arXiv subjects

Rafael A. Porto

Publications and source records attributed to Rafael A. Porto.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2009

Spin(1)Spin(2) Effects in the Motion of Inspiralling Compact Binaries at Third Order in the Post-Newtonian Expansion

We use effective field theory techniques to compute the potentials due to spin-spin and spin-orbit effects, from which the spin(1)spin(2) contribution to the motion of spinning compact binaries to third Post-Newtonian (PN) order follow. We use a formalism which allows us to impose the spin supplementarity condition (SSC) in a canonical framework to all orders in the PN expansion. We explicitly show the equivalence with our previous results, obtained using the Newton-Wigner SSC at the level of the action for spin-spin and spin-orbit potentials reported in arXiv:gr-qc/0604099 and arXiv:0712.2032[gr-qc] respectively.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2008

The Private Higgs

We introduce Higgs democracy in the Yukawa sector by constructing a model with a private Higgs and a dark scalar for each fermion thus addressing the large hierarchy among fermion masses. The model has interesting implications for the LHC, while the Standard Model phenomenology is recovered at low energies. We discuss some phenomenological implications such as FCNC, new Higgses at the TeV scale and dark matter candidates.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2008

Neutrino Mixing and the Private Higgs

We extend the Private Higgs scenario to account for charged lepton and neutrino masses by introducing a private Higgs field for each lepton family. We analyze a model in which neutrino Majorana masses are radiatively induced. Contrary to previous models the neutrino mass scale ~ 10^{-2} eV is naturally obtained without excessive fine tunings. The model requires the introduction of SU(2) singlet scalar fields, two charged and one neutral. We discuss a possible realization giving a normal neutrino mass hierarchy. Our model fits data and predicts a non-zero V_{e3}.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2008

Loss of entanglement in quantum mechanics due to the use of realistic measuring rods

We show that the use of real measuring rods in quantum mechanics places a fundamental gravitational limit to the level of entanglement that one can ultimately achieve in quantum systems. The result can be seen as a direct consequence of the fundamental gravitational limitations in the measurements of length and time in realistic physical systems. The effect may have implications for long distance teleportation and the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2007

Comment on `On the next-to-leading order gravitational spin(1)-spin(2) dynamics' by J. Steinhoff et al

In this comment we explain the discrepancy found between the results in arXiv:0712.1716v1 for the 3PN spin-spin potential and those previously derived in gr-qc/0604099. We point out that to compare one must include sub-leading lower order spin-orbit effects which contribute to the spin-spin potential once one transforms to the PN frame. When these effects are included the results in arXiv:0712.1716v1 do indeed reproduce those found in gr-qc/0604099.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

Scalar gravity: Post-Newtonian corrections via an effective field theory approach

The problem of motion in General Relativity has lost its academic status and become an active research area since the next generation of gravity wave detectors will rely upon its solution. Here we will show, within scalar gravity, how ideas borrowed from Quantum Field Theory can be used to solve the problem of motion in a systematic fashion. We will concentrate in Post-Newtonian corrections. We will calculate the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann action and show how a systematic perturbative expansion puts strong constraints on the couplings of non-derivative interactions in the theory.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

New results at 3PN via an effective field theory of gravity

NRGR, an Effective Field Theory approach to gravity, has emerged as a powerful tool to systematically compute higher order corrections in the Post-Newtonian expansion. Here we discuss in somehow more detail the recently reported new results for the spin-spin gravitational potential at third Post-Newtonian order.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Falsifying Models of New Physics Via WW Scattering

We show that the coefficients of operators in the electroweak chiral Lagrangian can be bounded if the underlying theory obeys the usual assumptions of Lorentz invariance, analyticity, unitarity and crossing to arbitrarily short distances. Violations of these bounds can be explained by either the existence of new physics below the naive cut-off of the the effective theory, or by the breakdown of one of these assumptions in the short distance theory. As a corollary, if no light resonances are found, then a measured violation of the bound would falsify generic models of string theory.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2006

The Hyperfine Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann Potential

We use recently developed effective field theory techniques to calculate the third order post-Newtonian correction to the spin-spin potential between two spinning objects. This correction represents the first contribution to the spin-spin interaction due to the non-linear nature of general relativity and will play an important role in forthcoming gravity wave experiments.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Post-Newtonian corrections to the motion of spinning bodies in NRGR

