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Rafal Maciula

Publications and source records attributed to Rafal Maciula.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

$J/ψ$-meson production within improved color evaporation model with the $k_{T}$-factorization approach for $c\bar{c}$ production

We use a new approach to color evaporation model (CEM) for quarkonium production. The production of $c\bar c$ pairs is performed within $k_T$-factorization approach using different unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDF) from the literature. We include all recent improvements to color evaporation model. We cannot describe simultaneously mid and forward rapidity data measured at the LHC when using the KMR UGDF with the same normalization parameter. Furthermore we get somewhat too hard distribution in $J/ψ$ transverse momentum. Correcting the standard KMR distributions for saturation effects at small values of $x$ improves $J/ψ$ rapidity distributions, while taking correction for emissions hidden in the KMR UGDF in the evaluation of $x$ values improves a bit $J/ψ$ transverse momentum distributions. The modifications improve also description of the LHCb $D$-meson data.

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From $D_{s}^{\pm}$ production asymmetry at the LHC to prompt $ν_τ$ at IceCube

The description of the heavy meson production at large energies and forward rapidities at the LHC is fundamental to derive realistic predictions of the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux at the IceCube Observatory. In particular, the prompt tau neutrino flux is determined by the decay of $D_s$ mesons produced in cosmic ray - air interactions at high energies and large values of the Feynman - $x_F$ variable. Recent data from the LHCb Collaboration indicate a production asymmetry for $D_s^+$ and $D_s^-$ mesons, which cannot be explained in terms of the standard modelling of the hadronization process. In this paper we demonstrate that this asymmetry can be described assuming an asymmetric strange sea ($s(x) \ne \bar s(x)$) in the proton wave function and taking into account of the charm and strange fragmentation into $D_s$ mesons. Moreover, we show that the strange quark fragmentation contribution is dominant at large - $x_F$ ($\ge 0.3$). The prompt $ν_τ$ flux is calculated and the enhancement associated to the strange quark fragmentation contribution, disregarded in previous calculations, is estimated.

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Simultaneous production of D and B mesons

We present results of our studies of double-parton scattering (DPS) effects in simultaneous production of heavy flavour mesons (charm and bottom). We discuss production of charm-bottom and bottom-bottom meson-meson pairs in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The calculation of DPS mechanism is performed within factorized ansatz where each parton scattering is calculated within $k_T$-factorization approach. The hadronization is done with the help of fragmentation functions. For completeness we compare results for double- and single-parton scattering (SPS). The SPS components are also calculated in the $k_{T}$-factorization with the help of KaTie Monte Carlo generator. As in the case of double charm production also here the DPS dominates over the SPS, especially for small transverse momenta. We present several distributions and integrated cross sections with realistic cuts for simultaneous production of $D^0 B^+$ and $B^+ B^+$, suggesting future experimental studies at the LHC.

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$D \bar D$ asymmetry at low and high energies and possible consequences for prompt atmospheric neutrinos

We discuss the role of unfavoured light quark/antiquark to $D$ meson fragmentation. The unknown parameters of fragmentation process are adjusted to describe the asymmetry for $D^+$ and $D^-$ production measured by the LHCb. Predictions for similar asymmetry for neutral $D$ mesons are presented. The predicted asymmetry at large rapidity (or $x_F$) are very large which is related to the valence-quark contribution. As a result, prompt atmospheric neutrino flux at high neutrino energies can be much larger than for the conventional $c \to D$ fragmentation. We predict large rapidity-dependent $D^+/D^-$ and $D^0/{\bar D}^0$ asymmetries for low ($\sqrt{s} =$ 20 - 100 GeV) energies. The $q/\bar q \to D$ fragmentation leads to enhanced production of $D$ mesons at low energies. Predictions for fixed target $p+^{4}\!\textrm{He}$ collisions relevant for a fixed target LHCb experiment are discussed.

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Production of $Λ_c$ baryons at the LHC within the $k_T$-factorization approach and independent parton fragmentation picture

