arXiv subjects

R. K. Jaiman

Publications and source records attributed to R. K. Jaiman.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2021

Aeroelastic mode decomposition framework and mode selection mechanism in fluid-membrane interaction

In this study, we present a global Fourier mode decomposition framework for unsteady fluid-structure interaction. We apply the framework to isolate and extract the aeroelastic modes arising from a coupled three-dimensional fluid-membrane system. The proposed framework is employed to decompose the physical variables in the fluid and structural domains into frequency-ranked aeroelastic modes in a unified way. We observe the frequency synchronization between the vortex shedding and the structural vibration via mode decomposition analysis. We examine the role of flexibility in the aeroelastic mode selection and perform a systematic comparison of flow features among a rigid wing, a rigid cambered wing and a flexible membrane. With the aid of our mode decomposition technique, we find that the dominant structural mode exhibits a chordwise second and spanwise first mode at different angles of attack. The structural natural frequency corresponding to this mode is estimated using an approximate analytical formula. By examining the dominant frequency of the coupled system, we find that the dominant membrane vibrational mode is selected via the frequency lock-in between the dominant vortex shedding frequency and the structural natural frequency. From the fluid modes and the mode energy spectra at $α=20^\circ$ and $25^\circ$, the aeroelastic modes corresponding to the non-integer frequency components lower than the dominant frequency are found to be associated with the bluff body vortex shedding instability. The non-periodic aeroelastic response observed at higher angles of attack are related to the interaction between aeroelastic modes caused by the frequency lock-in and the bluff-body-like vortex shedding.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2021

On the fluid-structure interaction of a flexible cantilever cylinder at low Reynolds numbers

We present a numerical study to investigate the fluid-structure interaction of a flexible circular cantilever cylinder in a uniform cross-flow. We employ a fully-coupled fluid-structure solver based on the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. We examine the dynamics of the cylinder for a wide range of reduced velocities ($U^*$), mass ratios ($m^*$), and Reynolds numbers ($Re$). Of particular interest is to explore the possibility of flow-induced vibrations in a slender cantilever cylinder of aspect ratio $AR=100$ at laminar subcritical $Re$ regime (i.e., no periodic vortex shedding). We assess the extent to which such a flexible cylindrical beam can sustain flow-induced vibrations and characterize the contribution of the beam's flexibility to the stability of the wake at low $Re$. We show that when certain conditions are satisfied, the flexible cantilever cylinder undergoes sustained large-amplitude vibrations. The frequency of the oscillations is found to match the frequency of the periodic fluid forces for a particular range of system parameters. In this range, the frequency of the transverse vibrations is shown to match the first-mode natural frequency of the cylinder, indicating the existence of the lock-in phenomenon. The range of the lock-in regime is shown to have a strong dependence on $Re$ and $m^*$. We discover that unlike the steady wake behind a stationary rigid cylinder, the wake of a low mass ratio flexible cantilever cylinder could lose its stability in the lock-in regime at Reynolds numbers as low as $Re=22$. A combined VIV-galloping type instability is shown to be the possible cause of the wake instability at this $Re$ regime. These findings attempt to generalize our understanding of the flow-induced vibrations in flexible cantilever structures and can have a profound impact on the development of novel flow-measurement sensors.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2019

A Hybrid Data-driven Deep Learning Technique for Fluid-Structure Interaction

This paper is concerned with the development of a hybrid data-driven technique for unsteady fluid-structure interaction systems. The proposed data-driven technique combines the deep learning framework with a projection-based low-order modeling. While the deep learning provides low-dimensional approximations from datasets arising from black-box solvers, the projection-based model constructs the low-dimensional approximations by projecting the original high-dimensional model onto a low-dimensional subspace. Of particular interest of this paper is to predict the long time series of unsteady flow fields of a freely vibrating bluff-body subjected to wake-body synchronization. We consider convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the learning dynamics of wake-body interaction, which assemble layers of linear convolutions with nonlinear activations to automatically extract the low-dimensional flow features. Using the high-fidelity time series data from the stabilized finite element Navier-Stokes solver, we first project the dataset to a low-dimensional subspace by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique. The time-dependent coefficients of the POD subspace are mapped to the flow field via a CNN with nonlinear rectification, and the CNN is iteratively trained using the stochastic gradient descent method to predict the POD time coefficient when a new flow field is fed to it. The time-averaged flow field, the POD basis vectors, and the trained CNN are used to predict the long time series of the flow fields and the flow predictions are quantitatively assessed with the full-order (high-dimensional) simulation data. The proposed POD-CNN model based on the data-driven approximation has a remarkable accuracy in the entire fluid domain including the highly nonlinear near wake region behind a freely vibrating bluff body.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2018

