arXiv subjects

R. D. Young

Publications and source records attributed to R. D. Young.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

The strange quark contribution to the spin of the nucleon

Quark line disconnected matrix elements of an operator, such as the axial current, are difficult to compute on the lattice. The standard method uses a stochastic estimator of the operator, which is generally very noisy. We discuss and develop further our alternative approach using the Feynman-Hellmann theorem which involves only evaluating two-point correlation functions. This is applied to computing the contribution of the quark spin to the nucleon and in particular for the strange quark. In this process we also pay particular attention to the development of an SU(3) flavour breaking expansion for singlet operators.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Accessing high-momentum nucleons with dilute stochastic sources

A novel stochastic technique combining a dilute source grid of $\mathbb{Z}_3$ noise with iterative momentum-smearing is used to study the proton correlation function at rest and in boosted frames on two lattice volumes. The technique makes use of the baryonic version of the so-called one-end trick, and the decomposition into signal and noise terms of the resulting stochastic proton correlation function is made explicit. The number and location of the source points in the dilute grid should be chosen so that the benefits of averaging over many locations overcomes the additional statistical error introduced by the noise terms in the desired fitting region. At all nontrivial momentum values considered we find that the choice of $N=4$--$8$ maximally separated source locations is shown to be optimal, providing a reduced statistical error when compared with a single point source. This enables us to successfully fit the proton energy at momentum values as high as $|\vec{p}| \simeq 3.75$ GeV and $|\vec{p}| \simeq 2.82$ GeV on the small and large volume respectively.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Charge symmetry violation in the doubly charmed cascade masses

We investigate the electromagnetic contribution to the charge symmetry breaking in the $Ξ_{cc}$ baryon masses using a subtracted dispersion relation based on the Cottingham formula, following the formalism developed in an analysis of the octet baryon mass differences. In the absence of experimental information on the structure of charmed baryons, we use parameters for the electromagnetic structure of the $Ξ_{cc}$ and the difference in its charge states obtained from lattice QCD and estimates of SU(4) symmetry breaking. We report a conservative estimate for the mass splitting of the doubly charmed cascades to be 8 $\pm$ 9 MeV. While a smaller isospin splitting is compatible with this result, surprisingly it does not preclude the large splitting reported by the SELEX Collaboration. We identify those quantities which could be determined from lattice QCD and which would reduce the quoted theoretical uncertainty.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2017

Charmed states and flavour symmetry breaking

Extending the SU(3) flavour symmetry breaking expansion from up, down and strange sea quark masses to partially quenched valence quark masses allows an extrapolation to the charm quark mass. This approach leads to a determination of charmed quark hadron masses and decay constants. We describe our recent progress and give preliminary results in particular with regard to the recently discovered doubly charmed baryon by the LHCb Collaboration.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Nucleon structure functions from lattice operator product expansion

Deep-inelastic scattering, in the laboratory and on the lattice, is most instructive for understanding how the nucleon is built from quarks and gluons. The long-term goal is to compute the associated structure functions from first principles. So far this has been limited to model calculations. In this Letter we propose a new method to compute the structure functions directly from the virtual, all-encompassing Compton amplitude, utilizing the operator product expansion. This overcomes issues of renormalization and operator mixing, which so far have hindered lattice calculations of power corrections and higher moments.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Electromagnetic form factors at large momenta from lattice QCD

Accessing hadronic form factors at large momentum transfers has traditionally presented a challenge for lattice QCD simulations. Here we demonstrate how a novel implementation of the Feynman-Hellmann method can be employed to calculate hadronic form factors in lattice QCD at momenta much higher than previously accessible. Our simulations are performed on a single set of gauge configurations with three flavours of degenerate mass quarks corresponding to $m_π\approx 470 \text{ MeV}$. We are able to determine the electromagnetic form factors of the pion and nucleon up to approximately $6 \text{ GeV}^2$, with results for $G_E/G_M$ in the proton agreeing well with experimental results.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Magnetic form factors of the octet baryons from lattice QCD and chiral extrapolation

We present a 2+1--flavor lattice QCD calculation of the electromagnetic Dirac and Pauli form factors of the octet baryons. The magnetic Sachs form factor is extrapolated at six fixed values of $Q^2$ to the physical pseudoscalar masses and infinite volume using a formulation based on heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with finite-range regularization. We properly account for omitted disconnected quark contractions using a partially-quenched effective field theory formalism. The results compare well with the experimental form factors of the nucleon and the magnetic moments of the octet baryons.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Electric form factors of the octet baryons from lattice QCD and chiral extrapolation

