Impact of light shift inhomogeneities on the contrast of light pulse atom interferometers
We study the loss of the contrast in an atom interferometer when increasing the duration of Raman mirror pulses, and find the contrast decay rate to increase with the interferometer duration. We attribute this effect to the transverse spatial fluctuations of the intensity across the Raman beams, and to the dephasing induced by the associated light shifts inhomogeneities. Simulations based on the propagation of noisy synthetic Raman beams show that the contrast decay rate increases with the distance between the wavepackets at the mirror pulse, before reaching an asymptotic limit when intensity fluctuations between the two wavepackets become completely decorrelated. Finally, simulations based on the propagation of Raman beams having their measured intensity fluctuations predict contrast loss rates consistent with our measurements, confirming the detrimental role for the interferometer contrast played by intensity fluctuations across the interferometer laser beams.