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R. Gatto

Publications and source records attributed to R. Gatto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The Extended Bess Model: Bounds from Precision Electroweak Measurements

We present an effective Lagrangian parameterization describing scalar, vector, and axial-vector bound states, originating from a strong breaking of the electroweak symmetry, based on the global symmetry $SU(N)_L\otimes SU(N)_R$. In this approach vector and axial-vector bound states are gauge bosons associated to a hidden $SU(N)_L\otimes SU(N)_R$ symmetry. After the gauging of the electroweak symmetry, the corrections to the self-energies of the standard model gauge bosons are calculated and bounds on the parameter space of the model arising from precision measurements are studied. The self-energy corrections arise from spin 1 mixings, pseudogoldstones loops, pseudogoldstone-spin 1 loops, and tadpole terms. The one-loop terms tend to decrease both isospin conserving and isospin violating corrections. Careful calculation for standard $SU(8)$ QCD-scaled technicolor shows that strictly this model (which has however serious theoretical difficulties on his own) is still marginally allowed at present experimental precision.

hep-ph

Critical Endpoint and Inverse Magnetic Catalysis for Finite Temperature and Density Quark Matter in a Magnetic Background

In this article we study chiral symmetry breaking for quark matter in a magnetic background, $\bm B$, at finite temperature and quark chemical potential, $μ$, making use of the Ginzburg-Landau effective action formalism. As a microscopic model to compute the effective action we use the renormalized quark-meson model. Our main goal is to study the evolution of the critical endpoint, ${\cal CP}$, as a function of the magnetic field strength, and investigate on the realization of inverse magnetic catalysis at finite chemical potential. We find that the phase transition at zero chemical potential is always of the second order; for small and intermediate values of $\bm B$, ${\cal CP}$ moves towards small $μ$, while for larger $\bm B$ it moves towards moderately larger values of $μ$. Our results are in agreement with the inverse magnetic catalysis scenario at finite chemical potential and not too large values of the magnetic field, while at larger $\bm B$ direct magnetic catalysis sets in.

hep-ph

Neutral quark matter in a Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with vector interaction

We investigate the three flavor Nambu-Jona Lasinio model of neutral quark matter at zero temperature and finite density, keeping into account the scalar, the pseudoscalar and the Kobayashi-Maskawa-'t Hooft interactions as well as the repulsive vector plus axial-vector interaction terms (vector extended NJL, VENJL in the following). We focus on the effect of the vector interaction on the chiral restoration at finite density in neutral matter. We also study the evolution of the charged pseudoscalar meson energies as a function of the quark chemical potential.

hep-ph

The fate of pion condensation in quark matter: from the chiral limit to the physical pion mass

We study aspects of the pion condensation in two-flavor neutral quark matter using the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model of QCD at finite density. We investigate the role of electric charge neutrality, and explicit symmetry breaking via quark mass, both of which control the onset of the charged pion $(π^c)$ condensation. We show that the equality between the electric chemical potential and the in-medium pion mass, $μ_{e}=M_{π^-}$, as a threshold, persists even for a composite pion system in the medium, provided the transition to the pion condensed phase is of the second order. Moreover, we find that the pion condensate in neutral quark matter is extremely fragile to the symmetry breaking effect via a current quark mass $m$, and is ruled out for $m$ larger than the order of 10 keV.

hep-ph

On the neutrality issue in the Polyakov-loop NJL model

We elucidate how the color neutrality is harmed in the Polyakov Nambu-Jona Lasinio (PNJL) model at finite density within the adopted mean field approximation. Also we point out how usual assumption about the diagonal form of the Wilson loop may fail in the presence of the diquark condensate on several grounds.

hep-ph

Electrical neutrality and pion modes in the two flavor PNJL model

We study the phase diagram and the pion modes in the electrically neutral two flavor PNJL model. One of the main result of this paper is that when electrical neutrality is required, pions do not condense in the ground state of the model: the isospin chemical potential $μ_I = -μ_e/2$ is always smaller than the value required for pion condensation to occur. Moreover we investigate on the pions and $σ$ mass spectra. We find that the qualitative behavior of the masses resembles that obtained in the NJL model. We close this paper by studying the intriguing possibility that a bound state with the quantum numbers of the pions can be formed above the chiral phase transition.

hep-ph

Chiral crossover, deconfinement and quarkyonic matter within a Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop

We study the interplay between the chiral and the deconfinement transitions, both at high temperature and high quark chemical potential, by a non local Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop in the mean field approximation and requiring neutrality of the ground state. We consider three forms of the effective potential of the Polyakov loop: two of them with a fixed deconfinement scale, cases I and II, and the third one with a $μ$ dependent scale, case III. In the cases I and II, at high chemical potential $μ$ and low temperature $T$ the main contribution to the free energy is due to the Z(3)-neutral three-quark states, mimicking the quarkyonic phase of the large $N_c$ phase diagram. On the other hand in the case III the quarkyonic window is shrunk to a small region. Finally we comment on the relations of these results to lattice studies and on possible common prospects. We also briefly comment on the coexistence of quarkyonic and color superconductive phases.

hep-ph

Enforced neutrality and color-flavor unlocking in the three-flavor Polyakov-loop NJL model

