arXiv subjects

R. E. Rutledge

Publications and source records attributed to R. E. Rutledge.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2000

Transient Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in Quiescence

We summarize the quiescent X-ray observations of transient low-mass X-ray binaries. These observations show that, in quiescence, binaries containing black holes are fainter than those containing neutron stars. This has triggered a number of theoretical ideas about what causes the quiescent X-ray emission. For black hole binaries, the options are accretion onto the black hole or coronal emission from the rapidly rotating stellar companion. There are more possibilities for the neutron stars: accretion, thermal emission from the surface or non-thermal emission from a ``turned-on'' radio pulsar. We review recent theoretical work on these mechanisms and note where current observations can distinguish between them. We highlight the re-analysis of the quiescent neutron star emission by Rutledge and collaborators that showed thermal emission to be a predominant contributor in many of these systems. Our knowledge of these binaries is bound to dramatically improve now that the Chandra and XMM satellites are operating successfully,

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arXiv1999

Identification of a Likely Radio Counterpart of the Rapid Burster

We have identified a likely radio counterpart to the low-mass X-ray binary MXB 1730-335 (the Rapid Burster). The counterpart has shown 8.4 GHz radio on/off behavior correlated with the X-ray on/off behavior as observed by the RXTE/ASM during six VLA observations. The probability of an unrelated, randomly varying background source duplicating this behavior is 1-3% depending on the correlation time scale. The location of the radio source is RA 17h 33m 24.61s; Dec -33d 23' 19.8" (J2000), +/- 0.1". We do not detect 8.4 GHz radio emission coincident with type II (accretion-driven) X-ray bursts. The ratio of radio to X-ray emission during such bursts is constrained to be below the ratio observed during X-ray persistent emission at the 2.9-sigma level. Synchrotron bubble models of the radio emission can provide a reasonable fit to the full data set, collected over several outbursts, assuming that the radio evolution is the same from outburst to outburst, but given the physical constraints the emission is more likely to be due to ~hour-long radio flares such as have been observed from the X-ray binary GRS 1915+105.

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arXiv1998

The Thermal X-ray Spectra of Cen X-4, Aql X-1, and 4U 1608-522 in Quiescence

We re-analyze the available X-ray spectral data of the type I bursting neutron star transients Aql X-1, Cen X-4, and 4U 1608-522 using realistic hydrogen atmosphere models. Previous spectral fits assumed a blackbody spectrum; because the free-free dominated photospheric opacity decreases with increasing frequency, blackbody spectral fits overestimate the effective temperature and underestimate, by as much as two orders of magnitude, the emitting area. Hydrogen atmosphere spectral models, when fit to the available observational data, imply systematically larger emission area radii, consistent with the canonical 10 km radius of a neutron star. This suggests that a substantial fraction of the quiescent luminosity is thermal emission from the surface of the neutron star. The magnitude of the equivalent hydrogen column density toward these systems, however, presents a considerable systematic uncertainty, which can only be eliminated by high signal-to-noise X-ray spectral measurements (e.g., with AXAF or XMM) which would permit simultaneous determination of the equivalent hydrogen column density, emission area, and thermal temperature.

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arXiv1997

Post-Burst Quasi-Periodic Oscillations from GRO J1744-28 and from the Rapid Burster

The repetitive X-ray bursts from the accretion-powered pulsar GRO J1744-28 show similarities to the type II X-ray bursts from the Rapid Burster. Several authors (notably Lewin et al.) have suggested that the bursts from GRO J1744-28 are type II bursts (which arise from the sudden release of gravitational potential energy). In this paper, we present another similarity between these sources. Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of GRO J1744-28 show that at least 10 out of 94 bursts are followed by quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) with frequencies of about 0.4 Hz. The period of the oscillations decreases over their 30--80 s lifetime, and they occur during a spectrally hard ``shoulder'' (or ``plateau'') which follows the burst. In one case the QPO show a modulation envelope which resembles simple beating between two narrow-band oscillations at 0.325 and 0.375 Hz. Using EXOSAT observations, Lubin et al. found QPO with frequencies of 0.039 to 0.056 Hz following 10 out of 95 type II bursts from the Rapid Burster. As in GRO J1744-28, the period of these oscillations decreased over their 100 s lifetime, and they occurred only during spectrally hard ``humps'' in the persistent emission. Even though the QPO frequencies differ by a factor of 10, we believe that this is further evidence that a similar accretion disk instability is responsible for the type II bursts from these two sources.

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arXiv1996

A 23 GHz Survey of GRB Error Boxes

The Haystack 37-meter telescope was used in a pilot project in May 1995 to observe GRB error boxes at 23~GHz. Seven BATSE error boxes and two IPN arcs were scanned by driving the beam of the telescope rapidly across their area. For the BATSE error boxes, the radio observations took place two to eighteen days after the BATSE detection, and several boxes were observed more than once. Total power data were recorded continuously as the telescope was driven at a rate of 0.2~degrees/second, yielding Nyquist sampling of the beam with an integration time of 50~milliseconds, corresponding to a theoretical rms sensitivity of 0.5~Jy. Under conditions of good weather, this sensitivity was achieved. In a preliminary analysis of the data we detect only two sources, 3C273 and 0552+398, both catalogued sources that are known to be variable at 23~GHz. Neither had a flux density that was unusally high or low at the time of our observations.

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