We calculate cross section for production of $D$ mesons and $Λ_c$ baryons in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The cross section for production of $c \bar c$ pairs is calculated within $k_T$-factorization approach with the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin unintegrated gluon distributions obtained on the basis of modern collinear gluon distribution functions. We show that our approach well describes the $D^0$, $D^+$ and $D_s$ experimental data. We try to understand recent ALICE and LHCb data for $Λ_c$ production with the $c \to Λ_c$ independent parton fragmentation approach. The Peterson fragmentation functions are used. The $f_{c \to Λ_c}$ fragmentation fraction and $\varepsilon_{c}^Λ$ parameter for $c \to Λ_c$ are varied. As a control plot we show transverse momentum distribution of different species of $D$ mesons assuming standard values of the $f_{c \to D}$ fragmentation fractions known from the literature. The fraction $f_{c \to Λ_c}$ neccessary to describe the ALICE data is much larger than the average value obtained from $e^+ e^-$ or $e p$ experiments. No drastic modification of the shape of fragmentation function is allowed by the new ALICE and LHCb data for $Λ_c$ production. We also discuss a possible dependence of the $Λ_c/ D^0$ baryon-to-meson ratio on rapidity and transverse momentum as seems observed recently by the ALICE and LHCb collaborations. Three different effects are considered: the value of $\varepsilon_c^Λ$ parameter in Peterson fragmentation function for $c \to Λ_c$, a kinematical effect related to the hadronization prescription and a possible feed-down from higher charmed-baryon excitations. It seems very difficult, if not impossible, to understand the ALICE data within the considered independent parton fragmentation scheme.

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Double-parton scattering effects in $D^{0}B^{+}$ and $B^{+}B^{+}$ meson-meson pair production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

We extend our previous studies of double-parton scattering (DPS) to simultaneous production of $c \bar c$ and $b \bar b$ and production of two pairs of $b \bar b$. The calculation is performed within factorized ansatz. Each parton scattering is calculated within $k_T$-factorization approach. The hadronization is done with the help of fragmentation functions. Production of $D$ mesons in our framework was tested in our previous works. Here we present our predictions for $B$ mesons. A good agreement is achieved with the LHCb data. We present our results for $c \bar c b \bar b$ and $b \bar b b \bar b$ final states. For completeness we compare results for double- and single-parton scattering (SPS). As for $c \bar c c \bar c$ final state also here the DPS dominates over the SPS, especially for small transverse momenta. We present several distributions and integrated cross sections with realistic cuts for simultaneous production of $D^0 B^+$ and $B^+ B^+$, suggesting future experimental studies at the LHC.

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D meson production asymmetry, unfavoured fragmentation and consequences for prompt atmospheric neutrino production

We consider unfavoured light quark/antiquark to $D$ meson fragmentation. We discuss nonperturbative effects for small transverse momenta. The asymmetry for $D^+$ and $D^-$ production measured by the LHCb collaboration provides natural constraints on the parton (quark/antiquark) fragmentation functions. We find that already a fraction of $q/{\bar q} \to D$ fragmentation probability is sufficient to account for the measured asymmetry. We make predictions for similar asymmetry for neutral $D$ mesons. Large $D$-meson production asymmetries are found for large $x_F$ which is related to dominance of light quark/antiquark $q/\bar q \to D$ fragmentation over the standard $c \to D$ fragmentation. As a consequence, prompt atmospheric neutrino flux at high neutrino energies can be much larger than for the conventional $c \to D$ fragmentation. The latter can constitute a sizeable background for the cosmic neutrinos claimed to be observed recently by the IceCube Observatory. Large rapidity-dependent $D^+/D^-$ and $D^0/{\bar D}^0$ asymmetries are predicted for low ($\sqrt{s} =$ 20 - 100 GeV) energies. The $q/\bar q \to D$ fragmentation leads to enhanced production of $D$ mesons at low energies. At $\sqrt{s}$ = 20 GeV the enhancement factor with respect to the conventional contribution is larger than a factor of five. In the considered picture the large-$x_F$ $D$ mesons are produced dominantly via fragmentation of light quarks/antiquarks. Predictions for fixed target $p+^{4}\!\textrm{He}$ collisions relevant for a fixed target LHCb experiment are presented.

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Triple parton scattering effects in $D$-meson production at the LHC

We study triple-parton scattering effects in open charm production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. Predictions for one, two and three $c\bar c$ pairs production are given for $\sqrt{s}= 7$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV. Quite large cross sections, of the order of milibarns, for the triple-parton scattering mechanism are obtained. We suggest a measurement of three $D^{0}$ or three $\bar{D^{0}}$ mesons by the LHCb collaboration. The predicted visible cross sections are of the order of a few nanobarns. The counting rates including $D^{0} \to K^{-}π^{+}$ branching fractions are also given. We predict that at $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV a few thousands of events of triple-$D^{0}$ production can be observed by the LHCb collaboration.

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Associated production of $D$-mesons with jets at the LHC

We present several differential distributions for the associated production of charm and dijets. Both single-parton scattering (SPS) and double-parton scattering (DPS) contributions are calculated in the $k_T$-factorization approach. We have found regions of the phase space where the SPS contribution is negligible compared to the DPS one. The distribution in transverse momentum of charmed mesons as well as azimuthal correlations ($D^0\mathrm{\textit{-jet}}$, $D^0 \overline{D^0}$) can be used for experimental identification of the DPS effects.

