arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R. Gatto.
The problem of electroweak symmetry breaking is reviewed with discussion of future relevant experimentation at LHC and $e^+e^-$ linear colliders. The possibility of strong electroweak symmetry breaking is examined in more detail, using the BESS (Breaking Electroweak Symmetry Strongly) model as a basis for the discussion. The formal constructions are briefly presented and the possible expectations at future colliders are summarized.
We consider the production of the lightest pseudo-Goldstone bosons at future colliders through the vector resonances predicted by the extended BESS model, which consists of an effective lagrangian parametrization with dynamical symmetry breaking, describing scalar, vector and axial-vector bound states in a rather general framework. We find that the detection of pseudo-Goldstone pairs at LHC requires a careful evaluation of backgrounds. For e+e- collisions in the TeV range the backgrounds can be easily reduced and the detection of pseudo-Goldstone pairs is generally easier.
We present a study of non-leptonic B-meson decays, partial widths and CP asymmetries, and discuss the possibilities of determining the penguin contributions through less model-dependent phenomenological analyses. In the last section we employ a specific model to give more definite numerical predictions.
We consider the possibility of detecting vector resonances from a strong electroweak sector, in the framework of the BESS model, at future $e^+ e^-$ colliders up to the TeV range. If the mass $M_V$ of the new vector boson multiplet is not far above or if it is below the maximum machine energy, such a contribution would be manifest. The process of $W$-pair production by $e^+e^-$ annihilation allows for sensitive tests of the strong sector, especially if the $W$ polarizations are reconstructed. Contribution to the proceedings of the Workshop on Physics and Experiment at Linear $e^+ e^-$ Colliders - Munich, Annecy, Hamburg 1993.
We perform an analysis of two-body non leptonic decays of $B$ and $B_s$ mesons in the factorization approximation. We make use of the semileptonic decay amplitudes previously calculated on the basis of an effective lagrangian satisfying chiral and heavy quark symmetries and including spin 1 resonances. Exclusive semileptonic $D$-decay data are used as experimental input. Our results compare favorably with data, whenever they are available and indicate a positive value for the ratio of non leptonic coefficients $a_2/a_1$, similarly to previous studies.
Invited talk at the ``Workshop on Physics and Experiments at Linear e+e- Colliders'', Waikoloa, Hawaii, April 26-30, 1993 (presented by D. Dominici)
We make use of the information obtained from semileptonic decays of $B$ and $D$ mesons, within an effective lagrangian description based on heavy quark theory and on chiral expansion, to study the radiative decays $B \to K^\star γ$ and $B_S \to ϕγ$, and the pair conversion processes $B \to K e^+e^-$ and $B \to K^\star e^+e^-$. We discuss with care the required extrapolations from zero recoils. We obtain a BR($B\to K^\starγ$) between $1.3\times 10^{-5}$ and $4.1\times 10^{-5}$ and BR($B_s \toϕγ$) between $1.4\times 10^{-5}$ and $4.5\times 10^{-5}$, with errors mainly arising from the present uncertainty in the Kobayashi-Maskawa element $|V_{ts}|$. For the pair conversion processes we study in particular the lepton effective mass distributions whose measurements would allow for an understanding both long distance and short distance contributions to such processes.
Although no asymptotic heavy quark spin symmetry, and even more no flavor symmetry, are expected for systems such as quarkonium, a numerical discussion shows that for some processes and in a preasymptotic region which may roughly include charmonium and bottomonium, the use of the spin-symmetry may be useful in conjunction with chiral symmetry for light hadrons (soft-exchange- approximation regime, SEA). We continue our discussion of hadronic transitions in the SEA-regime by studying in particular chiral breaking transitions such as $~^3P' \to ~^3Pπ^0$, $~^3Pη$, level splittings and transitions which break both chiral and spin symmetry, such as $ψ' \to J/ψπ^0$, $J/ψη$, and $~^1P_1 \to J/ψπ^0$.
We explore the usefulness of very energetic linear $e^+e^-$ colliders in the $TeV$ range in studying an alternative scheme of electroweak symmetry breaking based on a strong interacting sector. The calculations are performed within the BESS model which contains new vector resonances. If the mass $M_V$ of the new boson multiplet lies not far from the maximum machine energy, or if it is lower, such a resonant contribution would be quite manifest. A result of our analysis is that also virtual effects are important. It appears that annihilation into a fermion pair in such machines, at the considered luminosities, would improve only marginally on existing limits if polarized beams are available and left-right asymmetries are measured. On the other hand, the process of $W$-pair production by $e^+e^-$ annihilation would allow for sensitive tests of the hypothesized strong sector, especially if the $W$ polarizations are reconstructed from their decay distributions, and the more so the higher the energy of the machine. An $e^+e^-$ collider with c.m. energy $\sqrt{s}=500~GeV$ could improve the limits on the model for the range $500<M_V(GeV)<1000$ when $W$ polarization is not reconstructed. If $W$ polarizations are reconstructed, then the bounds improve for the entire expected range of $M_V$. These bounds become more stringent for larger energy of the collider. We have also studied the detectability of the new resonances through the fusion subprocesses, but this channel does not seem to be interesting even for a collider with a c.m. energy $\sqrt{s}=2~TeV$.
A first order phase transition leading to deconfinement and chiral restoration is a likely possibility for QCD, at least in some region of the temperature-density plane. A signal for a unique transition is that the order parameters for such transitions (which can be understood in terms of symmetries only in limiting situations of very massive or massless quarks) are both discontinuous at the same critical temperature. We show that such a situation can be understood on a precise thermodynamical basis because of a general relation among discontinuities which holds for first order transitions. We derive the result by a generalization of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and also through the effective action formalism. We illustrate the theorem in an elementary example.
We introduce an effective lagrangian including negative and positive parity heavy mesons containing a heavy quark, light pseudoscalars, and light vector resonances, with their allowed interactions, using heavy quark spin-flavour symmetry, chiral symmetry, and the hidden symmetry approach for light vector resonances. On the basis of such a lagrangian, by considering the allowed weak currents and by including the contributions from the nearest unitarity poles we calculate the form factors for semileptonic decays of $B$ and $D$ mesons into light pseudoscalars and light vector resonances. The available data, together with some additional assumptions, allow for a set of predictions in the different semileptonic channels, which can be compared with those following {}from different approaches. A discussion of non-dominant terms in our approach, which attempts at including a rather complete dynamics, will however have to wait till more abundant data become available.
On the basis of an effective lagrangian incorporating approximate chiral symmetry and heavy-quark spin and flavor symmetries, and by use of information on leptonic decays, we estimate the effective $D^\star Dπ$ coupling.
We modify a chiral effective lagrangian recently suggested to describe interactions of the light pseudoscalars with mesons containing a heavy quark, so as to incorporate light vector resonances, such as $ρ$, etc. The modification uses the hidden gauge symmetry approach. As a preliminary example we present an application to the semileptonic $D\to K^\star$ decay.