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Raphaël Côte

Publications and source records attributed to Raphaël Côte.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Construction of multi solitary waves with symmetry for the damped nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation

We are interested in the nonlinear damped Klein-Gordon equation \[ \partial_t^2 u+2α\partial_t u-Δu+u-|u|^{p-1}u=0 \] on $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $2\le d\le 5$ and energy sub-critical exponents $2 < p < \frac{d+2}{d-2}$. We construct multi-solitons, that is, solutions which behave for large times as a sum of decoupled solitons, in various configurations with symmetry: this includes multi-solitons whose soliton centers lie at the vertices of an expanding regular polygon (with or without a center), of a regular polyhedron (with a center), or of a higher dimensional regular polytope. We give a precise description of these multi-solitons: in particular the interaction between nearest neighbour solitons is asymptotic to $\ln (t)$ as $t \to +\infty$. We also prove that in any multi-soliton, the solitons can not all share the same sign. Both statements generalize and precise results from \cite{F98}, \cite{Nak} and are based on the analysis developed in \cite{CMYZ,CMY}.

math.AP↗
arXiv2025

Asymptotic stability of 2-domain walls for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in a nanowire with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

We consider a ferromagnetic nanowire, with an energy functional E with easy-axis in the direction $e_1$, and which takes into account the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We consider configurations of the magnetization which are perturbations of two well separated domain wall, and study their evolution under the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert flow associated to E. Our main result is that, if the two walls have opposite speed, these configurations are asymptotically stable, up to gauges intrinsic to the invariances of the energy E. Our analysis builds on the framework developed in [4], taking advantage that it is amenable to space localisation.

math.AP↗
arXiv2025

Reduced Particle in Cell method for the Vlasov-Poisson system using auto-encoder and Hamiltonian neural

Hamiltonian particle-based simulations of plasma dynamics are inherently computationally intensive, primarily due to the large number of particles required to obtain accurate solutions. This challenge becomes even more acute in many-query contexts, where numerous simulations must be conducted across a range of time and parameter values. Consequently, it is essential to construct reduced order models from such discretizations to significantly lower computational costs while ensuring validity across the specified time and parameter domains. Preserving the Hamiltonian structure in these reduced models is also crucial, as it helps maintain long-term stability. In this paper, we introduce a nonlinear, non-intrusive, data-driven model order reduction method for the 1D-1V Vlasov--Poisson system, discretized using a Hamiltonian Particle-In-Cell scheme. Our approach relies on a two-step projection framework: an initial linear projection based on the Proper Symplectic Decomposition, followed by a nonlinear projection learned via an autoencoder neural network. The reduced dynamics are then modeled using a Hamiltonian neural network. The offline phase of the method is split into two stages: first, constructing the linear projection using full-order model snapshots; second, jointly training the autoencoder and the Hamiltonian neural network to simultaneously learn the encoder-decoder mappings and the reduced dynamics. We validate the proposed method on several benchmarks, including Landau damping and two-stream instability. The results show that our method has better reduction properties than standard linear Hamiltonian reduction methods.

math.NA↗
arXiv2025

The Spear and the Ring: Emergent Structures in Magnetic Colloidal Suspensions

We study from a mathematical point of view the nanoparticle model of a magnetic colloid, presented by G. Klughertz. Our objective is to obtain properties of stable stationary structures that arise in the long-time limit for the magnetic nanoparticles dynamics following this model. In this article, we present a detailed study of two specific structures using techniques from the calculus of variations. The first, called the spear, consists of a chain of aligned particles interacting via a Lennard-Jones potential. We establish existence and uniqueness results, derive bounds on the distances between neighboring particles, and provide a sharp asymptotic description as the number of particles tends to infinity. The second structure, the ring, features particles uniformly distributed along a circle. We prove its existence and uniqueness and derive an explicit formula for its radius.

math-ph↗
arXiv2025

On the set of non radiative solutions for the energy critical wave equation

Non radiative solutions of the energy critical non linear wave equation are global solutions $u$ that furthermore have vanishing asymptotic energy outside the lightcone at both $t \to \pm \infty$:\[ \lim_{t \to \pm \infty} \| \nabla_{t,x} u(t) \|_{L^2(|x| \ge |t|+R)} = 0, \]for some $R \> 0$. They were shown to play an important role in the analysis of long time dynamics of solutions, in particular regarding the soliton resolution: we refer to the seminal works of Duyckaerts, Kenig and Merle, see \cite{DKM:23} and the references therein.We show that the set of non radiative solutions which are small in the energy space is a manifold whose tangent space at $0$ is given by non radiative solutions to the linear equation (described in \cite{CL24}). We also construct nonlinear solutions with an arbitrary prescribed radiation field.

