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Qinghua Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Qinghua Chen.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

Quantum Weyl Relations arising from Two-Term Complexes

Let $Q$ be a Dynkin quiver over $k=\mathbb F_q$, let $A=kQ$, and let $\Ktwo(\cP)$ be the extriangulated category of two-term complexes of projective $A$-modules. We study the square-root normalized Hall algebra of $\Ktwo(\cP)$. We first establish a PBW-type vector-space factorization into the Ringel--Hall part and the shifted-projective part, and derive an explicit mixed multiplication formula. For the indecomposable projectives $P_i$, let $p_i$ and $z_i$ be the normalized Hall classes of $(0\to P_i)$ and $(P_i\to0)$, respectively. We prove \[ z_ip_i=q^{-1}p_iz_i+1, \] and determine all off-diagonal products $z_ip_j$ in terms of kernels and cokernels of maps $P_i\to P_j$. Hence each pair $(p_i,z_i)$ generates a rank-one quantum Weyl algebra, while every pairwise Hom-orthogonal family of projectives generates a higher-rank quantum Weyl subalgebra. For these subalgebras we construct explicit Hall--Fock modules, on which the $p_i$ act as creation operators and the $z_i$ act as $q$-annihilation operators. This provides a finite-field Hall model parallel to categorical Hall-type Weyl actions in Donaldson--Thomas theory. Finally, we show that BGP reflection transports the corresponding reflection subalgebras and preserves the mixed Hall coefficients.

math.RT

Superconducting Geometric Potential and Curvature-Enhanced Superconductivity in Curved Thin Films

The impact of pure geometric curvature on the superconductivity of thin films remains controversial due to the masking effects of mechanical strain. To isolate the purely geometric effects, we derive the linearized Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equation for a curved ultra-thin superconducting film in the presence of a magnetic field. By introducing a novel transverse order parameter that varies slowly along the film with the superconducting/vacuum boundary condition, we decouple the linearized GL equation into a transverse component and a surface component in the thin-layer quantization scheme. A superconducting geometric potential (GP) is present in the surface equation, which can substantially affect the nucleation of the superconducting state in the curved ultra-thin superconducting film. From the perspective of the GL free energy, the superconducting GP reduces the coefficient of the quadratic term of the order parameter, which enables the curved film to stay in the superconducting state even when the superconducting parameter $α$ becomes positive. Based on our equivalent equation, for a superconducting thin film with uniform curvature, the relative increase of the critical temperature is proportional to the magnitude of the superconducting GP. As an example, we numerically investigate the phase transition of a rectangular superconducting film bent around a cylindrical surface, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the theoretical expectations. We further propose a strain-free experimental validation using ultracold atomic condensates, where nested superfluid shells enforce Neumann boundary conditions to isolate the superconducting GP.

cond-mat.mes-hall

An inevitably aging world -- Analysis on the evolutionary pattern of age structure in 200 countries

Ignoring the differences between countries, human reproductive and dispersal behaviors can be described by some standardized models, so whether there is a universal law of population growth hidden in the abundant and unstructured data from various countries remains unclear. The age-specific population data constitute a three-dimensional tensor containing more comprehensive information. The existing literature often describes the characteristics of global or regional population evolution by subregion aggregation and statistical analysis, which makes it challenging to identify the underlying rules by ignoring national or structural details. Statistical physics can be used to summarize the macro characteristics and evolution laws of complex systems based on the attributes and motions of masses of individuals by decomposing high-dimensional tensors. Specifically, it can be used to assess the evolution of age structure in various countries over the past approximately 70 years, rather than simply focusing on the regions where aging has become apparent. It provides a universal scheme for the growing elderly and working age populations, indicating that the demographics on all continents are inevitably moving towards an aging population, including the current "young" continents of Africa, and Asia, South America with a recent "demographic dividend". It is a force derived from the "life cycle", and most countries have been unable to avoid this universal evolutionary path in the foreseeable future.

physics.soc-ph

One-sided Frobenius pairs in extriangulated categories

Let $\mathscr{C}$ be an extriangulated category with a proper class $ξ$ of $\mathbb{E}$-triangles. We introduce the notions of left Frobenius pairs, left ($n$-)cotorsion pairs and left (weak) Auslander-Buchweitz contexts with respect to $ξ$ in $\mathscr{C}$. We show how to construct left cotorsion pais from left $n$-cotorsion pairs, and establish a one-to-one correspondence between left Frobenius pairs and left (weak) Auslander-Buchweitz contexts. We also study the relation between a certain class of cotorsion pairs and that of $n$-cotorsion pairs. These work generalize Ma-Zhao-Huang's results in triangulated categories and partially generalize Becerril-Mendoza-Pérez-Santiago's results in abelian categories.

