arXiv subjects

Rasika Muralidharan

Publications and source records attributed to Rasika Muralidharan.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Behavior is Not Enough: A Mechanism-Based Evaluation of Social Norm Emergence in LLM Societies

Social norms cannot be identified from behavior alone: the same cooperative equilibrium may reflect shared expectations, strategic incentives, or simple imitation. Yet in multi-agent large language model systems, prior work largely treats behavioral convergence as evidence of norm emergence. In this work, we introduce an evaluation framework that measures agents' reported empirical and normative expectations in addition to behavioral convergence. Through controlled ablations, we test the effect of expectation elicitation and isolate two collective mechanisms central to theories of norm formation---social learning through interaction and social selection through network-based group formation. We further test the stability of these resulting dynamics under adversarial disruption across four LLM families. We find that eliciting expectations increases cooperative contributions, while social learning stabilizes behavior, and social selection reliably identifies cooperators but provides limited behavioral reinforcement. Following disruption, normative expectations and behavioral coordination recover differently. Together, these results show that similar cooperative outcomes can arise from different underlying social processes. By making expectations observable, our framework allows us to attribute each mechanism's contribution separately, offering designers of multi-agent systems a principled basis for selecting the social processes that sustain cooperation.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2026

Federating Governance: How Community Rules Scale with Mastodon Instances

The rise of decentralized social media platforms like Mastodon and Bluesky highlights the challenge of scaling self-governance and moderation. As communities grow, they face new issues that demand increasingly complex governance structures. However, as moderation is mainly volunteer-driven, there is limited formal guidance on how community rules and moderation practices should evolve with growth. This study investigates how moderation scale with Mastodon instances by analyzing community rules across servers of varying sizes. We categorize these rules to identify key governance priorities and find that these priorities are remarkably consistent across instance sizes: rules addressing problematic content, such as harassment, hate speech, and illegal content, dominate regardless of scale. While smaller communities focus on narrower sets of topics, larger servers maintain a more balanced coverage of a broad range of topics. Our analysis of rule formalization reveals that community size strongly predicts rule development. As instances grow, their rules become more extensive and topically diverse, but also exhibit lower readability and linguistic diversity. In contrast, external federation interactions have a limited role, mainly associated with a broader scope of rules without substantially affecting their diversity or form. These findings highlight the relative influence of internal versus external factors, suggesting that local scaling pressures outweigh network-level dynamics in decentralized social media governance. The scaling pattern observed on Mastodon resemble those previously identified on centralized platforms such as Reddit, suggesting that community size imposes fundamental constraints on self-governance that transcend platform architectures

cs.SI↗

arXiv2026

PluRule: A Benchmark for Moderating Pluralistic Communities on Social Media

Social media are shifting towards pluralism -- community-governed platforms where groups define their own norms. What violates rules in one community may be perfectly acceptable in another. Can AI models help moderate such pluralistic communities? We formalize the task as a multiple-choice problem, mirroring how human moderators operate in the real world: given a comment and its surrounding context, identify which specific rule, if any, is violated. We introduce PluRule, a multimodal, multilingual benchmark for detecting 13,371 rule violations across 1,989 Reddit communities spanning 2,885 rules in 9 languages. Using this benchmark, we show that state-of-the-art vision-language models struggle significantly: even GPT-5.2 with high reasoning performs only slightly better than a trivial baseline. We also find that bigger models and increased context provide marginal gains, and universal rules like civility and self-promotion are easier to detect. Our results show that moderation of pluralistic communities on social media is a fundamental challenge for language models. Our code and benchmark are publicly available.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

XChoice: Explainable Evaluation of AI-Human Alignment in LLM-based Constrained Choice Decision Making

We present XChoice, an explainable framework for evaluating AI-human alignment in constrained decision making. Moving beyond outcome agreement such as accuracy and F1 score, XChoice fits a mechanism-based decision model to human data and LLM-generated decisions, recovering interpretable parameters that capture the relative importance of decision factors, constraint sensitivity, and implied trade-offs. Alignment is assessed by comparing these parameter vectors across models, options, and subgroups. We demonstrate XChoice on Americans' daily time allocation using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) as human ground truth, revealing heterogeneous alignment across models and activities and salient misalignment concentrated in Black and married groups. We further validate robustness of XChoice via an invariance analysis and evaluate targeted mitigation with a retrieval augmented generation (RAG) intervention. Overall, XChoice provides mechanism-based metrics that diagnose misalignment and support informed improvements beyond surface outcome matching.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

Can Lessons From Human Teams Be Applied to Multi-Agent Systems? The Role of Structure, Diversity, and Interaction Dynamics

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) with Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents are gaining attention, yet fewer studies explore their team dynamics. Inspired by human team science, we propose a multi-agent framework to examine core aspects of team science: structure, diversity, and interaction dynamics. We evaluate team performance across four tasks: CommonsenseQA, StrategyQA, Social IQa, and Latent Implicit Hate, spanning commonsense and social reasoning. Our results show that flat teams tend to perform better than hierarchical ones, while diversity has a nuanced impact. Interviews suggest agents are overconfident about their team performance, yet post-task reflections reveal both appreciation for collaboration and challenges in integration, including limited conversational coordination.

cs.CL↗