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Mapping the dominant regions of the phase space associated with $c \bar c$ production relevant for the Prompt Atmospheric Neutrino Flux

We present a detailed mapping of the dominant kinematical domains contributing to the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux at high neutrino energies by studying its sensitivity to the cuts on several kinematical variables crucial for charm production in cosmic ray scattering in the atmosphere. This includes the maximal center-of-mass energy for proton-proton scattering, the longitudinal momentum fractions of partons in the projectile (cosmic ray) and target (nucleus of the atmosphere), the Feynman $x_F$ variable and the transverse momentum of charm quark/antiquark. We find that the production of neutrinos with energies larger than $E_ν >$ 10$^7$ GeV is particularly sensitive to the center-of-mass energies larger than the ones at the LHC and to the longitudinal momentum fractions in the projectile 10$^{-8}$ $< x <$ 10$^{-5}$. Clearly, these are regions where we do not control the parton, in particular gluon, densities. We also analyse the characteristic theoretical uncertainties in the charm production cross section coming from its QCD modelling. The precision data on the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux can efficiently constrain the mechanism of heavy quark production and underlying QCD dynamics in kinematical ranges beyond the reach of the current collider measurements.

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Double-parton scattering effects in associated production of charm mesons and dijets at the LHC

We calculate several differential distributions for the production of charm and dijets. Both single-parton scattering (SPS) and double-parton scattering (DPS) contributions are calculated in the $k_T$-factorization approach. The Kimber-Martin-Ryskin unintegrated parton distributions are used in our calculations. Relatively low cuts on jet transverse momenta are imposed to enhance the double-parton scattering mechanism contribution. We find dominance of the DPS contribution over the SPS one. We have found regions of the phase space where the SPS contribution is negligible compared to the DPS contribution. The distribution in transverse momentum of charm quark/antiquark or charmed mesons can be used to observe transition from the dominance of DPS at low transvsverse momenta to the dominance of SPS at large transverse momenta. Very distinct azimuthal correlation patterns (for $c \bar{c}$, $c\mathrm{\textit{-jet}}$, $\mathrm{\textit{jet-jet}}$, $D^0\mathrm{\textit{-jet}}$, $D^0 D^0$) are predicted as a result of the competition of the SPS and DPS mechanisms.

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Single-diffractive production of dijets within the $k_t$-factorization approach

We discuss single-diffractive production of dijets. The cross section is calculated within the resolved pomeron picture, for the first time in the $k_t$-factorization approach, neglecting transverse momentum of the pomeron. We use Kimber-Martin-Ryskin unintegrated parton (gluon, quark, antiquark) distributions (UPDF) both in the proton as well as in the pomeron or subleading reggeon. The UPDFs are calculated based on conventional MMHT2014nlo PDFs in the proton and H1 collaboration diffractive PDFs used previously in the analysis of diffractive structure function and dijets at HERA. For comparison we present results of calculations performed within collinear-factorization approach. Our results remaind those obtained in the NLO approach. The calculation is (must be) supplemented by the so-called gap survival factor which may, in general, depend on kinematical variables. We try to describe the existing data from Tevatron and make detailed predictions for possible LHC measurements. Several differential distributions are calculated. The $\overline{E}_T$, $\overlineη$ and $x_{\bar p}$ distributions are compared with the Tevatron data. A reasonable agreement is obtained for the first two distributions. The last one requires to introduce a gap survival factor which depends on kinematical variables. We discuss how the phenomenological dependence on one kinematical variable may influence dependence on other variables such as ${\overline E}_T$ and ${\overline η}$. Several distributions for the LHC are shown.

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Can the triple-parton scattering be observed in open charm meson production at the LHC?

We investigate whether the triple-parton scattering effects can be observed in open charm production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. We use so-called factorized Ansatz for calculations of hard multiple-parton interactions. The numerical results for each parton interaction are obtained within the $k_{T}$-factorization approach. Predictions for one, two and three $c\bar c$ pairs production are given for $\sqrt{s}= 7$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV. Quite large cross sections, of the order of milibarns, for the triple-parton scattering mechanism are obtained. We suggest a measurement of three $D^{0}$ mesons or three $\bar{D^{0}}$ antimesons by the LHCb collaboration. Confronting our results with recent LHCb experimental data for single and double $D^{0}$ (or $\bar{D^{0}}$) meson production we present our predictions for triple meson final state: $D^{0}D^{0}D^{0}$ or $\bar{D^{0}}\bar{D^{0}}\bar{D^{0}}$. We present cross sections for the LHCb fiducial volume as well as distributions for $D^{0}$ meson transverse momentum and three-$D^{0}$ meson invariant mass. The predicted visible cross sections, including the detector acceptance, hadronization effects and $c \to D^{0}$ branching fraction, is of the order of a few nanobarns. The counting rates including $D^{0} \to K^{-}π^{+}$ branching fractions are given for known or expected integrated luminosities.