math.AP↗
arXiv2024

Existence and Uniqueness of Domain Walls for Notched Ferromagnetic Nanowires

In this article, we investigate a simple model of notched ferromagnetic nanowires using tools from calculus of variations and critical point theory. Specifically, we focus on the case of a single unimodal notch and establish the existence and uniqueness of the critical point of the energy. This is achieved through a lifting argument, which reduces the problem to a generalized Sturm-Liouville equation. Uniqueness is demonstrated via a Mountain-Pass argument, where the assumption of two distinct critical points leads to a contradiction. Additionally, we show that the solution corresponds to a system of magnetic spins characterized by a single domain wall localized in the vicinity of the notch. We further analyze the asymptotic decay of the solution at infinity and explore the symmetric case using rearrangement techniques.

math.AP↗
arXiv2024

Hamiltonian reduction using a convolutional auto-encoder coupled to an Hamiltonian neural network

The reduction of Hamiltonian systems aims to build smaller reduced models, valid over a certain range of time and parameters, in order to reduce computing time. By maintaining the Hamiltonian structure in the reduced model, certain long-term stability properties can be preserved. In this paper, we propose a non-linear reduction method for models coming from the spatial discretization of partial differential equations: it is based on convolutional auto-encoders and Hamiltonian neural networks. Their training is coupled in order to simultaneously learn the encoder-decoder operators and the reduced dynamics. Several test cases on non-linear wave dynamics show that the method has better reduction properties than standard linear Hamiltonian reduction methods.

math.NA↗
arXiv2024

Micromagnetic simulations of the size dependence of the Curie temperature in ferromagnetic nanowires and nanolayers

We solve the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in the finite-temperature regime, where thermal fluctuations are modeled by a random magnetic field whose variance is proportional to the temperature. By rescaling the temperature proportionally to the computational cell size $Δx$ ($T \to T\,Δx/a_{\text{eff}}$, where $a_{\text{eff}}$ is the lattice constant) [M. B. Hahn, J. Phys. Comm., 3:075009, 2019], we obtain Curie temperatures $T_{\text{C}}$ that are in line with the experimental values for cobalt, iron and nickel. For finite-sized objects such as nanowires (1D) and nanolayers (2D), the Curie temperature varies with the smallest size $d$ of the system. We show that the difference between the computed finite-size $T_{\text{C}}$ and the bulk $T_{\text{C}}$ follows a power-law of the type: $(ξ_0/d)^λ$, where $ξ_0$ is the correlation length at zero temperature, and $λ$ is a critical exponent. We obtain values of $ξ_0$ in the nanometer range, also in accordance with other simulations and experiments. The computed critical exponent is close to $λ=2$ for all considered materials and geometries. This is the expected result for a mean-field approach, but slightly larger than the values observed experimentally.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2024

Sharp blow-up stability for self-similar solutions of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

We consider the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Given a self-similar solution, and a subcritical perturbation of any size, we prove that there exists a unique solution to the equation which behaves at blow-up time as the self-similar solution plus the perturbation. To this end, we develop the first robust analysis in spaces of functions with bounded Fourier transforms. To begin, we prove the local well-posedness in subcritical spaces through an appropriate restriction norm method. As this method is not sufficient to capture the critical self-similar dynamics, we develop an infinite normal form reduction (INFR) to derive time-dependent a priori $L^\infty$ bounds in frequency variables. Both approaches rely on frequency-restricted estimates, which are specific positive multiplier estimates capable of capturing the oscillatory nature of the equation. As a consequence of our analysis, we also prove local well-posedness for small subcritical perturbations of self-similar solutions at positive time.

math.AP↗
arXiv2024

A scattering operator for some nonlinear elliptic equations

We consider non linear elliptic equations of the form $Δu = f(u,\nabla u)$ for suitable analytic nonlinearity $f$, in the vinicity of infinity in $\mathbb{R}^d$, that is on the complement of a compact set.We show that there is a \emph{one-to-one correspondence} between the non linear solution $u$ defined there, and the linear solution $u\_L$ to the Laplace equation, such that, in an adequate space, $u - u\_L\to 0$ as $|x|\to +\infty$. This is a kind of scattering operator.Our results apply in particular for the energy critical and supercritical pure power elliptic equation and for the 2d (energy critical) harmonic maps and the $H$-system. Similar results are derived for solution defined on the neighborhood of a point in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The proofs are based on a conformal change of variables, and studied as an evolution equation (with the radial direction playing the role of time) in spaces with analytic regularity on spheres (the directions orthogonal to the radial direction).

math.AP↗
arXiv2023

Minimal time of magnetization switching in small ferromagnetic ellipsoidal samples

