used critically alongside direct user engagement.

cs.HC↗

FinMTM: A Multi-Turn Multimodal Benchmark for Financial Reasoning and Agent Evaluation

The financial domain poses substantial challenges for vision-language models (VLMs) due to specialized chart formats and knowledge-intensive reasoning requirements. However, existing financial benchmarks are largely single-turn and rely on a narrow set of question formats, limiting comprehensive evaluation in realistic application scenarios. To address this gap, we propose FinMTM, a multi-turn multimodal benchmark that expands diversity along both data and task dimensions. On the data side, we curate and annotate 11{,}133 bilingual (Chinese and English) financial QA pairs grounded in financial visuals, including candlestick charts, statistical plots, and report figures. On the task side, FinMTM covers single- and multiple-choice questions, multi-turn open-ended dialogues, and agent-based tasks. We further design task-specific evaluation protocols, including a set-overlap scoring rule for multiple-choice questions, a weighted combination of turn-level and session-level scores for multi-turn dialogues, and a composite metric that integrates planning quality with final outcomes for agent tasks. Extensive experimental evaluation of 22 VLMs reveal their limitations in fine-grained visual perception, long-context reasoning, and complex agent workflows.

cs.CV↗

Composition and Space Weathering Characteristics of Tianwen-2 Mission's First Target Near-Earth Asteroid (469219) Kamo`oalewa

The near-Earth asteroid Kamo`oalewa, a quasi-satellite of the Earth and the target for sample return by China's Tianwen-2 mission, exhibits distinctive spectral characteristics. This study re-analyzes the visible and near-infrared reflectance spectrum of Kamo`oalewa published by B. N. L. Sharkey et al. (2021), obtained using the Large Binocular Telescope, to infer its mineral composition and space weathering characteristics. Spectral similarity analysis is performed by comparing the spectrum of Kamo`oalewa to the mean spectra of various types in the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy to make a preliminary constraint on the combined characteristics of surface mineralogy and space weathering effects. To further characterize the mineral composition, a detailed analysis of the 1 μm band center is conducted based on spectral data below 1.25 μm that have higher signal-to-noise ratios. Empirical models for normalized spectra are developed to estimate the Is/FeO content. The results suggest that asteroid Kamo`oalewa has higher olivine abundance than that of typical S-type asteroids and the Moon, exhibiting an immature to submature degree of space weathering. These findings enhance our understanding of the evolution of similar quasi-satellites and provide important implication for the future exploration of Tianwen-2 mission.

astro-ph.EP↗

Beyond Symbols: Motion Perception Cues Enhance Dual-Task Performance with Wearable Directional Guidance

Directional cues are crucial for environmental interaction. Conventional methods rely on symbolic visual or auditory reminders that require semantic interpretation, a process that proves challenging in demanding dual-tasking scenarios. We introduce a novel alternative for conveying directional cues on wearable displays: directly triggering motion perception using monocularly presented peripheral stimuli. This approach is designed for low visual interference, with the goal of reducing the need for gaze-switching and the complex cognitive processing associated with symbols. User studies demonstrate our method's potential to robustly convey directional cues. Compared to a conventional arrow-based technique in a demanding dual-task scenario, our motion-based approach resulted in significantly more accurate interpretation of these directional cues ($p=.008$) and showed a trend towards reduced errors on the concurrent primary task ($p=.066$).

cs.HC↗

ReinPath: A Multimodal Reinforcement Learning Approach for Pathology

Interpretability is significant in computational pathology, leading to the development of multimodal information integration from histopathological image and corresponding text data.However, existing multimodal methods have limited interpretability due to the lack of high-quality dataset that support explicit reasoning and inference and simple reasoning process.To address the above problems, we introduce a novel multimodal pathology large language model with strong reasoning capabilities.To improve the generation of accurate and contextually relevant textual descriptions, we design a semantic reward strategy integrated with group relative policy optimization.We construct a high-quality pathology visual question answering (VQA) dataset, specifically designed to support complex reasoning tasks.Comprehensive experiments conducted on this dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, even when trained with only 20% of the data.Our method also achieves comparable performance on downstream zero-shot image classification task compared with CLIP.

cs.CV↗