math.CT

Computing Cliques and Cavities in Networks

Complex networks contain complete subgraphs such as nodes, edges, triangles, etc., referred to as simplices and cliques of different orders. Notably, cavities consisting of higher-order cliques play an important role in brain functions. Since searching for maximum cliques is an NP-complete problem, we use k-core decomposition to determine the computability of a given network. For a computable network, we design a search method with an implementable algorithm for finding cliques of different orders, obtaining also the Euler characteristic number. Then, we compute the Betti numbers by using the ranks of boundary matrices of adjacent cliques. Furthermore, we design an optimized algorithm for finding cavities of different orders. Finally, we apply the algorithm to the neuronal network of C. elegans with data from one typical dataset, and find all of its cliques and some cavities of different orders, providing a basis for further mathematical analysis and computation of its structure and function.

cs.NE

Structure and Dynamic of Global Population Migration Network

Cross-border migration brings economic and cultural impacts to the origin and destination, and is also a key to reflect the international relations of related countries. In fact, the migration relationships of countries are complex and multilateral, but most traditional migration models are bilateral. Network theories could provide a better description of global migration to show the structure and statistical characteristics more clearly. Based on the estimated migration data and disparity filter algorithm, the networks describing the global multilateral migration relationships has been extracted among 200 countries over fifty years. The results show that the global migration networks during 1960-2015 exhibit a clustering and disassortative feature, implying globalized and multipolarized changes of migration during these years. The networks were embed into a Poincaré disk, yielding a typical and hierarchical "core-periphery" structure which, associated with angular density distribution, has been used to describe the "multi-centering" trend since 1990s. Analysis on correlation and evolution of communities indicates the stability of most communities yet some structural changes still exist since 1990s, which reflect that the important historical events are contributable to regional and even global migration patterns.

physics.soc-ph

A Liouville theorem for the fractional Ginzburg-Landau equation

In this paper, we are concerned with a Liouville-type result of the nonlinear integral equation \begin{equation*} u(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\frac{u(1-|u|^{2})}{|x-y|^{n-α}}dy, \end{equation*} where $u: \mathbb{R}^{n} \to \mathbb{R}^{k}$ with $k \geq 1$ and $1<α<n/2$. We prove that $u \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) \Rightarrow u \equiv 0$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$, as long as $u$ is a bounded and differentiable solution.

math.AP

Effects of Regional Trade Agreement to Local and Global Trade Purity Relationships

In contrast to the rapid integration of the world economy, many regional trade agreements (RTAs) have also emerged since the early 1990s. This seeming contradiction has encouraged scholars and policy makers to explore the true effects of RTAs, including both regional and global trade relationships. This paper defines synthesized trade resistance and decomposes it into natural and artificial factors. Here, we separate the influence of geographical distance, economic volume, overall increases in transportation and labor costs and use the expectation maximization algorithm to optimize the parameters and quantify the trade purity indicator, which describes the true global trade environment and relationships among countries. This indicates that although global and most regional trade relations gradually deteriorated during the period 2007-2017, RTAs generate trade relations among members, especially contributing to the relative prosperity of EU and NAFTA countries. In addition, we apply the network to reflect the purity of the trade relations among countries. The effects of RTAs can be analyzed by comparing typical trade unions and trade communities, which are presented using an empirical network structure. This analysis shows that the community structure is quite consistent with some trade unions, and the representative RTAs constitute the core structure of international trade network. However, the role of trade unions has weakened, and multilateral trade liberalization has accelerated in the past decade. This means that more countries have recently tended to expand their trading partners outside of these unions rather than limit their trading activities to RTAs.

q-fin.GN

The 'Letter' Distribution in the Chinese Language

Corpus-based statistical analysis plays a significant role in linguistic research, and ample evidence has shown that different languages exhibit some common laws. Studies have found that letters in some alphabetic writing languages have strikingly similar statistical usage frequency distributions. Does this hold for Chinese, which employs ideogram writing? We obtained letter frequency data of some alphabetic writing languages and found the common law of the letter distributions. In addition, we collected Chinese literature corpora for different historical periods from the Tang Dynasty to the present, and we dismantled the Chinese written language into three kinds of basic particles: characters, strokes and constructive parts. The results of the statistical analysis showed that, in different historical periods, the intensity of the use of basic particles in Chinese writing varied, but the form of the distribution was consistent. In particular, the distributions of the Chinese constructive parts are certainly consistent with those alphabetic writing languages. This study provides new evidence of the consistency of human languages.

