arXiv subjects

Reginald T. Cahill

Publications and source records attributed to Reginald T. Cahill.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2013

Dynamical 3-Space: Black Holes in an Expanding Universe

Black holes are usually studied without including effects of the expanding universe. However in some recent studies black holes have been embedded in an expanding universe, in order to determine the interplay, if any, of these two dynamical processes. Dynamical 3-space theory contains time independent solutions for black holes, which are spatial in-flows, and separately the time dependent Hubble expansion. This theory has explained numerous puzzles in observational astrophysics and contains 3 constants; G, alpha - which from experimental data turns out to be the fine structure constant, and delta - which is a small but nonzero distance, possibly a Planck-type length. The Hubble expansion in the dynamical 3-space theory cannot be `switched off', forcing the study, first, of isolated black holes coexisting with the expanding universe. It is shown that a time dependent black hole and expanding universe solution exists. The nature and implications of these solutions are discussed as they evolve over time. A dynamical network of black holes and induced linking cosmic filaments forming bubble structures is discussed, as a consequence of dynamical 3-space undergoing a dynamical breakdown of homogeneity and isotropy, even in the absence of baryonic matter.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Dynamical 3-Space Gravitational Waves: Reverberation Effect

Gravity theory missed a key dynamical process that became apparent only when expressed in terms of a velocity field, instead of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration field. This dynamical process involves an additional self-interaction of the dynamical 3-space, and experimental data reveals that its strength is set by the fine structure constant, implying a fundamental link between gravity and quantum theory. The dynamical 3-space has been directly detected in numerous light-speed anisotropy experiments. Quantum matter has been shown to exhibit an acceleration caused by the time-dependence and inhomogeneity of the 3-space flow, giving the first derivation of gravity from a deeper theory, as a quantum wave refraction effect. EM radiation is also refracted in a similar manner. The anisotropy experiments have all shown 3-space wave/turbulence effects, with the latest revealing the fractal structure of 3-space. Here we report the prediction of a new effect, namely a reverberation effect, when the gravitational waves propagate in the 3-space inflow of a large mass. This effect arises from the non-linear dynamics of 3-space. These reverberations could offer an explanation for the Shnoll effect, in which cosmological factors influence stochastic processes, such as radioactive decay rates.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

One-Way Speed of Light Measurements Without Clock Synchronisation

The 1991 DeWitte double one-way 1st order in v/c experiment successfully measured the anisotropy of the speed of light using clocks at each end of the RF coaxial cables. However Spavieri et al., Physics Letters A (2012), doi: 10.1016/j.physleta_2012.0010, have reported that (i) clock effects caused by clock transport should be included, and (ii) that this additional effect cancels the one-way light speed timing effect, implying that one-way light speed experiments "do not actually lead to the measurement of the one-way speed of light or determination of the absolute velocity of the preferred frame". Here we explain that the Spavieri et al. derivation makes an assumption that is not always valid: that the propagation is subject to the usual Fresnel drag effect, which is not the case for RF coaxial cables. As well DeWitte did take account of the clock transport effect. The Spavieri et al. paper has prompted this clarification of these issues.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Characterisation of Low Frequency Gravitational Waves from Dual RF Coaxial-Cable Detector: Fractal Textured Dynamical 3-Space

Experiments have revealed that the Fresnel drag effect is not present in RF coaxial cables, contrary to a previous report. This enables a very sensitive, robust and compact detector, that is 1st order in v/c and using one clock, to detect the dynamical space passing the earth, revealing the sidereal rotation of the earth, together with significant wave/turbulence effects. These are "gravitational waves", and previously detected by Cahill 2006, using an Optical-Fibre - RF Coaxial Cable Detector, and Cahill 2009, using a preliminary version of the Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector. The gravitational waves have a 1/f spectrum, implying a fractal textured structure to dynamical 3-space.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Reply to "Isotropy of Speed of Light" by Castano and Hawkins, arXiv:1103.1620

In "Isotropy of Speed of Light" by Castano and Hawkins, arXiv:1103.1620, it is claimed, using a flawed theoretical argument, that the speed of light must necessarily be isotropic, independent even of experiment. The key false assumption made is that the round trip time must always be invariant wrt change of direction of the light path. This is shown to be false. More importantly the anisotropy of the speed of light has been repeatedly detected in experiments, beginning with Michelson and Morley in 1887, and with the most recent data being from spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shift data. Similar misunderstandings critically affect the designs for LIGO and LISA.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Dynamical 3-Space: Cosmic Filaments, Sheets and Voids

