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Qingyun Wu

Publications and source records attributed to Qingyun Wu.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Fast Distributed Bandits for Online Recommendation Systems

Contextual bandit algorithms are commonly used in recommender systems, where content popularity can change rapidly. These algorithms continuously learn latent mappings between users and items, based on contexts associated with them both. Recent recommendation algorithms that learn clustering or social structures between users have exhibited higher recommendation accuracy. However, as the number of users and items in the environment increases, the time required to generate recommendations deteriorates significantly. As a result, these cannot be deployed in practice. The state-of-the-art distributed bandit algorithm - DCCB - relies on a peer-to-peer net-work to share information among distributed workers. However, this approach does not scale well with the increasing number of users. Furthermore, it suffers from slow discovery of clusters, resulting in accuracy degradation. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a novel distributed bandit-based algorithm called DistCLUB. This algorithm lazily creates clusters in a distributed manner, and dramatically reduces the network data sharing requirement, achieving high scalability. Additionally, DistCLUB finds clusters much faster, achieving better accuracy than the state-of-the-art algorithm. Evaluation over both real-world benchmarks and synthetic datasets shows that DistCLUB is on average 8.87x faster than DCCB, and achieves 14.5% higher normalized prediction performance.

cs.DC↗

Electrical Contact between an Ultrathin Topological Dirac Semimetal and a Two-Dimensional Material

Ultrathin films of topological Dirac semimetal, Na$_3$Bi, has recently been revealed as an unusual electronic materials with field-tunable topological phases. Here we investigate the electronic and transport properties of ultrathin Na$_3$Bi as an electrical contact to two-dimensional (2D) metal, i.e. graphene, and 2D semiconductor, i.e. MoS$_2$ and WS$_2$ monolayers. Using combined first-principle density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function simulation, we show that the electrical coupling between Na$_3$Bi bilayer thin film and graphene results in a notable interlayer charge transfer, thus inducing sizable $n$-type doping in the Na$_3$Bi/graphene heterostructures. In the case of MoS$_2$ and WS$_2$ monolayers, the lateral Schottky transport barrier is significantly lower than many commonly studied bulk metals, thus unraveling Na$_3$Bi bilayer as a high-efficiency electrical contact material for 2D semiconductors. These findings opens up an avenue of utilizing topological semimetal thin film as electrical contact to 2D materials, and further expands the family of 2D heterostructure devices into the realm of topological materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Estimation-Action-Reflection: Towards Deep Interaction Between Conversational and Recommender Systems

Recommender systems are embracing conversational technologies to obtain user preferences dynamically, and to overcome inherent limitations of their static models. A successful Conversational Recommender System (CRS) requires proper handling of interactions between conversation and recommendation. We argue that three fundamental problems need to be solved: 1) what questions to ask regarding item attributes, 2) when to recommend items, and 3) how to adapt to the users' online feedback. To the best of our knowledge, there lacks a unified framework that addresses these problems. In this work, we fill this missing interaction framework gap by proposing a new CRS framework named Estimation-Action-Reflection, or EAR, which consists of three stages to better converse with users. (1) Estimation, which builds predictive models to estimate user preference on both items and item attributes; (2) Action, which learns a dialogue policy to determine whether to ask attributes or recommend items, based on Estimation stage and conversation history; and (3) Reflection, which updates the recommender model when a user rejects the recommendations made by the Action stage. We present two conversation scenarios on binary and enumerated questions, and conduct extensive experiments on two datasets from Yelp and LastFM, for each scenario, respectively. Our experiments demonstrate significant improvements over the state-of-the-art method CRM [32], corresponding to fewer conversation turns and a higher level of recommendation hits.

cs.IR↗

Variance Reduction in Gradient Exploration for Online Learning to Rank

Online Learning to Rank (OL2R) algorithms learn from implicit user feedback on the fly. The key of such algorithms is an unbiased estimation of gradients, which is often (trivially) achieved by uniformly sampling from the entire parameter space. This unfortunately introduces high-variance in gradient estimation, and leads to a worse regret of model estimation, especially when the dimension of parameter space is large. In this paper, we aim at reducing the variance of gradient estimation in OL2R algorithms. We project the selected updating direction into a space spanned by the feature vectors from examined documents under the current query (termed the "document space" for short), after interleaved test. Our key insight is that the result of interleaved test solely is governed by a user's relevance evaluation over the examined documents. Hence, the true gradient introduced by this test result should lie in the constructed document space, and components orthogonal to the document space in the proposed gradient can be safely removed for variance reduction. We prove that the projected gradient is an unbiased estimation of the true gradient, and show that this lower-variance gradient estimation results in significant regret reduction. Our proposed method is compatible with all existing OL2R algorithms which rank documents using a linear model. Extensive experimental comparisons with several state-of-the-art OL2R algorithms have confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed method in reducing the variance of gradient estimation and improving overall performance.

cs.IR↗

Factorization Bandits for Online Influence Maximization

We study the problem of online influence maximization in social networks. In this problem, a learner aims to identify the set of "best influencers" in a network by interacting with it, i.e., repeatedly selecting seed nodes and observing activation feedback in the network. We capitalize on an important property of the influence maximization problem named network assortativity, which is ignored by most existing works in online influence maximization. To realize network assortativity, we factorize the activation probability on the edges into latent factors on the corresponding nodes, including influence factor on the giving nodes and susceptibility factor on the receiving nodes. We propose an upper confidence bound based online learning solution to estimate the latent factors, and therefore the activation probabilities. Considerable regret reduction is achieved by our factorization based online influence maximization algorithm. And extensive empirical evaluations on two real-world networks showed the effectiveness of our proposed solution.

