arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R. P. Roussev.
A natural embedding $A_{m-1}\oplus A_{n-1}\subset A_{mn-1}$ for the corresponding quantum algebras is constructed through the appropriate comultiplication on the generators of each of the $A_{m-1}$ and $A_{n-1}$ algebras. The above embedding is proved in their $q$-boson realization by means of the isomorphism between the $\mathcal{A}_q^{-}$ (mn)$\sim {\otimes} ^n \mathcal{A}_q^{-}$(m)$\sim {\otimes}^m\mathcal{A}_q^{-}$(n) algebras.
``Beat'' patterns are shown to appear in the octupole bands of several actinides and rare earths, their appearance being independent from the formula used in order to isolate and demonstrate them. It is shown that the recent formalism, making use of discrete approximations to derivatives of the transition energies (or of the energy levels) gives results consistent with the traditional formulae. In both regions it is seen that the first vanishing of the staggering occurs at higher values of the angular momentum I in nuclei exhibiting higher staggering at low I. Since these nuclei happen to be good rotators, the observed slow decrease of the amplitude of the staggering with increasing I is in good agreement with the parameter independent predictions of the su(3) (rotational) limit of several algebraic models. In the actinides it has been found that within each series of isotopes the odd-even staggering exhibits minima at N=134 and N=146, while a local maximum is shown at N=142, these findings being in agreement with the recent suggestion of a secondary maximum of octupole deformation around N=146.
It is shown that the recently observed Delta J = 2 staggering effect (i.e. the relative displacement of the levels with angular momenta J, J+4, J+8, ..., relatively to the levels with angular momenta J+2, J+6, J+10, ...) seen in superdeformed nuclear bands is also occurring in certain electronically excited rotational bands of diatomic molecules (YD, CrD, CrH, CoH), in which it is attributed to interband interactions (bandcrossings). In addition, the Delta J = 1 staggering effect (i.e. the relative displacement of the levels with even angular momentum J with respect to the levels of the same band with odd J) is studied in molecular bands free from Delta J = 2 staggering (i.e. free from interband interactions/bandcrossings). Bands of YD offer evidence for the absence of any Delta J = 1 staggering effect due to the disparity of nuclear masses, while bands of sextet electronic states of CrD demonstrate that Delta J = 1 staggering is a sensitive probe of deviations from rotational behaviour, due in this particular case to the spin-rotation and spin-spin interactions.
We propose a collective Hamiltonian which incorporates the standard quadrupole terms, octupole terms classified according to the irreducible representations of the octahedron group, a quadrupole-octupole interaction, as well as a term for the bandhead energy linear in K (the projection of angular momentum on the body-fixed z-axis). The energy is subsequently minimized with respect to K for each given value of the angular momentum I, resulting in K values increasing with I within each band, even in the case in which K is restricted to a set of microscopically plausible values. We demonstrate that this Hamiltonian is able to reproduce a variety of ``beat'' patterns observed recently for the odd-even staggering in octupole bands of light actinides.
It is shown that the recently observed Delta I = 2 staggering seen in superdeformed nuclear bands is also occurring in certain electronically excited rotational bands of diatomic molecules. In the case of diatomic molecules the effect is attributed to interband interactions (bandcrossings).
We propose a collective Hamiltonian which incorporates interactions capable to generate rotations in nuclei with simultaneous presence of octupole and quadrupole deformations. It is demonstrated that the model formalism could be applied to reproduce the staggering effects observed in nuclear octupole bands. On this basis we propose that the interactions involved would provide a relevant handle in the study of collective phenomena in nuclei and other quantum mechanical systems with reflection asymmetry correlations.
The Delta I = 1 staggering (odd--even staggering) in octupole bands of light actinides is found to exhibit a ``beat'' behaviour as a function of the angular momentum I, forcing us to revise the traditional belief that this staggering decreases gradually to zero and then remains at this zero value. Various algebraic models (spf-Interacting Boson Model, spdf-IBM, Vector Boson Model, Nuclear Vibron Model) are shown to predict in their su(3) limits constant staggering for this case, being thus unable to describe the ``beat'' behaviour. An explanation of the ``beat'' behaviour is given in terms of two Dunham expansions (expansions in terms of powers of I(I+1)) with slightly different sets of coefficients for the ground state band and the negative parity band, the difference in the values of the coefficients being attributed to Coriolis couplings to other negative parity bands. Similar ``beat'' patterns have already been seen in rotational bands of some diatomic molecules, like AgH.
