Magnetic Field-assisted Crystallographic Selection During Grain Growth in Non-Magnetic Polycrystals: A Phase-Field Study
Magnetic fields drive grain boundary migration in non-magnetic systems through anisotropic susceptibility, yet how the local orientation can affect the resulting collective grain growth behavior remains unclear. We employ a phase-field model to investigate magnetic-field-assisted grain growth in the diamagnetic Bi. This study provides a mechanistic basis for using static and dynamically varied magnetic fields to control texture development and grain growth kinetics in weakly magnetic materials. We also identify the conditions under which magnetic-field-driven orientation selection produces a distinct bimodal grain-size distribution. The bicrystal studies establish that boundary migration is governed by the magnetic free-energy difference between differently oriented grains, while polycrystalline field-sweep simulations reveal a transition from capillary-dominated coarsening to magnetically biased texture selection. For unbiased orientation distributions, magnetic selection remains distributed; however, when a small population of grains is strongly favored, the driving force localizes and exhibits bimodal coarsening characterized by enlarged favored grains embedded within a fine-grained matrix, even without grain boundary energy anisotropy, particle pinning, or heterogeneity. The field removal and field reorientation simulations further show that magnetic field history can redirect the coarsening pathway.