arXiv subjects

R. Baartman

Publications and source records attributed to R. Baartman.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The DarkLight Experiment at TRIUMF

This paper reports on the commissioning of the DarkLight experiment at the ARIEL superconducting electron linear accelerator located at TRIUMF in Vancouver, Canada. DarkLight was designed to utilize the ARIEL electron beam to search for a new boson, $A^\prime$, which preferentially couples to leptons, with a mass in the range 13-17 MeV/$c^2$. Such a boson could be produced via the $e^-~X\rightarrow e^-~X~A^\prime$ process, and the resulting $A^\prime\rightarrow e^+~e^-$ decay used to reconstruct the invariant mass of the $A^\prime$. The $e^+e^-$ pair is detected using a pair of magnetic spectrometers. Each spectrometer is instrumented with two triple GEM detectors and a scintillating strip hodoscope to trigger the event readout. Electron beam energies between 10 and 30 MeV were used to commission the experiment with a 1$~\mu$m thick carbon target. With both spectrometer polarities set to select electrons, elastic and M{\o}ller scattering were used to examine detector performance and compare with predicted distributions from Monte Carlo simulations. Planned upgrades to the e-linac will allow searches to be made with beam energies up to 50 MeV using a 1$~\mu$m thick tantalum target.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Matching Optimization for TRIUMF's Rare Isotope Linac

Fringe field effects are computed from simulated and measured quadrupole magnetic field gradients, enabling a more realistic modelling of the medium energy section optics in TRIUMF's RIB postaccelerator. Quantifying the fringe field optics using the method developed by Matsuda and Wollnik allows for the use of parallel modelling tune optimizations for machine operation, providing operators with an efficient means to re-tune the variable energy drift tube linac for RIB delivery.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2024

Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations

The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), aimed at systematically mapping this emission for the first time. Precision calibration, however, is a requirement in 21 cm radio observations. Due to the spatial compactness of HERA, the array is prone to the effects of mutual coupling, which inevitably lead to non-smooth calibration errors that contaminate the data. When unsmooth gains are used in calibration, intrinsically spectrally-smooth foreground emission begins to contaminate the data in a way that can prohibit a clean detection of the cosmological EoR signal. In this paper, we show that the effects of mutual coupling on calibration quality can be reduced by applying custom time-domain filters to the data prior to calibration. We find that more robust calibration solutions are derived when filtering in this way, which reduces the observed foreground power leakage. Specifically, we find a reduction of foreground power leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at k=0.5.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2024

Investigating Mutual Coupling in the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and Mitigating its Effects on the 21-cm Power Spectrum

Interferometric experiments designed to detect the highly redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen are producing increasingly stringent constraints on the 21-cm power spectrum, but some k-modes remain systematics-dominated. Mutual coupling is a major systematic that must be overcome in order to detect the 21-cm signal, and simulations that reproduce effects seen in the data can guide strategies for mitigating mutual coupling. In this paper, we analyse 12 nights of data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and compare the data against simulations that include a computationally efficient and physically motivated semi-analytic treatment of mutual coupling. We find that simulated coupling features qualitatively agree with coupling features in the data; however, coupling features in the data are brighter than the simulated features, indicating the presence of additional coupling mechanisms not captured by our model. We explore the use of fringe-rate filters as mutual coupling mitigation tools and use our simulations to investigate the effects of mutual coupling on a simulated cosmological 21-cm power spectrum in a "worst case" scenario where the foregrounds are particularly bright. We find that mutual coupling contaminates a large portion of the "EoR Window", and the contamination is several orders-of-magnitude larger than our simulated cosmic signal across a wide range of cosmological Fourier modes. While our fiducial fringe-rate filtering strategy reduces mutual coupling by roughly a factor of 100 in power, a non-negligible amount of coupling cannot be excised with fringe-rate filters, so more sophisticated mitigation strategies are required.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2022

Snowmass 2021 White Paper on Upgrading SuperKEKB with a Polarized Electron Beam: Discovery Potential and Proposed Implementation

Upgrading the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider with polarized electron beams opens a new program of precision physics at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. This white paper describes the physics potential of this `Chiral Belle' program. It includes projections for precision measurements of $\sin^2θ_W$ that can be obtained from independent left-right asymmetry measurements of $e^+e^-$ transitions to pairs of electrons, muons, taus, charm and b-quarks. The $\sin^2θ_W$ precision obtainable at SuperKEKB will match that of the LEP/SLC world average, but at the centre-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. Measurements of the couplings for muons, charm, and $b$-quarks will be substantially improved and the existing $3σ$ discrepancy between the SLC $A_{LR}$ and LEP $A_{FB}^b$ measurements will be addressed. Precision measurements of neutral current universality will be more than an order of magnitude more precise than currently available. As the energy scale is well away from the $Z^0$-pole, the precision measurements will have sensitivity to the presence of a parity-violating dark sector gauge boson, $Z_{\rm dark}$. The program also enables the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment $g-2$ form factor of the $τ$ to be made at an unprecedented level of precision. A precision of $10^{-5}$ level is accessible with 40~ab$^{-1}$ and with more data it would start to approach the $10^{-6}$ level. This technique would provide the most precise information from the third generation about potential new physics explanations of the muon $g-2$ $4σ$ anomaly. Additional $τ$ and QCD physics programs enabled or enhanced with having polarized electron beams are also discussed in this White Paper. This paper includes a summary of the path forward in R&D and next steps required to implement this upgrade and access its exciting discovery potential.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2022

