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Ramón Orive

Publications and source records attributed to Ramón Orive.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Optimal polynomial approximants and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. An electrostatic approach

We explore the connection between two seemingly distant fields: the set of cyclic functions $f$ in a Hilbert space of analytic functions over the unit disc $\D$, on the one hand, and the families of orthogonal polynomials for a weight on the unit circle $\T$ (OPUC), on the other. This link is established by so-called Optimal Polynomial Approximants (OPA) to $1/f$, that is, polynomials $p_n$ minimizing the norm of $1-p_nf$, among all polynomials $p_n$ of degree up to a given $n$. Here, we focus on the particular case of the Hardy space, and an electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of those OPA (and thus, of the corresponding OPUC) is studied. We find the electrostatic laws explaining the position of such zeros for a reduced but significant class of examples. This represents the first step towards a research plan proposed over a decade ago to understand zeros of OPA through their potential theoretic properties.

math.CA↗
arXiv2022

Electrostatic partners and zeros of orthogonal and multiple orthogonal polynomials

For a given polynomial $P$ with simple zeros, and a given semiclassical weight $w$, we present a construction that yields a linear second-order differential equation (ODE), and in consequence, an electrostatic model for zeros of $P$. The coefficients of this ODE are written in terms of a dual polynomial that we call the electrostatic partner of $P$. This construction is absolutely general and can be carried out for any polynomial with simple zeros and any semiclassical weight on the complex plane. An additional assumption of quasi-orthogonality of $P$ with respect to $w$ allows us to give more precise bounds on the degree of the electrostatic partner. In the case of orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal polynomials, we recover some of the known results and generalize others. Additionally, for the Hermite--Padé or multiple orthogonal polynomials of type II, this approach yields a system of linear second-order differential equations, from which we derive an electrostatic interpretation of their zeros in terms of a vector equilibrium. More detailed results are obtained in the special cases of Angelesco, Nikishin, and generalized Nikishin systems. We also discuss the discrete-to-continuous transition of these models in the asymptotic regime, as the number of zeros tends to infinity, into the known vector equilibrium problems. Finally, we discuss how the system of obtained second-order ODEs yields a third-order differential equation for these polynomials, well described in the literature. We finish the paper by presenting several illustrative examples.

math.CA↗
arXiv2019

Equilibrium problems in weakly admissible external fields created by pointwise charges

The main subject of this paper is equilibrium problems on an unbounded conductor $Σ$ of the complex plane in the presence of a weakly admissible external field. An admissible external field $Q$ on $Σ$ satisfies, along with other mild conditions, the following growth property at infinity: $$\lim_{|x| \rightarrow \infty}(Q(x) - \log |x|) = +\infty.$$ This condition guarantees the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium measure in the presence of $Q$, and the compactness of its support. In the last 10-15 years, several papers have dealt with weakly admissible external fields, in the sense that $Q$ satisfies a weaker condition at infinity, namely, $$\exists M\in(-\infty,\infty],\quad\liminf_{|x| \rightarrow \infty}(Q(x) - \log |x|) = M.$$ Under this last assumption, there still exists a unique equilibrium measure in the external field $Q$, but the support need not be a compact subset of $Σ$ anymore. In most examples considered in the literature the support is indeed unbounded. Our main goal in this paper is to illustrate this topic by means of a simple class of external fields on the real axis created by a pair of attractive and repellent charges in the complex plane, and to study the dynamics of the associated equilibrium measures as the strength of the charges evolves. As one of our findings, we exhibit configurations where the support of the equilibrium measure in a weakly admissible external field is a compact subset of the real axis. To achieve our goal, we extend some results from potential theory, known for admissible external fields, to the weakly admissible case. These new results may be of independent interest. Finally, the so--called signed equilibrium measure is an important tool in our analysis. Its relationship with the (positive) equilibrium measure is also explored.

math.CV↗
arXiv2015

Equilibrium measures in the presence of certain rational external fields

Equilibrium measures in the real axis in the presence of rational external fields are considered. These external fields are called rational since their derivatives are rational functions. We analyze the evolution of the equilibrium measure, and its support, when the size of the measure, $t$, or other parameters in the external field vary. Our analysis is illustrated by studying with detail the case of a generalized Gauss-Penner model, which, in addition to its mathematical relevance, has important physical applications (in the framework of random matrix models). This paper is a natural continuation of \cite{MOR2013}, where equilibrium measures in the presence of polynomial external fields are thoroughly studied.

math.CA↗