On the turbulent flow field over riblets of various groove sizes at low Reynolds number

In this work, low Reynolds number turbulent flow through a corrugated channel, formed by standard V-groove riblets, are investigated via direct numerical simulations (DNS). The simulations attempt to assess the variation of flow dynamics caused by a change in the characteristic size of the V-groove riblets. Such characterization of size effects provides a means to identify the local flow features arising from fluid-riblet interaction, and to investigate their relevance to the change in viscous drag and turbulence statistics. The present simulations confirmed an improved variation trend when the flow dynamics is examined in the light of the groove size. At the lower end of the range of groove size considered, the profiles of turbulence statistics more or less resemble the plane channel flow, except for a systematic shift with the groove size. When the groove size becomes increasingly large, the lodging of near-wall flow structures and the generation of mean secondary flows tend to be more apparent. The collective impact of the lodging of flow structures and the mean secondary flow correlates with the increase in viscous drag, and leads to significant alterations of the turbulence statistics.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2018

Dynamics of gap flow interference in a vibrating side-by-side arrangement of two circular cylinders at moderate Reynolds number

In this work, the coupled dynamics of the gap flow and the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) on a side-by-side (SBS) arrangement of two circular cylinders is numerically investigated at moderate Reynolds number 100 < Re < 800. Of particular interest is to establish a relationship between the VIV, the gap flow and the near-wake instability behind bluff bodies. We find that the kinematics of the VIV regulates the streamwise vorticity concentration, which accompanies with a recovery of two-dimensional hydrodynamic responses at the peak lock-in stage. On the other hand, the near-wake instability may develop around an in-determinant two-dimensional streamline saddle point along the interfaces of a pair of imbalanced counter-signed vorticity clusters. The vorticity concentration difference of adjacent vorticity clusters and the fluid momentum are closely interlinked with the prominence of streamwise vortical structures. In both SSBS and VSBS arrangements, the flip-flopping frequency is significantly low for the three-dimensional flow, except at the VIV lock-in stage for the VSBS arrangement. A quasi-stable deflected gap flow regime with negligible spanwise hydrodynamic (i.e., two-dimensional) response is found at the peak lock-in stage of VSBS arrangements. Owing to the gap-flow proximity interference, a high streamwise vorticity concentration is observed in its narrow near-wake region. The increase of the gap-flow proximity interference tends to stabilize the VIV lock-in, which eventually amplifies the spanwise correlation length and weakens the streamwise vortical structures. We employ the dynamic mode decomposition procedure to characterize the space-time evolution of the primary vortex wake.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2017

On the Mechanism of Large Amplitude Flapping of Inverted Foil in a Uniform Flow

An elastic foil interacting with a uniform flow with its trailing edge clamped, also known as the inverted foil, exhibits a wide range of complex self-induced flapping regimes such as large amplitude flapping (LAF), deformed and flipped flapping. Here, we perform three-dimensional numerical experiments to examine the role of vortex shedding and the vortex-vortex interaction on the LAF response at Reynolds number Re=30,000. Here we investigate the dynamics of the inverted foil for a novel configuration wherein we introduce a fixed splitter plate at the trailing edge to suppress the vortex shedding from trailing edge and inhibit the interaction between the counter-rotating vortices. We find that the inhibition of the interaction has an insignificant effect on the transverse flapping amplitudes, due to a relatively weaker coupling between the counter-rotating vortices emanating from the leading edge and trailing edge. However, the inhibition of the trailing edge vortex reduces the streamwise flapping amplitude, the flapping frequency and the net strain energy of foil. To further generalize our understanding of the LAF, we next perform low-Reynolds number (Re$\in[0.1,50]$) simulations for the identical foil properties to realize the impact of vortex shedding on the large amplitude flapping. Due to the absence of vortex shedding process in the low-$Re$ regime, the inverted foil no longer exhibits the periodic flapping. However, the flexible foil still loses its stability through divergence instability to undergo a large static deformation. Finally, we introduce an analogous analytical model for the LAF based on the dynamics of an elastically mounted flat plate undergoing flow-induced pitching oscillations in a uniform stream.

physics.flu-dyn↗