arXiv subjects

R. G. E. Timmermans

Publications and source records attributed to R. G. E. Timmermans.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2007

Investigations of Ra$^+$ properties to test possibilities of new optical frequency standards

The present work tests the suitability of the narrow transitions $7s \ ^2S_{1/2} \to 6d ^2D_{3/2}$ and $7s ^2S_{1/2} \to 6d ^2D_{5/2}$ in Ra$^+$ for optical frequency standard studies. Our calculations of the lifetimes of the metastable $6d$ states using the relativistic coupled-cluster theory suggest that they are sufficiently long for Ra$^+$ to be considered as a potential candidate for an atomic clock. This is further corroborated by our studies of the hyperfine interactions, dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities and quadrupole moments of the appropriate states of this system.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2007

Atomic Electric Dipole Moments: The Schiff Theorem and Its Corrections

Searches for the permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) of diamagnetic atoms provide powerful probes of CP-violating hadronic and semileptonic interactions. The theoretical interpretation of such experiments, however, requires careful implementation of a well-known theorem by Schiff that implies a vanishing net EDM for an atom built entirely from point-like, nonrelativistic constituents that interact only electrostatically. Any experimental observation of a nonzero atomic EDM would result from corrections to the point-like, nonrelativistic, electrostatic assumption. We reformulate Schiff's theorem at the operator level and delineate the electronic and nuclear operators whose atomic matrix elements generate corrections to "Schiff screening". We obtain a form for the operator responsible for the leading correction associated with finite nuclear size -- the so-called "Schiff moment" operator -- and observe that it differs from the corresponding operator used in previous Schiff moment computations. We show that the more general Schiff moment operator reduces to the previously employed operator only under certain approximations that are not generally justified. We also identify other corrections to Schiff screening that may not be included properly in previous theoretical treatments. We discuss practical considerations for obtaining a complete computation of corrections to Schiff screening in atomic EDM calculations.

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arXiv2006

The nucleon-sigma coupling constant in QCD Sum Rules

The external-field QCD Sum Rules method is used to evaluate the coupling constant of the light isoscalar-scalar meson (``$σ$'' or ε) to the nucleon. The contributions that come from the excited nucleon states and the response of the continuum threshold to the external field are calculated. The obtained value of the coupling constant is compatible with the large value required in one-boson exchange potential models of the two-nucleon interaction.

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arXiv2006

Scalar-Meson - Baryon Coupling Constants in QCD Sum Rules

The external-field QCD Sum Rules method is used to evaluate the coupling constants of the light-isoscalar scalar meson (``σ'' or ε) to the Λ, Σ, and Ξbaryons. It is shown that these coupling constants as calculated from QCD Sum Rules are consistent with SU(3)-flavor relations, which leads to a determination of the F/(F+D) ratio of the scalar octet assuming ideal mixing: we find α_s \equiv F/(F+D)=0.55. The coupling constants with SU(3) breaking effects are also discussed.

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arXiv2006

Time-Reversal Violation in Threshold $\vec{n}$ $\vec{p}$ Scattering

We investigate parity and time-reversal violation in neutron-proton scattering in the optical regime. We calculate the neutron spin rotation and analyzing power in scattering on polarized protons. This allows us to quantify the sensitivity that such experiments should aim for in order to be competitive to present-day measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment in constraining the $P$- and $T$-odd two-nucleon interaction. While state-of-the-art techniques fall short by some three orders of magnitude for the neutron-proton case, specific neutron-nucleus experiments look promising, provided certain experimental and theoretical challenges are met.

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arXiv2006

Schiff Theorem and the Electric Dipole Moments of Hydrogen-Like Atoms

The Schiff theorem is revisited in this work and the residual $P$- and $T$-odd electron--nucleus interaction, after the shielding takes effect, is completely specified. An application is made to the electric dipole moments of hydrogen-like atoms, whose qualitative features and systematics have important implication for realistic paramagnetic atoms.

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arXiv2005

Renormalization of One-Pion Exchange and Power Counting

The renormalization of the chiral nuclear interactions is studied. In leading order, the cutoff dependence is related to the singular tensor interaction of the one-pion exchange potential. In S waves and in higher partial waves where the tensor force is repulsive this cutoff dependence can be absorbed by counterterms expected at that order. In the other partial waves additional contact interactions are necessary. The implications of this finding for the effective-field-theory program in nuclear physics are discussed.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2004

Partial-Wave Analyses of all Proton-Proton and Neutron-Proton Data Below 500 MeV

In 1993 the Nijmegen group published the results of energy-dependent partial-wave analyses (PWAs) of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering data for laboratory kinetic energies below Tlab=350 MeV (PWA93). In this talk some general aspects, but also the newest developments on the Nijmegen NN PWAs are reported. We have almost finished a new energy-dependent PWA and will discuss some typical aspects of this new PWA; where it differs from PWA93, but also what future developments might be, or should be.

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arXiv2004

$P$- and $T$-odd two-nucleon interaction and the deuteron electric dipole moment

The nuclear physics relevant to the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the deuteron is addressed. The general operator structure of the $P$- and $T$-odd nucleon-nucleon interaction is discussed and applied to the two-body contributions of the deuteron EDM, which can be calculated in terms of $P$- and $T$-odd meson-nucleon coupling constants with only small model dependence. The one-body contributions, the EDMs of the proton and the neutron, are evaluated within the same framework. Although the total theoretical uncertainties are sizable, we conclude that, compared to the neutron, the deuteron EDM is competitive in terms of sensitivity to $C P$ violation, and complementary with respect to the microscopic sources of $C P$ violation that can be probed.