Observations of weak gravitational lensing combined with statistical tomographic techniques have revealed that galaxies have formed along filaments, essentially one-dimensional lines or strings, which form sheets and voids. These have, in the main, been interpreted as "dark matter" effects. To the contrary here we report the discovery that the dynamical 3-space theory possesses such filamentary solutions. These solutions are purely space self-interaction effects, and are attractive to matter, and as well generate electromagnetic lensing. This theory of space has explained bore hole anomalies, supermassive black hole masses in spherical galaxies and globular clusters, flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies, and other gravitational anomalies. The theory has two constants, G and alpha, where the bore hole experiments show that alpha approx 1/137 is the fine structure constant.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Dynamical 3-Space Predicts Hotter Early Universe: Resolves CMB-BBN Li7 and He4 Abundance Anomalies

The observed abundances of Li7 and He4 are significantly inconsistent with the predictions from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) when using the LCDM cosmological model together with the value for Omega_Bh^2 = 0.0224 +/- 0.0009 from WMAP CMB fluctuations, with the value from BBN required to fit observed abundances being 0.009<Omega_Bh^2<0.013. The dynamical 3-space theory is shown to predict a 20% hotter universe in the radiation-dominated epoch, which then results in a remarkable parameter-free agreement between the BBN and the WMAP value for Omega_Bh^2. The dynamical 3-space also gives a parameter-free fit to the supernova redshift data, and predicts that the LCDM model would require Omega_L=0.73 and Omega_M=0.27 to fit the 3-space dynamics Hubble expansion, and independently of the supernova data. These results amount to the discovery of new physics for the early universe that is matched by numerous other successful observational and experimental tests.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Resolving Spacecraft Earth-Flyby Anomalies with Measured Light Speed Anisotropy

Doppler shift observations of spacecraft, such as Galileo, NEAR, Cassini, Rosetta and MESSENGER in earth flybys, have all revealed unexplained speed `anomalies' - that the doppler-shift determined speeds are inconsistent with expected speeds. Here it is shown that these speed anomalies are not real and are actually the result of using an incorrect relationship between the observed doppler shift and the speed of the spacecraft - a relationship based on the assumption that the speed of light is isotropic in all frames, i.e. invariant. Taking account of the repeatedly measured light-speed anisotropy the anomalies are resolved. The Pioneer 10/11 anomalies are discussed, but not resolved. The spacecraft observations demonstrate again that the speed of light is not invariant, and is isotropic only with respect to a dynamical 3-space. The existing doppler shift data also offers a resource to characterise a new form of gravitational waves, the dynamical 3-space turbulence, that has also been detected by other techniques.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

3-Space In-Flow Theory of Gravity: Boreholes, Blackholes and the Fine Structure Constant

A theory of 3-space explains the phenomenon of gravity as arising from the time-dependence and inhomogeneity of the differential flow of this 3-space. The emergent theory of gravity has two gravitational constants: G - Newton's constant, and a dimensionless constant - alpha. Various experiments and astronomical observations have shown that alpha is the fine structure constant 1/137. Here we analyse the Greenland Ice Shelf and Nevada Test Site borehole g anomalies, and confirm with increased precision this value of alpha. This and other successful tests of this theory of gravity, including the supermassive black holes in globular clusters and galaxies, and the `dark-matter' effect in spiral galaxies, demonstrates the validity of this theory of gravity. This success implies that Newtonian gravity was fundamentally flawed from the beginning.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Dynamical Fractal 3-Space and the Generalised Schrodinger Equation: Equivalence Principle and Vorticity Effects

The new dynamical `quantum foam' theory of 3-space is described at the classical level by a velocity field. This has been repeatedly detected and for which the dynamical equations are now established. These equations predict 3-space `gravitational wave' effects, and these have been observed, and the 1991 DeWitte data is analysed to reveal the fractal structure of these `gravitational waves'. This velocity field describes the differential motion of 3-space, and the various equations of physics must be generalised to incorporate this 3-space dynamics. Here a new generalised Schrodinger equation is given and analysed. It is shown that from this equation the equivalence principle may be derived as a quantum effect, and that as well this generalised Schrödinger equation determines the effects of vorticity of the 3-space flow, or `frame-dragging', on matter, and which is being studied by the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) satellite gyroscope experiment.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Black Holes in Elliptical and Spiral Galaxies and in Globular Clusters