We study how the charge neutrality affects the phase structure of three-flavor PNJL model. We point out that, within the conventional PNJL model at finite density the color neutrality is missing because the Wilson line serves as an external ``colored'' field coupled to dynamical quarks. In this paper we heuristically assume that the model may still be applicable. To get color neutrality one has then to allow non vanishing color chemical potentials. We study how the quark matter phase diagram in $(T,m_s^2/μ)$-plane is affected by imposing neutrality and by including the Polyakov loop dynamics. Although these two effects are correlated in a nonlinear way, the impact of the Polyakov loop turns out to be significant in the $T$ direction, while imposing neutrality brings a remarkable effect in the $m_s^2/μ$ direction. In particular, we find a novel unlocking transition, when the temperature is increased, even in the chiral SU(3) limit. We clarify how and why this is possible once the dynamics of the colored Polyakov loop is taken into account. Also we succeed in giving an analytic expression for $T_c$ for the transition from two-flavor pairing (2SC) to unpaired quark matter in the presence of the Polyakov loop.

hep-ph

Three flavor Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with Polyakov loop and competition with nuclear matter

We study the phase diagram of the three flavor Polyakov-Nambu-Jona Lasinio (PNJL) model and in particular the interplay between chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement crossover. We compute chiral condensates, quark densities and the Polyakov loop at several values of temperature and chemical potential. Moreover we investigate on the role of the Polyakov loop dynamics in the transition from nuclear matter to quark matter.

hep-ph

Superfluid and Pseudo-Goldstone Modes in Three Flavor Crystalline Color Superconductivity

We study the bosonic excitations in the favorite cubic three flavor crystalline LOFF phases of QCD. We calculate in the Ginzburg-Landau approximation the masses of the eight pseudo Nambu-Goldstone Bosons (NGB) present in the low energy theory. We also compute the decay constants of the massless NGB Goldstones associated to superfluidity as well as those of the eight pseudo NGB. Differently from the corresponding situation in the Color-Flavor-Locking phase, we find that meson condensation phases are not expected in the present scenario.

hep-ph

Polyakov loop and the color-flavor locked phase of Quantum Chromodynamics

We consider the Polyakov Nambu Jona Lasinio model with three massless quarks at high density and moderate temperature in the superconductive color flavor locking phase. We compute the critical temperature $T_c$ as a function of the baryonic chemical potential for the phase transition from the superconductive state to the normal phase. We find that $T_c$ is higher by a factor 1.5 -2 in comparison to the model containing no Polyakov loop. We also compute the specific heat $C_v$ near the second order phase transition and we show that the inclusion of the Polyakov loop does not change the value of the critical exponent.

hep-ph

On the ground state of gapless two flavor color superconductors

This paper is devoted to the study of some aspects of the instability of two flavor color superconductive quark matter. We find that, beside color condensates, the Goldstone boson related to the breaking of $U(1)_A$ suffers of a velocity instability. We relate this wrong sign problem, which implies the existence of a Goldstone current in the ground state or of gluonic condensation, to the negative squared Meissner mass of the $8^{th}$ gluon in the g2SC phase. Moreover we investigate the Meissner masses of the gluons and the squared velocity of the Goldstone in the multiple plane wave LOFF states, arguing that in such phases both the chromo-magnetic instability and the velocity instability are most probably removed. We also do not expect Higgs instability in such multiple plane wave LOFF. The true vacuum of gapless two flavor superconductors is thus expected to be a multiple plane wave LOFF state.

hep-ph

Influence of finite quark chemical potentials on the three flavor LOFF phase of QCD

We study in the Ginzburg-Landau approximation, the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) phase of QCD with three flavors and one plane wave, including terms of order O(1/mu). We show that the LOFF window is slightly enlarged, and actually splits into two different regions, one characterized by u-s and d-u pairings and the other with d-u pairs only.

hep-ph

Ginzburg-Landau approach to the three flavor LOFF phase of QCD

We explore, using a Ginzburg-Landau expansion of the free energy, the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) phase of QCD with three flavors, using the NJL four-fermion coupling to mimic gluon interactions. We find that, below the point where the QCD homogeneous superconductive phases should give way to the normal phase, Cooper condensation of the pairs u-s and d-u is possible, but in the form of the inhomogeneous LOFF pairing.

hep-ph

Meissner masses in the gCFL phase of QCD

We calculate the Meissner masses of gluons in neutral three-flavor color superconducting matter for finite strange quark mass. In the CFL phase the eissner masses are slowly varying function of the strange quark mass. For large strange quark mass, in the so called gCFL phase, the Meissner masses of gluons with colors $a=1,2,3$ and 8 become imaginary, indicating an instability.

hep-ph

Magnetic properties of the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell superconducting phase

We compute, at the first order in the fine structure constant, the parameters of the electromagnetic Lagrangian for the inhomogeneous Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell phase in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and in condensed matter. In particular we compute for QCD with two flavors the dielectric and the magnetic permeability tensors, and for condensed matter superconductors the penetration depth of external magnetic fields.

hep-ph

Effective Gap Equation for the Inhomogeneous LOFF Superconductive Phase

We present an approximate gap equation for different crystalline structures of the LOFF phase of high density QCD at T=0. This equation is derived by using an effective condensate term obtained by averaging the inhomogeneous condensate over distances of the order of the crystal lattice size. The approximation is expected to work better far off any second order phase transition. As a function of the difference of the chemical potentials of the up and down quarks, $δμ$, we get that the octahedron is energetically favored from $δμ=Δ_0/\sqrt 2$ to $0.95Δ_0$, where $Δ_0$ is the gap for the homogeneous phase, while in the range $0.95Δ_0-1.32Δ_0$ the face centered cube prevails. At $δμ=1.32Δ_0$ a first order phase transition to the normal phase occurs.

hep-ph