In this paper, we consider a ferromagnetic material of ellipsoidal shape. The associated magnetic moment then has two asymptotically stable opposite equilibria, of the form $\pm\overline{m}$. In order to use these materials for memory storage purposes, it is necessary to know how to control the magnetic moment. We use as a control variable a spatially uniform external magnetic field and consider the question of flipping the magnetic moment, i.e., changing it from the $+\overline{m}$ configuration to the $-\overline{m}$ one, in minimal time. Of course, it is necessary to impose restrictions on the external magnetic field used. We therefore include a constraint on the $L^\infty$ norm of the controls, assumed to be less than a threshold value $U$. We show that, generically with respect to the dimensions of the ellipsoid, there is a minimal value of $U$ for this problem to have a solution. We then characterize it precisely. Finally, we investigate some particular configurations associated to geometries enjoying symmetries properties and show that in this case the magnetic moment can be controlled in minimal time without imposing a threshold condition on $U$.

math.AP↗
arXiv2022

Improved uniqueness of multi-breathers of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

We consider multi-breathers of (mKdV). Previously, a smooth multi-breather was constructed, and proved to be unique in two cases: first, if the class of super-polynomial convergence to the profile, and second, under the assumption that all speeds of the breathers involved are positive (without rate of convergence). The goal of this short note is to improve the second result: we show that uniqueness still holds if at most one velocity is negative or zero.

math.AP↗
arXiv2022

Spatial decay of multi-solitons of the generalized Korteweg-de Vries and nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equations

We study pointwise spatial decay of multi-solitons of the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations. We obtain that, uniformly in time, these solutions and their derivatives decay exponentially in space on the left of and in the solitons region, and prove rapid decay on the right of the solitons. We also prove the corresponding result for multi-solitons of the nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equations, that is, exponential decay in the solitons region and rapid decay outside.

math.AP↗
arXiv2022

Asymptotic stability of precessing domain walls for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in a nanowire with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

We consider a ferromagnetic nanowire and we focus on an asymptotic regime where the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is taken into account. First we prove a dimension reduction result via $Γ$-convergence that determines a limit functional $E$ defined for maps $m:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{S}^2$ in the direction $e_1$ of the nanowire. The energy functional $E$ is invariant under translations in $e_1$ and rotations about the axis $e_1$. We fully classify the critical points of finite energy $E$ when a transition between $-e_1$ and $e_1$ is imposed; these transition layers are called (static) domain walls. The evolution of a domain wall by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation associated to $E$ under the effect of an applied magnetic field $h(t)e_1$ depending on the time variable $t$ gives rise to the so-called precessing domain wall. Our main result proves the asymptotic stability of precessing domain walls for small $h$ in $L^\infty([0, +\infty))$ and small $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ perturbations of the static domain wall, up to a gauge which is intrinsic to invariances of the functional $E$.

math.AP↗
arXiv2021

Concentration close to the cone for linear waves

We are concerned with solutions to the linear wave equation. We give an asymptotic formula for large time, valid in the energy space, via an operator related to the Radon transform. This allows us to show that the energy is concentrated near the light cone. This allows to derive further expressions the exterior energy (outside a shifted light cone). We in particular generalize the formulas of [CKS14] obtained in the radial setting. In odd dimension, we study the discrepancy of the exterior energy regarding initial energy, and prove in the general case the results of [KLLS15] (which were restricted to radial data).

math.AP↗
arXiv2021

On smoothness and uniqueness of multi-solitons of the non-linear Schr{ö}dinger equations

In this paper, we study some properties of multi-solitons for the non-linear Schr{ö}dinger equations in R^d with general non-linearities. Multi-solitons have already been constructed in H^1, successively by Merle, by Martel and Merle, and by C{ô}te, Martel and Merle. We show here that multi-solitons are smooth, depending on the regularity of the non-linearity. We obtain also a result of uniqueness in some class, either when the ground states are all stable, or in the mass-critical case.

math.AP↗
arXiv2021

Asymptotics of solutions with a compactness property for the nonlinear damped Klein-Gordon equation

We consider the nonlinear damped Klein-Gordon equation \[ \partial_{tt}u+2α\partial_{t}u-Δu+u-|u|^{p-1}u=0 \quad \text{on} \ \ [0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^N \] with $α>0$, $2 \le N\le 5$ and energy subcritical exponents $p>2$. We study the behavior of solutions for which it is supposed that only one nonlinear object appears asymptotically for large times, at least for a sequence of times. We first prove that the nonlinear object is necessarily a bound state. Next, we show that when the nonlinear object is a non-degenerate state or a degenerate excited state satisfying a simplicity condition, the convergence holds for all positive times, with an exponential or algebraic rate respectively. Last, we provide an example where the solution converges exactly at the rate $t^{-1}$ to the excited state.

math.AP↗