Exact functional integration of radial and complex slave-boson fields: thermodynamics and dynamics of the two-site extended Hubbard model
The functional integral formulation of the Hubbard model when treated in its Kotliar-Ruckenstein representation in the radial gauge involves fermionic, as well as complex and radial slave boson fields. In order to improve on the understanding of the interplay of the three types of fields, and on the nature of the latter, we perform a comprehensive investigation of an exactly solvable two-site cluster, as it entails all pitfalls embodied in this approach. It is first shown that the exact partition function is recovered, even when incorporating in the calculation the square root factors that are at the heart of the representation, when suitably regularized. We show that using radial slave boson fields allows to overcome all hurdles following from the normal ordering procedure. We then demonstrate that this applies to the Green's function as well, and to the correlation functions of physical interest, thereby answering the criticisms raised by Schönhammer [K. Schönhammer, Phys. Rev. B 1990, 42, 2591]. In addition, the investigation generalizes the calculations to the Hubbard model extended by a non-local Coulomb interaction.