We study the fine structure of nuclear rotational spectra on the basis of both dynamical and discrete symmetry approaches. In this framework we show that the odd--even (Delta I = 1) staggering effects observed in various rotational bands carry detailed information about the collective band-mixing interactions and the collective shape properties of heavy nuclei.
Quantum algebras (also called quantum groups) are deformed versions of the usual Lie algebras, to which they reduce when the deformation parameter q is set equal to unity. From the mathematical point of view they are Hopf algebras. Their use in physics became popular with the introduction of the q-deformed harmonic oscillator as a tool for providing a boson realization of the quantum algebra SUq(2), although similar mathematical structures had already been known. Initially used for solving the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, quantum algebras have subsequently found applications in several branches of physics, as, for example, in the description of spin chains, squeezed states, hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like spectra, rotational and vibrational nuclear and molecular spectra, and in conformal field theories. By now much work has been done on the q-deformed oscillator and its relativistic extensions, and several kinds of generalized deformed oscillators and SU(2) algebras have been introduced. Here we shall confine ourselves to a list of applications of quantum algebras in nuclear structure physics and in molecular physics and, in addition, a recent application of quantum algebraic techniques to the structure of atomic clusters will be discussed in more detail.
Magic numbers predicted by a 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator with Uq(3)>SOq(3) symmetry are compared to experimental data for atomic clusters of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), noble metals (Cu, Ag, Au), divalent metals (Zn, Cd), and trivalent metals (Al, In), as well as to theoretical predictions of jellium models, Woods-Saxon and wine bottle potentials, and to the classification scheme using the 3n+l pseudo quantum number. In alkali metal clusters and noble metal clusters the 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator correctly predicts all experimentally observed magic numbers up to 1500 (which is the expected limit of validity for theories based on the filling of electronic shells), while in addition it gives satisfactory results for the magic numbers of clusters of divalent metals and trivalent metals, thus indicating that Uq(3), which is a nonlinear extension of the U(3) symmetry of the spherical (3-dimensional isotropic) harmonic oscillator, is a good candidate for being the symmetry of systems of several metal clusters. The Taylor expansions of angular momentum dependent potentials approximately producing the same spectrum as the 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator are found to be similar to the Taylor expansions of the symmetrized Woods-Saxon and wine-bottle symmetrized Woods-Saxon potentials, which are known to provide successful fits of the Ekardt potentials.
It is proposed that the odd-even staggering (OES) in the $γ$- bands of heavy deformed nuclei can be reasonably characterized by a discrete approximation of the fourth derivative of the odd-even energy difference as a function of angular momentum $L$. This quantity exhibits a well developed staggering pattern (zigzagging behavior with alternating signs) in rare earth nuclei and actinides with long $γ$- bands ($L\geq 10$). It is shown that the OES can be interpreted reasonably as the result of the interaction of the $γ$ band with the ground band in the framework of a Vector Boson Model with SU(3) dynamical symmetry. The model energy expression reproduces successfully the staggering pattern in all considered nuclei up to $L=12-13$. The general behavior of the OES effect in rotational regions is studied in terms of the ground--$γ$ band-mixing interaction, showing that strong OES effect occurs in regions with strong ground--$γ$ band-mixing interaction. The approach used allows a detailed comparison of the OES in $γ$ bands with the other kinds of staggering effects in nuclei and diatomic molecules.
We derive analytic expressions for the energies and $B(E2)$-transition probabilities in the states of the ground and $γ$ bands of heavy deformed nuclei within a collective Vector-Boson Model with SU(3) dynamical symmetry. On this basis we examine the analytic behavior of the SU(3) energy splitting and the B(E2) interband transition ratios in the SU(3) contraction limits of the model. The theoretical analyses outline physically reasonable ways in which the ground-$γ$ band coupling vanishes. The experimental data on the lowest collective states of even-even rare earth nuclei and actinides strongly support the theoretical results. They suggest that a transition from the ground-$γ$ band coupling scheme to a scheme in which the ground band is situated in a separate irreducible representation of SU(3) should be realized towards the midshell regions. We propose that generally the SU(3) group contraction process should play an important role for such a kind of transitions in any collective band coupling scheme in heavy deformed nuclei.