In this paper we include spin and multipole moment effects in the formalism used to describe the motion of extended objects recently introduced in hep-th/0409156. A suitable description for spinning bodies is developed and spin-orbit, spin-spin and quadrupole-spin Hamiltonians are found at leading order. The existence of tidal, as well as self induced finite size effects is shown, and the contribution to the Hamiltonian is calculated in the latter. It is shown that tidal deformations start formally at O(v^6) and O(v^10) for maximally rotating general and compact objects respectively, whereas self induced effects can show up at leading order. Agreement is found for the cases where the results are known.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2005

Fundamental gravitational limitations to quantum computing

Lloyd has considered the ultimate limitations physics places on quantum computers. He concludes in particular that for an ``ultimate laptop'' (a computer of one liter of volume and one kilogram of mass) the maximum number of operations per second is bounded by $10^{51}$. The limit is derived considering ordinary quantum mechanics. Here we consider additional limits that are placed by quantum gravity ideas, namely the use of a relational notion of time and fundamental gravitational limits that exist on time measurements. We then particularize for the case of an ultimate laptop and show that the maximum number of operations is further constrained to $10^{47}$ per second.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2003

A physical distinction between a covariant and non covariant reduction process in relativistic quantum theories

Causality imposes strong restrictions on the type of operators that may be observables in relativistic quantum theories. In fact, causal violations arise when computing conditional probabilities for certain partial causally connected measurements using the standard non covariant procedure. Here we introduce another way of computing conditional probabilities, based on an intrinsic covariant relational order of the events, which differs from the standard one when these type of measurements are included. This alternative procedure is compatible with a wider and very natural class of operators without breaking causality. If some of these measurements could be implemented in practice as predicted by our formalism, the non covariant, conventional approach should be abandoned. Furthermore, the description we promote here would imply a new physical effect where interference terms are suppressed as a consequence of the covariant order in the measurement process.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2002

Relational Description of the Measurement Process in Quantum Field Theory

We have recently introduced a realistic, covariant, interpretation for the reduction process in relativistic quantum mechanics. The basic problem for a covariant description is the dependence of the states on the frame within which collapse takes place. A suitable use of the causal structure of the devices involved in the measurement process allowed us to introduce a covariant notion for the collapse of quantum states. However, a fully consistent description in the relativistic domain requires the extension of the interpretation to quantum fields. The extension is far from straightforward. Besides the obvious difficulty of dealing with the infinite degrees of freedom of the field theory, one has to analyze the restrictions imposed by causality concerning the allowed operations in a measurement process. In this paper we address these issues. We shall show that, in the case of partial causally connected measurements, our description allows us to include a wider class of causal operations than the one resulting from the standard way for computing conditional probabilities. This alternative description could be experimentally tested. A verification of this proposal would give a stronger support to the realistic interpretations of the states in quantum mechanics.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2002

Relational Reality in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Up to now it has been impossible to find a realistic interpretation for the reduction process in relativistic quantum mechanics. The basic problem is the dependence of the states on the frame within which collapse takes place. A suitable use of the causal structure of the devices involved in the measurement process allows us to introduce a covariant notion for the collapse of quantum states.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2001

Relational time in generally covariant quantum systems: four models

We analize the relational quantum evolution of generally covariant systems in terms of Rovelli's evolving constants of motion and the generalized Heisenberg picture. In order to have a well defined evolution, and a consistent quantum theory, evolving constants must be self-adjoint operators. We show that this condition imposes strong restrictions to the choices of the clock variables. We analize four cases. The first one is non- relativistic quantum mechanics in parametrized form. We show that, for the free particle case, the standard choice of time is the only one leading to self-adjoint evolving constants. Secondly, we study the relativistic case. We show that the resulting quantum theory is the free particle representation of the Klein Gordon equation in which the position is a perfectly well defined quantum observable. The admissible choices of clock variables are the ones leading to space-like simultaneity surfaces. In order to mimic the structure of General Relativity we study the SL(2R) model with two Hamiltonian constraints. The evolving constants depend in this case on three independent variables. We show that it is possible to find clock variables and inner products leading to a consistent quantum theory. Finally, we discuss the quantization of a constrained model having a compact constraint surface. All the models considered may be consistently quantized, although some of them do not admit any time choice such that the equal time surfaces are transversal to the orbits.

gr-qc↗