cs.CL

Magnitude and significance of the peak of early embryonic mortality

Biologically, for any organism life does not start at birth but at fertilization of the embryo. Embryonic development is of great importance because it determines congenital anomalies and influences their severity. Whereas there is detailed qualitative knowledge of the successive steps of embryonic development, little is known about their probabilities of success or failure. Embryonic mortality as a function of post fertilization time provides a simple (albeit crude) way to identify major defects. We find that, in line with the few other species for which data are available, the embryonic mortality of zebrafish has a prominent peak shortly after fertilization. This is called the early embryonic mortality (EEM) effect. Although a number of immediate causes of death (e.g. infection, excess of carbon dioxide or of lactic acid, chromosomal defects) can be cited, the common underlying factor remains unknown. After reviewing embryonic mortality data available for chicken and a few other farm animals, we explain that zebrafish are particularly suited for such a study because embryogenesis can be followed from its very beginning and can be observed easily thanks to transparent egg shells. We report the following findings. (i) The mortality peak occurs in the first 15% of the 75-80 hours of embryogenesis and it is about 50 times higher than the low plateau which follows. (ii) The shape of the age-specific death rate is largely independent of the death level. Presently, little is known about the nature of embryonic defects. However, by reviewing two special cases we show that even small initial defects, e.g. spatial cellular asymmetries or irregularities in the timing of development, carry with them lethal effects in later stages of embryogenesis.

q-bio.TO

Interactive Levy Flight in Interest Space

Compared to the well-studied topic of human mobility in real geographic space, very few studies focus on human mobility in virtual space, such as interests, knowledge, ideas, and so forth. However, it relates to the issues of management of public opinions, knowledge diffusion, and innovation. In this paper, we assume that the interests of a group of online users can span a Euclidean space which is called interest space, and the transfers of user interests can be modeled as the Levy Flight on the interest space. To consider the interaction between users, we assume that the random walkers are not independent but interact each other indirectly via the digital resources in the interest space. The model can successfully reproduce a set of scaling laws for describing the growth of the attention flow networks of real online communities, and the ranges of the exponents of the scaling are similar with the empirical data. Further, we can infer parameters for describing the individual behaviors of the users according to the scaling laws of the empirical attention flow network. Our model can not only provide theoretical understanding on human online behaviors, but also has wide potential applications, such as dissemination and management of public opinions, online recommendation, etc.

cs.SI

The adaptive Crouzeix-Raviart element method for convection-diffusion eigenvalue problems

The convection-diffusion eigenvalue problems are hot topics, and computational mathematics community and physics community are concerned about them in recent years. In this paper, we consider the a posteriori error analysis and the adaptive algorithm of the Crouzeix-Raviart nonconforming element method for the convection-diffusion eigenvalue problems. We give the corresponding a posteriori error estimators, and prove their reliability and efficiency. Finally, the numerical results validate the theoretical analysis and show that the algorithm presented in this paper is efficient.

math.NA

A model for colloidal suspension under magnetohydrodynamic conditions

We present a comprehensive model to account for the behavior of suspended nanoparticles under magnetohydrodynamic conditions. The Lorentz force not only drags nanoparticle flocs toward the walls reducing the distance between flocs resulting a more negative total pair interaction potential energy, but also produces extra magnetic-induced stresses inside a floc leading to a change of pair interaction distance thus giving rise to a less negative total potential energy. The model explains quite well the recent experimental results showing that magnetic field assists aggregation in laminar or weak turbulent flows, but favors floc disruption in turbulent regime.

cond-mat.soft

Scanning SQUID microscopy of vortex clusters in multiband superconductors

In type-1.5 superconductors, vortices emerge in clusters, which grow in size with increasing magnetic field. These novel vortex clusters and their field dependence are directly visualized by scanning SQUID microscopy at very low vortex densities in MgB2 single crystals. Our observations are elucidated by simulations based on a two-gap Ginzburg-Landau theory in the type-1.5 regime.

cond-mat.supr-con

A Markov Chain-Based Numerical Method for Calculating Network Degree Distributions

This paper establishes a relation between scale-free networks and Markov chains, and proposes a computation framework for degree distributions of scale-free networks. We first find that, under the BA model, the degree evolution of individual nodes in a scale-free network follows some non-homogeneous Markov chains. Exploring the special structure of these Markov chains, we are able to develop an efficient algorithm to compute the degree distribution numerically. The complexity of our algorithm is O(t^2), where $t$ is the number of time steps for adding new nodes. We use three examples to demonstrate the computation procedure and compare the results with those from the existing methods.

math-ph