cs.LG↗

Learning Contextual Bandits in a Non-stationary Environment

Multi-armed bandit algorithms have become a reference solution for handling the explore/exploit dilemma in recommender systems, and many other important real-world problems, such as display advertisement. However, such algorithms usually assume a stationary reward distribution, which hardly holds in practice as users' preferences are dynamic. This inevitably costs a recommender system consistent suboptimal performance. In this paper, we consider the situation where the underlying distribution of reward remains unchanged over (possibly short) epochs and shifts at unknown time instants. In accordance, we propose a contextual bandit algorithm that detects possible changes of environment based on its reward estimation confidence and updates its arm selection strategy respectively. Rigorous upper regret bound analysis of the proposed algorithm demonstrates its learning effectiveness in such a non-trivial environment. Extensive empirical evaluations on both synthetic and real-world datasets for recommendation confirm its practical utility in a changing environment.

cs.LG↗

Tunable magnetization relaxation of Fe_{2}Cr_{1-x}Co_{x}Si half-metallic Heusler alloys by band structure engineering

We report a systematic investigation on the magnetization relaxation properties of iron-based half-metallic Heusler alloy Fe$_{2}$Cr$_{1-x}$Co_${x}$Si (FCCS) thin films using broadband angular-resolved ferromagnetic resonance. Band structure engineering through Co doping (x) demonstrated by first-principles calculations is shown to tune the intrinsic magnetic damping over an order of magnitude, namely 0.01-0.0008. Notably, the intrinsic damping constants for samples with high Co concentration are among the lowest reported for Heusler alloys and even comparable to magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet. Furthermore, a significant reduction of both isotropic and anisotropic contributions of extrinsic damping of the FCCS alloys was found in the FCCS films with x=0.5-0.75, which is of particular importance for applications. These results demonstrate a practical recipe to tailor functional magnetization for Heusler alloy-based spintronics at room temperature

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Magnetic Properties of Transition-Metal Adsorbed ot-Phosphorus Monolayer: A First-principles and Monte Carlo Study

Using the first-principles and Monte Carlo methods, here we systematically study magnetic properties of monolayer octagonal-tetragonal phosphorus with 3d transition-metal (TM) adatoms. Different from the puckered hexagonal black phosphorus monolayer (phosphorene or $α$-P), the octagonal-tetragonal phase of 2D phosphorus (named as ot-P or $ε$-P in this article) is buckled with octagon-tetragon structure. Our calculations show that all TMs, except the closed-shell Zn atom, are able to strongly bind onto monolayer $ot$-P with significant binding energies. Local magnetic moments (up to 6 $μ$B) on adatoms of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co originate from the exchange and crystal-field splitting of TM 3d orbitals. The magnetic coupling between localized magnetic states of adatoms is dependent on adatomic distances and directions. Lastly, the uniformly magnetic order is investigated to screening two-dimensional dilute ferromagnets with high Curie temperature for applications of spintronics. It is found that ot-P with V atoms homogeneously adsorbed at the centre of octagons with a concentration of 5% has the most stable ferromagnetic ground state. Its Curie temperature is estimated to be 173 K using the Monte Carlo method.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Electronic and Transport Property of Phosphorene Nanoribbon

By combining density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function, we study the electronic and transport properties of monolayer black phosphorus nanoribbons (PNRs). First, we investigate the band-gap of PNRs and its modulation by the ribbon width and an external transverse electric feld. Our calculations indicate a giant Stark effect in PNRs, which can switch on transport channels of semiconducting PNRs under low bias, inducing an insulator-metal-transition. Next, we study the transport channels in PNRs via the calculations of the current density and local electron transmission pathway. In contrast to graphene and MoS_2 nanoribbons, the carrier transport channels under low bias are mainly located in the interior of both armchair and zigzag PNRs, and immune to a small amount of edge defects. Lastly, a device of the PNR-based dual-gate feld-effect-transistor, with high on/off-ratio of 10^3, is proposed based on the giant electric feld tuning effect.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Efficient spin injection into graphene through a tunnel barrier: overcoming the spin conductance mismatch

Employing first-principles calculations, we investigate efficiency of spin injection from a ferromagnetic (FM) electrode (Ni) into graphene and possible enhancement by using a barrier between the electrode and graphene. Three types of barriers, h-BN, Cu(111), and graphite, of various thickness (0-3 layers) are considered and the electrically biased conductance of the Ni/Barrier/Graphene junction are calculated. It is found that the minority spin transport channel of graphene can be strongly suppressed by the insulating h-BN barrier, resulting in a high spin injection efficiency. On the other hand, the calculated spin injection efficiencies of Ni/Cu/Graphene and Ni/Graphite/Graphene junctions are low, due to the spin conductance mismatch. Further examination on the electronic structure of the system reveals that the high spin injection efficiency in the presence of a tunnel barrier is due to its asymmetric effects on the two spin states of graphene.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Thermal Stability and Electrical Control of Magnetization of Heusler/Oxide Interface and Non-collinear Spin Transport of Its Junction

Towards next-generation spintronics devices, such as computer memories and logic chips, it is necessary to satisfy high thermal stability, low-power consumption and high spin-polarization simultaneously. Here, from first-principles, we investigate thermal stability (both structure and magnetization) and the electric field control of magnetic anisotropy on Co2FeAl (CFA)/MgO. A phase diagram of structural thermal stability of the CFA/MgO interface is illustrated. An interfacial perpendicular-anisotropy, coming from the Fe-O orbital hybridization, provides high magnetic thermal stability and a low stray field. We find an electric-field-induced giant modification of such perpendicular-anisotropy via a great magnetoelectric effect (the anisotropy energy coefficient beta~10-7 erg/V cm). Our spin electronic-structure and non-collinear transport calculations indicate high spin-polarized interfacial states and good magnetoresistance properties of CFA/MgO/CFA perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