arXiv subjects

Rebecca S. Blue

Publications and source records attributed to Rebecca S. Blue.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2019

Limitations in Predicting Radiation-Induced Pharmaceutical Instability during Long-Duration Spaceflight

As human spaceflight seeks to expand beyond low-Earth orbit, NASA and its international partners face numerous challenges related to ensuring the safety of their astronauts, including the need to provide a safe and effective pharmacy for long-duration spaceflight. Historical missions have relied upon frequent resupply of onboard pharmaceuticals; as a result, there has been little study into the effects of long-term exposure of pharmaceuticals to the space environment. Of particular concern are the long-term effects of space radiation on drug stability, especially as missions venture away from the protective proximity of the Earth. Here we highlight the risk of space radiation to pharmaceuticals during exploration spaceflight, identifying the limitations of current understanding. We further seek to identify ways in which these limitations could be addressed through dedicated research efforts aimed towards the rapid development of an effective pharmacy for future spaceflight endeavors.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2019

Targeted Nuclear Spallation from Moderator Block Design for a Ground-Based Space Radiation Analog

Current radiobiology studies on the effects of galactic cosmic ray radiation utilize mono-energetic beams, where the projected dose for an exploration mission is given using highly-acute exposures. This methodology does not replicate the multi-ion species and energies found in the space radiation environment, nor does it reflect the low dose-rate found in interplanetary space. In radiation biology studies as well as in the assessment of health risk to astronaut crews, the differences in the biological effectiveness of different ions is primarily attributed to differences in the linear energy transfer (LET) of the radiation spectrum. Here we show that the LET spectrum of the intravehicular environment of spaceflight vehicles can be simulated with a single particle, mono-energetic ion beam accelerated at target blocks constructed of one or more materials. The LET spectrum of the emerging field can then be moderated by the amount of mass or length of material the primary and secondary nuclei travels, thus preferentially producing specific nuclear spallation and fragmentation processes and allowing for a continuous generation of ionizing radiation that mimics the space radiation environment. This approach could allow more accurate simulation of not only intravehicular spaceflight conditions, but also could be used to simulate the external galactic cosmic ray field, planetary surface spectrum (e.g., Mars or Moon), and the local radiation environment of orbiting satellites, providing a much-needed ground-based space radiation analog for future experimentation.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2018

Limitations in Predicting the Space Radiation Health Risk for Exploration Astronauts

Despite years of research, understanding of the space radiation environment and the risk it poses to long-duration astronauts remains limited. There is a disparity between research results and observed empirical effects seen in human astronaut crews, likely due to the numerous factors that limit terrestrial simulation of the complex space environment and extrapolation of human clinical consequences from varied animal models. Given the intended future of human spaceflight, with efforts now to rapidly expand capabilities for human missions to the moon and Mars, there is a pressing need to improve upon the understanding of the space radiation risk, predict likely clinical outcomes of interplanetary radiation exposure, and develop appropriate and effective mitigation strategies for future missions. To achieve this goal, the space radiation and aerospace community must recognize the historical limitations of radiation research and how such limitations could be addressed in future research endeavors. We have sought to highlight the numerous factors that limit understanding of the risk of space radiation for human crews and to identify ways in which these limitations could be addressed for improved understanding and appropriate risk posture regarding future human spaceflight.

physics.med-ph↗