arXiv subjects

Raquel Pezoa R.

Publications and source records attributed to Raquel Pezoa R..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

The CONDOR Observatory: A Gamma-Ray Observatory with a 100 GeV Threshold at 5300 Meters Above Sea Level

We present the design of the Compact Network of Detectors with Orbital Range (CONDOR), a proposed high-altitude gamma-ray and cosmic-ray (CR) observatory set to become the highest of its kind. Planned for installation at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert, Chile, at 5300 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), CONDOR is optimized to operate in the 100 GeV to 1 TeV range using the extensive air-shower technique. The design prioritizes simplicity, modularity, and robustness to ensure reliable performance in a harsh environment. The CONDOR array has a full coverage factor of 90 and consists of 6000 plastic scintillator panels, each approximately 1 m^2, read by wavelength-shifting fibers and SiPMs. The readout electronics are based on fast ADCs, with White Rabbit technology ensuring time synchronization. We present an analysis of angular resolution and effective area by variation of the CORSIKA design to meet the developing GeV threshold, complementing other ground-based observatories in gamma-ray and proton CR measurements. CONDOR has the potential to support an extensive research program in astroparticle physics and multimessenger astronomy from the Southern Hemisphere, operating in all-sky mode 24 hours per day, year-round, with satellite data ranges.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2025

Revisiting the Longitudinal Development of Electromagnetic Air Showers: Analytical Improvements to the Greisen Formalism with Zenith Angle Dependence

We present a new analytical approach to the longitudinal development of electromagnetic air showers, offering improvements to the classical Greisen formalism. We introduce a novel profile for the slope function $λ_1(s)$ that achieves an agreement less than $0.75\%$ with the original $λ_1$ for shower age parameter $s$ between $0.3 < s < 1.4$, where $s$ represents the stage of shower development. Our new formalism provides an improved representation of shower evolution, particularly near and beyond the shower maximum. In addition, we derive a complete expression for the number of particles $N(t)$. Our implementation includes the zenithal angle dependence on the number of particles at the detector level at high altitudes, making it particularly useful for high-altitude observatories. This expression is suitable for implementing air shower simulation tool fitting procedures over a wide range of energies and geometries. Our analysis suggests that the proposed new formalism may provide better agreement with the expected evolution of particle numbers compared to the traditional Greisen formulation.

astro-ph.HE↗