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Double-parton scattering effects in double charm production within gluon fragmentation scenario

We discuss charm $D^0 D^0$ meson-meson pair production in the forward rapidity region related to the LHCb experimental studies at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV. We consider double-parton scattering mechanisms of double $c \bar c$ production and subsequent standard $cc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ scale-independent hadronization as well as new double $g$ and mixed $g c\bar c $ production mechanisms with $gg \to D^{0}D^{0}$ and $gc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ scale-dependent hadronization. The new scenario with gluon fragmentation components results also in a new single-parton scattering mechanism of $gg$ production which is also taken here into account. Results of the numerical calculations are compared with the LHCb data for several correlation observables. The new mechanisms lead to a larger cross sections and to slightly different shapes of the calculated correlation observables.

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Four-jet production in the $k_t$-factorisation

We discuss the single-parton and double-parton scattering (SPS or DPS) effects in four-jet production at the LHC. The calculations of both single-parton and double-parton scattering components are done in the high-energy (or $k_{T}$)-factorization approach. Here we follow our recent developments of relevant methods and tools. The calculations are performed for kinematical situations relevant for two experimental measurements (ATLAS and CMS) at the LHC. We compare our results to those reported by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations for different sets of kinematical cuts. A special attention is given to the optimization of kinematical conditions in order to enhance the relative contribution of DPS in four-jet sample. Several differential distributions are calculated and carefully discussed in the context of recent and future searches for DPS effects at the LHC. The dependences of the relative DPS amount is studied as a function of rapidity of jets, rapidity distance, and various azimuthal correlations between jets. The regions with an enhanced DPS contribution are identified.

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Charm quark and meson production in association with single-jet at the LHC

We discuss charm quark/antiquark and charmed meson production in association with one extra jet (gluon, quark, antiquark) at the LHC. The calculations are performed both in collinear and $k_T$-factorization approaches. Different unintegrated gluon distribution functions are used in the $k_T$-factorization approach. Several predictions for the LHC are presented. We show distributions in rapidity and transverse momenta of $c$/$\bar c$ (or charmed mesons) and the associated jet as well as some two-dimensional observables. Interesting correlation effects are predicted, \textit{e.g.} in azimuthal angles $φ_{c\bar{c}}$ and $φ_{c\mathrm{\textit{-jet}}}$. We have also discussed a relation of the $2 \to 2$ and $2 \to 3$ partonic calculations in the region of large transverse momenta of charm quarks/antiquarks as well as the similarity of the next-to-leading order collinear approach and the $k_T$-factorization approach with the KMR unintegrated parton distribution functions. Integrated cross sections for $D^{0}$ + jet production for ATLAS detector acceptance and for different cuts on jet transverse momenta are also presented.

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Search for walking technipion in four-jet sample

We discuss how to search for a possibe signal of the recently observed 750 GeV enhancement in the diphoton channel in the four-jet production. In the present studies we assume that the produced state is pseudoscalar. This fact, when combined with specificity of the corresponding amplitude, allows to improve the signal-to-background (S/B) ratio. We discuss in detail how to impose cuts on jets in rapidity and transverse momenta in order to find optimal S/B ratio and not to loose too much statistics. Our study suggest a measurement of two soft (low cut on $p_t$) large-rapidity jets and two hard (high cut on $p_t$) mid-rapidity jets. Azimuthal correlation between the soft external jets may be useful to further improve the situation. Several differential distributions in rapidities and transverse momenta of jets as well as dijet invariant mass are shown. The integrated cross sections corresponding to different cuts are collected in a table and number of events are presented.

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New single- and double-parton scattering mechanisms for double charmed meson production

We discuss charm meson-meson pair production recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV in proton-proton scattering. We examine double-parton scattering (DPS) mechanisms of double $c \bar c$ production and following $cc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ hadronization as well as double $g$ and mixed $g c\bar c $ production with $gg \to D^{0}D^{0}$ and $gc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ hadronization calculated with the help of the scale-dependent KKKS08 fragmentation functions. A new single-parton scattering (SPS) mechanism of $gg$ production is also taken into consideration. Calculated differential distributions as a function of transverse momentum $p_{T}$ of one of the $D^{0}$ mesons, pair invariant mass $M_{D^{0}D^{0}}$ and azimuthal angle $φ_{D^{0}D^{0}}$ distributions are confronted with the measured ones. The manifestation of the new SPS mechanisms with $g \to D^{0}$ fragmentation within the scale-dependent fragmentation scheme change the overall picture suitable for standard scale-independent fragmentation where only DPS $cc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ mechanism is present. Some consequences of the new mechanisms are discussed

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