arXiv subjects

Raphael Tang

Publications and source records attributed to Raphael Tang.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Adaptive Pruning of Neural Language Models for Mobile Devices

Neural language models (NLMs) exist in an accuracy-efficiency tradeoff space where better perplexity typically comes at the cost of greater computation complexity. In a software keyboard application on mobile devices, this translates into higher power consumption and shorter battery life. This paper represents the first attempt, to our knowledge, in exploring accuracy-efficiency tradeoffs for NLMs. Building on quasi-recurrent neural networks (QRNNs), we apply pruning techniques to provide a "knob" to select different operating points. In addition, we propose a simple technique to recover some perplexity using a negligible amount of memory. Our empirical evaluations consider both perplexity as well as energy consumption on a Raspberry Pi, where we demonstrate which methods provide the best perplexity-power consumption operating point. At one operating point, one of the techniques is able to provide energy savings of 40% over the state of the art with only a 17% relative increase in perplexity.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2018

Deep Residual Learning for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting

We explore the application of deep residual learning and dilated convolutions to the keyword spotting task, using the recently-released Google Speech Commands Dataset as our benchmark. Our best residual network (ResNet) implementation significantly outperforms Google's previous convolutional neural networks in terms of accuracy. By varying model depth and width, we can achieve compact models that also outperform previous small-footprint variants. To our knowledge, we are the first to examine these approaches for keyword spotting, and our results establish an open-source state-of-the-art reference to support the development of future speech-based interfaces.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2018

An Experimental Analysis of the Power Consumption of Convolutional Neural Networks for Keyword Spotting

Nearly all previous work on small-footprint keyword spotting with neural networks quantify model footprint in terms of the number of parameters and multiply operations for a feedforward inference pass. These values are, however, proxy measures since empirical performance in actual deployments is determined by many factors. In this paper, we study the power consumption of a family of convolutional neural networks for keyword spotting on a Raspberry Pi. We find that both proxies are good predictors of energy usage, although the number of multiplies is more predictive than the number of model parameters. We also confirm that models with the highest accuracies are, unsurprisingly, the most power hungry.

cs.OH↗

arXiv2017

Honk: A PyTorch Reimplementation of Convolutional Neural Networks for Keyword Spotting

We describe Honk, an open-source PyTorch reimplementation of convolutional neural networks for keyword spotting that are included as examples in TensorFlow. These models are useful for recognizing "command triggers" in speech-based interfaces (e.g., "Hey Siri"), which serve as explicit cues for audio recordings of utterances that are sent to the cloud for full speech recognition. Evaluation on Google's recently released Speech Commands Dataset shows that our reimplementation is comparable in accuracy and provides a starting point for future work on the keyword spotting task.

cs.CL↗