Experimental demonstration of Flying-Focus enhanced Thomson scattering
We report the experimental demonstration of a spatiotemporally engineered "Flying-Focus" laser pulse for enhanced x-ray generation in relativistic Thomson scattering. A combination of longitudinal chromatic aberration, angular dispersion, and group delay dispersion was applied to an ultrashort relativistically intense laser pulse to control the motion of its focal point. Precise tuning of the group delay dispersion was used to match the velocity of the focus to the trajectory of a counterpropagating electron bunch, produced by a laser wakefield accelerator. This prolonged the Thomson scattering interaction while reducing nonlinear effects, leading to an enhanced x-ray yield. The approach has the potential to increase the spectral density and brightness of the x-ray beam by orders of magnitude compared to equivalent focusing without spatiotemporal control. This experiment establishes a new technique for structured-light control at high intensity, demonstrating the realization of dynamic intensity structures that enhance light-matter interactions and for the generation of ultra-bright radiation sources.