Two-Dimensional Short-Range Chemical Ordering in Ba1-xNaxFe2As2
A true understanding of the properties of pnictide superconductors require the development of high-quality materials and performing measurements designed to unravel their intrinsic properties and short-range nematic correlations which are often obscured by extrinsic effects such as poor crystallinity, inhomogeneity, domain formation and twinning. In this paper, we report the systematic growth of high-quality Na-substituted BaFe2As2 single crystals and their characterization using pulsed-magnetic fields x-ray diffraction and x-ray diffuse scattering. Analysis of the properties and compositions of the highest quality crystals show that their actual Na stoichiometry is about 50-60% of the nominal content and that the targeted production of crystals with specific compositions is accessible. We derived a reliable equation to estimate the Na stoichiometry based on the measured superconducting TC of these materials. Attempting to force spin reorientation and induce tetragonality, orthorhombic Ba1-xNaxFe2As2 single crystals subjected to out-of-plane magnetic fields up to 31.4T are found to exhibit strong in-plane magnetic anisotropy demonstrated by the insufficiency of such high fields in manipulating the relative population of their twinned domains or in suppressing the orthorhombic order. Broad x-ray diffuse intensity rods observed at temperatures between 30 K and 300 K uncover short-range structural correlations. Local structure modeling together with 3D-{\Delta}PDF mapping of real-space interatomic vectors show that the diffuse scattering arises from in-plane short-range chemical correlations of the Ba and Na atoms coupled with short-range atomic displacements within the same plane due to an effective size difference between the two atomic species.