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arXiv2004

The Nucleon-Mass Difference in Chiral Perturbation Theory and Nuclear Forces

A new method is developed for treating the effect of the neutron-proton mass difference in isospin-violating nuclear forces. Previous treatments utilized an awkward subtraction scheme to generate these forces. A field redefinition is used to remove that mass difference from the Lagrangian (and hence from asymptotic nucleon states) and replace its effect by effective interactions. Previous calculations of static Class II charge-independence-breaking and Class III charge-symmetry-breaking potentials are verified using the new scheme, which is also used to calculate Class IV nuclear forces. Two-body forces of the latter type are found to be identical to previously obtained results. A novel three-body force is also found. Problems involving Galilean invariance with Class IV one-pion-exchange forces are identified and resolved.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2003

Angle-dependent normalization of neutron-proton differential cross sections

Systematic errors in the database of $np$ differential cross sections below 350 MeV are studied. By applying angle-dependent normalizations with the help of the energy-dependent Nijmegen partial-wave analysis PWA93 the $χ^2$-values of some seriously flawed data sets can be reduced significantly at the expense of a few degrees of freedom. It turns out that in these special cases the renormalized data sets can be made statistically acceptable such that they do not have to be discarded any longer in partial-wave analyses of the two-nucleon scattering data.

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arXiv2003

Determination of the chiral coupling constants c3 and c4 in new pp and np partial-wave analyses

As a first result of two new partial-wave analyses, one of the pp and another one of the np scattering data below 500 MeV, we report a study of the long-range chiral two-pion exchange interaction which contains the chiral coupling constants c1, c3, and c4. By using as input a theoretical value for c1 we are able to determine in pp as well as in np scattering accurate values for c3 and c4. The values determined from the pp data and independently from the np data are in very good agreement, indicating the correctness of the chiral two-pion exchange interaction. The weighted averages are c3 = -4.78(10) / GeV and c4 = 3.96(22) / GeV, where the errors are statistical. The value of c3 is best determined from the pp data and that of c4 from the np data.

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arXiv2001

Covariant model for proton-proton bremsstrahlung: Comparison with high-precision data

We compare a relativistic covariant model for proton-proton bremsstrahlung with high-quality data from KVI. The agreement in large parts of phase space is satisfactory. However, remarkably large discrepancies are observed for specific kinematic regions. These failures are shown to occur primarily when the final two-nucleon system has energies less than about 15 MeV.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2001

Hyperon-nucleon scattering and hyperon masses in the nuclear medium

We analyze low-energy hyperon-nucleon scattering using an effective field theory in next-to-leading order. By fitting experimental cross sections for laboratory hyperon momenta below 200 MeV/c and using information from the hypertriton we determine twelve contact-interaction coefficients. Based on these we discuss the low-density expansion of hyperon mass shifts in the nuclear medium.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2001

Normalization of neutron-proton differential cross sections

The np differential cross section below 350 MeV neutron laboratory energy is studied using the energy-dependent Nijmegen partial-wave analysis PWA93. We analyze in detail three experiments, performed at LAMPF, at TRIUMF, and at the TSL facility in Uppsala. The issue of normalization of $np$ cross sections is discussed, where we distinguish between measured and calculated normalizations. This analysis leads to improved treatments of the LAMPF and TRIUMF data over PWA93. It is shown that the LAMPF and TRIUMF data at Tlab = 212 MeV are in good agreement with PWA93, that the LAMPF data at Tlab = 162 MeV is also in good agreement with PWA93, but that the Uppsala data at 162 MeV is in strong disagreement with PWA93. The reason for the disagreement is, almost certainly, a systematic flaw in the slope of the Uppsala data.

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arXiv2000

Neutrino-pair emission in a strong magnetic field

We study the neutrino emissivity of strongly magnetized neutron stars due to the charged and neutral current couplings of neutrinos to baryons in strong magnetic fields. The leading order neutral current process is the one-body neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung, which does not have an analogue in the zero field limit. The leading order charged current reaction is the known generalization of the direct Urca processes to strong magnetic fields. While for superstrong magnetic fields in excess of $10^{18}$ G the direct Urca process dominates the one-body bremsstrahlung, we find that for fields on the order $10^{16}-10^{17}$ G and temperatures a few times $10^9$ K the one-body bremsstrahlung is the dominant process. Numerical computation of the resulting emissivity, based on a simple parametrization of the equation of state of the $npe$-matter in a strong magnetic field, shows that the emissivity of this reaction is of the same order of magnitude as that of the modified Urca process in the zero field limit.

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arXiv1999

Field theory of nucleon to higher-spin baryon transitions

We discuss the nucleon to higher-spin $N$- and $Δ$-resonance transitions by pions and photons. The higher-spin baryons are described by Rarita-Schwinger fields and, as we argue, this imposes a stringent consistency requirement on the form of the couplings. Popular $πNΔ$ and $γNΔ$ couplings are inconsistent from this point of view. We construct examples of consistent interactions with the same nonrelativistic limit as the conventional ones.

nucl-th↗

arXiv1999

Chiral two-pion exchange and proton-proton partial-wave analysis

The chiral two-pion exchange component of the long-range pp interaction is studied in an energy-dependent partial-wave analysis. We demonstrate its presence and importance, and determine the chiral parameters c_i (i=1,3,4). The values agree well with those obtained from pion-nucleon amplitudes.

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