Magic numbers predicted by a 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator with Uq(3) > SOq(3) symmetry are compared to experimental data for alkali metal clusters, as well as to theoretical predictions of jellium models, Woods--Saxon and wine bottle potentials, and to the classification scheme using the 3n+l pseudo quantum number. The 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator correctly predicts all experimentally observed magic numbers up to 1500 (which is the expected limit of validity for theories based on the filling of electronic shells), thus indicating that Uq(3), which is a nonlinear extension of the U(3) symmetry of the spherical (3-dimensional isotropic) harmonic oscillator, is a good candidate for being the symmetry of systems of alkali metal clusters.
A collective vector-boson model with broken SU(3) symmetry, in which the ground state band and the lowest $γ$ band belong to the same irreducible representation but are non-degenerate, is applied to several deformed even-even nuclei. The model description of ground and $γ$ bands together with the corresponding B(E2) transition probabilities is investigated within a broad range of SU(3) irreducible representations $(λ,μ)$. The calculations show that the $(λ,μ)$ characteristics of rotational nuclei depend to a great extent on the magnitude of the SU(3) splitting between the ground and $γ$ bands. It is found that for weakly split spectra, the ground--$γ$ band coupling scheme is realized relevantly within narrow regions of ``favored'' $(λ,μ)$ multiplets, while in the cases of strong splitting a description in which the ground band is situated alone in an irreducible representation is favored. The obtained results are analyzed in terms of the bandmixing interactions. The possibility for a transition between the different collective SU(3) schemes is discussed.
Recent progress in two different fronts is reported. First, the concept of bisection of a harmonic oscillator (HO) or hydrogen atom (HA), used in the past in establishing the connection between U(3) and O(4), is generalized into multisection (trisection, tetrasection, etc). It is then shown that all symmetries of the N-dim anisotropic HO with rational ratios of frequencies (RHO), some of which are underlying the structure of superdeformed and hyperdeformed nuclei, can be obtained from the U(N) symmetry of the corresponding isotropic HO with an appropriate combination of multisections. Furthermore, it is seen that bisections of the N-dim HA, which possesses an O(N+1) symmetry, lead to the U(N) symmetry, so that further multisections of the HA lead to the symmetries of the N-dim RHO. Second, it is shown that there is evidence that the recently observed in superdeformed nuclear bands $ΔI=4$ bifurcation is also occuring in rotational bands of diatomic molecules. In addition there is evidence that a $ΔI=8$ bifurcation, of the same order of magnitude as the $ΔI=4$ one, is observed in superdeformed nuclear bands and rotational bands of diatomic molecules.
A simplified boson realization of the $so_q(3)$ subalgebra of $u_q(3)$ is constructed. A simplified form of the corresponding $so_q(3)$ basis states is obtained. The reduced matrix elements of a special second-rank tensor operator (quadrupole operator) are calculated in the $so_q(3)$ basis.
It is shown that the recently observed $ΔI=4$ bifurcation seen in superdeformed nuclear bands is also occurring in rotational bands of diatomic molecules. In addition, signs of a $ΔI=8$ bifurcation, of the same order of magnitude as the $ΔI=4$ one, are observed both in superdeformed nuclear bands and rotational bands of diatomic molecules.
The SU$_q$(2) rotator model is used for describing the $β_1$- and $γ_1$-bands of even-even rare earth and actinide collective nuclei. Good results are obtained in nuclei with valence pair number $N>10$. It is shown that in the excited bands the violation of the exact SU(2) symmetry is generally stronger than in the ground state bands, indicating the presence of a nonadiabatic perturbation caused by the excited vibrational degrees of freedom. The physical content of the parameter $q$ is discussed. Predictions of the SU$_q$(2) model for B(E2) intraband transitions in excited bands are presented and the need for specific experimental data is pointed out.