We apply a formalism inspired by heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with finite-range regularization to dynamical $2+1-$flavor CSSM/QCDSF/UKQCD Collaboration lattice QCD simulation results for the electric form factors of the octet baryons. The electric form factor of each octet baryon is extrapolated to the physical pseudoscalar masses, after finite-volume corrections have been applied, at six fixed values of $Q^2$ in the range 0.2-1.3 GeV$^2$. The extrapolated lattice results accurately reproduce the experimental form factors of the nucleon at the physical point, indicating that omitted disconnected quark loop contributions are small. Furthermore, using the results of a recent lattice study of the magnetic form factors, we determine the ratio $μ_p G^p_E/G^p_M$. This quantity decreases with $Q^2$ in a way qualitatively consistent with recent experimental results.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2016

Isospin splittings of meson and baryon masses from three-flavor lattice QCD + QED

Lattice QCD simulations are now reaching a precision where isospin breaking effects become important. Previously, we have developed a program to systematically investigate the pattern of flavor symmetry beaking within QCD and successfully applied it to meson and baryon masses involving up, down and strange quarks. In this Letter we extend the calculations to QCD + QED and present our first results on isospin splittings in the pseudoscalar meson and baryon octets. In particular, we obtain the nucleon mass difference of $M_n-M_p=1.35(18)(8)\,\mbox{MeV}$ and the electromagnetic contribution to the pion splitting $M_{π^+}-M_{π^0}=4.60(20)\,\mbox{MeV}$. Further we report first determination of the separation between strong and electromagnetic contributions in the $\bar{MS}$ scheme.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2016

QED effects in the pseudoscalar meson sector

We present results on the pseudoscalar meson masses from a fully dynamical simulation of QCD+QED. We concentrate particularly on violations of isospin symmetry. We calculate the $π^+$-$π^0$ splitting and also look at other isospin violating mass differences. We have presented results for these isospin splittings in arXiv:1508.06401 [hep-lat]. In this paper we give more details of the techniques employed, discussing in particular the question of how much of the symmetry violation is due to QCD, arising from the different masses of the $u$ and $d$ quarks, and how much is due to QED, arising from the different charges of the quarks. This decomposition is not unique, it depends on the renormalisation scheme and scale. We suggest a renormalisation scheme in which Dashen's theorem for neutral mesons holds, so that the electromagnetic self-energies of the neutral mesons are zero, and discuss how the self-energies change when we transform to a scheme such as $\bar{MS}$, in which Dashen's theorem for neutral mesons is violated.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

Electromagnetic contribution to charge symmetry violation in parton distributions

We report a calculation of the combined effect of photon radiation and quark mass differences on charge symmetry violation (CSV) in the parton distribution functions of the nucleon. Following a recent suggestion of Martin and Ryskin, the initial photon distribution is calculated in terms of coherent radiation from the proton as a whole, while the effect of the quark mass difference is based on a recent lattice QCD simulation. The distributions are then evolved to a scale at which they can be compared with experiment by including both QCD and QED radiation. Overall, at a scale of 5 GeV$^2$, the total CSV effect on the phenomenologically important difference between the $d$ and $u$-quark distributions is some 20\% larger than the value based on quark mass differences alone. In total these sources of CSV account for approximately 40\% of the NuTeV anomaly.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2015

Quark-hadron duality constraints on γZ box corrections to parity-violating elastic scattering

We examine the interference γZ box corrections to parity-violating elastic electron--proton scattering in the light of the recent observation of quark-hadron duality in parity-violating deep-inelastic scattering from the deuteron, and the approximate isospin independence of duality in the electromagnetic nucleon structure functions down to Q^2 \approx 1 GeV^2. Assuming that a similar behavior also holds for the γZ proton structure functions, we find that duality constrains the γZ box correction to the proton's weak charge to be \Re e\, \square_{γZ}^V = (5.4 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{-3} at the kinematics of the Q_{\text{weak}} experiment. Within the same model we also provide estimates of the γZ corrections for future parity-violating experiments, such as MOLLER at Jefferson Lab and MESA at Mainz.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2015