Searching for New Physics with DarkLight at the ARIEL Electron-Linac

The search for a dark photon holds considerable interest in the physics community. Such a force carrier would begin to illuminate the dark sector. Many experiments have searched for such a particle, but so far it has proven elusive. In recent years the concept of a low mass dark photon has gained popularity in the physics community. Of particular recent interest is the $^8$Be and $^4$He anomaly, which could be explained by a new fifth force carrier with a mass of 17 MeV/$c^2$. The proposed DarkLight experiment would search for this potential low mass force carrier at ARIEL in the 10-20 MeV e$^+$e$^-$ invariant mass range. This proceeding will focus on the experimental design and physics case of the DarkLight experiment.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2017

AWAKE readiness for the study of the seeded self-modulation of a 400\,GeV proton bunch

AWAKE is a proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. % We show that the experimental setup briefly described here is ready for systematic study of the seeded self-modulation of the 400\,GeV proton bunch in the 10\,m-long rubidium plasma with density adjustable from 1 to 10$\times10^{14}$\,cm$^{-3}$. % We show that the short laser pulse used for ionization of the rubidium vapor propagates all the way along the column, suggesting full ionization of the vapor. % We show that ionization occurs along the proton bunch, at the laser time and that the plasma that follows affects the proton bunch. %

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2015

Intrinsic Third Order Aberrations in Electrostatic and Magnetic Quadrupoles

Intrinsic aberrations are those which occur due to the finite length of the desired field configuration. They are often loosely ascribed to the fringing field. This is misleading as it implies that the effects can be minimized by shaping the fields. In fact, there is an irreducible component related to the broken symmetry. It is present even in the hard-edge limit, and moreover, the other (soft-edge) effects can be simply ascribed to the intrinsic aberration spread over a finite length. We rederive the aberration formulas for quadrupoles using a Hamiltonian formalism. This allows for an easy comparison of electrostatic and magnetic quadrupoles. For different combinations of large and small emittances in the two transverse planes, it is found that in some situations electrostatic quadrupoles have lower aberrations, while in others, magnetic quadrupoles are better. As well, we discuss the ways in which existing transport codes handle quadrupole fringe fields. Pitfalls are pointed out and improvements proposed.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

Form Factor $g$ In Longitudinal Space Charge Impedance

In carrying out calculations of the effect of longitudinal space charge on longitudinal motion, the transverse beam size appears in a form factor which is usually written as $g=1+2\ln (b/a)$. In fact, this expression applies to particles with vanishing betatron amplitude in a beam with uniform transverse distribution. It is argued that an average over the transverse distribution should be used instead of the value on axis. It is shown that for the realistic `binomial' family of distributions the 1 in the above expression for $g$ should be replaced by a value near 0.5 if $a$ is interpreted as twice the rms width of the beam.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

Electrostatic Bender Fields, Optics, Aberrations, with Application to the Proton EDM Ring

Electrostatic bender optics are derived up to second order (third order in fields and the Hamiltonian) and applied to the proposed EDM proton ring. The results for linear optics agree with those already presented by V.\ Lebedev (Nov.\ 18, 2013). Second order optics is not sensitive to the shape of the fringe fields and formulas are given. It is shown that the proposed electrode shape that linearizes the vertical electric field is no advantage to this order.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

A Storage Ring Experiment to Detect a Proton Electric Dipole Moment

A new experiment is described to detect a permanent electric dipole moment of the proton with a sensitivity of $10^{-29}e\cdot$cm by using polarized "magic" momentum $0.7$~GeV/c protons in an all-electric storage ring. Systematic errors relevant to the experiment are discussed and techniques to address them are presented. The measurement is sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model at the scale of 3000~TeV.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2000

CW Performance of the Triumf 8 Meter Long RFQ for Exotic Ions

The ISAC 35 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate ions of A/q up to 30 from 2keV/u to 150keV/u in cw mode. The RFQ structure is 8 meters long and the vane-shaped rods are supported by 19 rings spaced 40 cm apart. An unusual feature of the design is the constant synchronous phase of -25; the buncher and shaper sections are eliminated in favor of an external multi-harmonic buncher. All 19 rings are installed with quadrature positioning of the four rod electrodes aligned to +/- 0.08 mm. Relative field variation and quadruple asymmetry along the 8 meters of the RFQ was measured to be within +/- 1%. Early operation at peak inter-electrode voltage (75kV) was restricted by the rapid growth of dark currents due to field emission; the nominal operating power of 75 kW increased to 100 kW in a few hours. A program of high power pulsing, followed by cw operation have all but eliminated the problem leading to a successful 150 hour test at full power. Successful beam test results confirm beam dynamics and rf designs.

physics.acc-ph↗