Applications of the Feynman-Hellmann theorem in hadron structure

The Feynman-Hellmann (FH) relation offers an alternative way of accessing hadronic matrix elements through artificial modifications to the QCD Lagrangian. In particular, a FH-motivated method provides a new approach to calculations of disconnected contributions to matrix elements and high-momentum nucleon and pion form factors. Here we present results for the total nucleon axial charge, including a statistically significant non-negative total disconnected quark contribution of around $-5\%$ at an unphysically heavy pion mass. Extending the FH relation to finite-momentum transfers, we also present calculations of the pion and nucleon electromagnetic form factors up to momentum transfers of around 7-8 GeV$^2$. Results for the nucleon are not able to confirm the existence of a sign change for the ratio $\frac{G_E}{G_M}$, but suggest that future calculations at lighter pion masses will provide fascinating insight into this behaviour at large momentum transfers.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

SU(3) breaking in hyperon transition vector form factors

We present a calculation of the SU(3)-breaking corrections to the hyperon transition vector form factors to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with finite-range regularisation. Both octet and decuplet degrees of freedom are included. We formulate a chiral expansion at the kinematic point $Q^2=-(M_{B_1}-M_{B_2})^2$, which can be conveniently accessed in lattice QCD. The two unknown low-energy constants at this point are constrained by lattice QCD simulation results for the $Σ^-\rightarrow n$ and $Ξ^0\rightarrow Σ^+$ transition form factors. Hence we determine lattice-informed values of $f_1$ at the physical point. This work constitutes progress towards the precise determination of $|V_{us}|$ from hyperon semileptonic decays.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2015

Disconnected contributions to the spin of the nucleon

The spin decomposition of the proton is a long-standing topic of much interest in hadronic physics. Lattice QCD has had much success in calculating the connected contributions to the quark spin. However, complete calculations, which necessarily involve gluonic and strange-quark contributions, still present some challenges. These "disconnected" contributions typically involve small signals hidden against large statistical backgrounds and rely on computationally intensive stochastic techniques. In this work we demonstrate how a Feynman-Hellmann approach may be used to calculate such quantities, by measuring shifts in the proton energy arising from artificial modifications to the QCD action. We find a statistically significant non-zero result for the disconnected quark spin contribution to the proton of about -5% at a pion mass of 470 MeV.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

Charge Symmetry Violation in the Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton

Experimental tests of QCD through its predictions for the strange-quark content of the proton have been drastically restricted by our lack of knowledge of the violation of charge symmetry (CSV). We find unexpectedly tiny CSV in the proton's electromagnetic form factors by performing the first extraction of these quantities based on an analysis of lattice QCD data. The resulting values are an order of magnitude smaller than current bounds on proton strangeness from parity violating electron-proton scattering experiments. This result paves the way for a new generation of experimental measurements of the proton's strange form factors to challenge the predictions of QCD.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

Finite-volume and partial quenching effects in the magnetic polarizability of the neutron

There has been much progress in the experimental measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon. Similarly, lattice QCD simulations have recently produced dynamical QCD results for the magnetic polarizability of the neutron approaching the chiral regime. In order to compare the lattice simulations with experiment, calculation of partial quenching and finite-volume effects is required prior to an extrapolation in quark mass to the physical point. These dependencies are described using chiral effective field theory. Corrections to the partial quenching effects associated with the sea-quark-loop electric charges are estimated by modelling corrections to the pion cloud. These are compared to the uncorrected lattice results. In addition, the behaviour of the finite-volume corrections as a function of pion mass is explored. Box sizes of approximately 7 fm are required to achieve a result within 5% of the infinite-volume result at the physical pion mass. A variety of extrapolations are shown at different box sizes, providing a benchmark to guide future lattice QCD calculations of the magnetic polarizabilities. A relatively precise value for the physical magnetic polarizability of the neutron is presented, beta_n = 1.93(11)stat(8)sys x 10^-4 fm^3, which is in agreement with current experimental results.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

Determination of the strange nucleon form factors

The strange contribution to the electric and magnetic form factors of the nucleon is determined at a range of discrete values of $Q^2$ up to $1.4$ GeV$^2$. This is done by combining recent lattice QCD results for the electromagnetic form factors of the octet baryons with experimental determinations of those quantities. The most precise result is a small negative value for the strange magnetic moment: $G_M^s(Q^2=0) = -0.07\pm0.03\,μ_N$. At larger values of $Q^2$ both the electric and magnetic form factors are consistent with zero to within $2$-sigma.

hep-lat↗