Supermassive black holes have been discovered at the centers of galaxies, and also in globular clusters. The data shows correlations between the black hole mass and the elliptical galaxy mass or globular cluster mass. It is shown that this correlation is accurately predicted by a theory of gravity which includes the new dynamics of self-interacting space. In spiral galaxies this dynamics is shown to explain the so-called `dark matter' rotation-curve anomaly, and also explains the earth based bore-hole g anomaly data. Together these effects imply that the strength of the self-interaction dynamics is determined by the fine structure constant. This has major implications for fundamental physics and cosmology.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

'Dark Matter' as a Quantum Foam In-Flow Effect

The galactic `dark matter' effect is regarded as one of the major problems in fundamental physics. Here it is explained as a self-interaction dynamical effect of space itself, and so is not caused by an unknown form of matter. Because it was based on Kepler's Laws for the motion of the planets in the solar system the Newtonian theory of gravity was too restricted. A reformulation and generalisation of the Newtonian theory of gravity in terms of a velocity in-flow field, representing at a classical level the relative motion of a quantum-foam substructure to space, reveals a key dynamical feature of the phenomenon of gravity, namely the so called `dark matter' effect, which manifests not only in spiral galaxy rotation curves, but also in the borehole g anomaly, globular and galactic black holes, and in ongoing problems in improving the accuracy with which Newton's gravitational constant G is measured. The new theory of gravity involves an additional new dimensionless gravitational constant, and experimental data reveals this to be the fine structure constant. The new theory correctly predicts the globular cluster black hole masses, and that the `frame-dragging' effect is caused by vorticity in the in-flow. The relationship of the new theory of gravity to General Relativity which, like Newtonian gravity, does not have the `dark matter' dynamics, is explained.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

The Michelson and Morley 1887 Experiment and the Discovery of Absolute Motion

Physics textbooks assert that in the famous interferometer 1887 experiment to detect absolute motion Michelson and Morley saw no rotation-induced fringe shifts - the signature of absolute motion; it was a null experiment. However this is incorrect. Their published data revealed to them the expected fringe shifts, but that data gave a speed of some 8km/s using a Newtonian theory for the calibration of the interferometer, and so was rejected by them solely because it was less than the 30km/s orbital speed of the earth. A 2002 post relativistic-effects analysis for the operation of the device however gives a different calibration leading to a speed >300km/s. So this experiment detected both absolute motion and the breakdown of Newtonian physics. So far another six experiments have confirmed this first detection of absolute motion in 1887.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Engineering the Quantum Foam

In 1990 Alcubierre, within the General Relativity model for space-time, proposed a scenario for `warp drive' faster than light travel, in which objects would achieve such speeds by actually being stationary within a bubble of space which itself was moving through space, the idea being that the speed of the bubble was not itself limited by the speed of light. However that scenario required exotic matter to stabilise the boundary of the bubble. Here that proposal is re-examined within the context of the new modelling of space in which space is a quantum system, viz a quantum foam, with on-going classicalisation. This model has lead to the resolution of a number of longstanding problems, including a dynamical explanation for the so-called `dark matter' effect. It has also given the first evidence of quantum gravity effects, as experimental data has shown that a new dimensionless constant characterising the self-interaction of space is the fine structure constant. The studies here begin the task of examining to what extent the new spatial self-interaction dynamics can play a role in stabilising the boundary without exotic matter, and whether the boundary stabilisation dynamics can be engineered; this would amount to quantum gravity engineering.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Gravitation, the 'Dark Matter' Effect and the Fine Structure Constant

Gravitational anomalies such as the mine/borehole g anomaly, the near-flatness of the spiral galaxy rotation-velocity curves, currently interpreted as a `dark matter' effect, the absence of that effect in ordinary elliptical galaxies, and the ongoing problems in accurately determining Newton's gravitational constant G_N are explained by a generalisation of the Newtonian theory of gravity to a fluid-flow formalism with one new dimensionless constant. By analysing the borehole data this constant is shown to be the fine structure constant alpha=1/137. The spiral galaxy `dark matter' effect and the globular cluster `black hole' masses are then correctly predicted. This formalism also explains the cause of the long-standing uncertainties in G_N and leads to the introduction of a fundamental gravitational constant G not = G_N with value G=(6.6526 +/- 0.013)x 10^-11 m^3s^{-2}kg^{-1}. The occurrence of alpha implies that space has a quantum structure, and we have the first evidence of quantum gravity effects.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

The Einstein Postulates: 1905-2005 A Critical Review of the Evidence

The Einstein postulates assert an invariance of the propagation speed of light in vacuum for any observer, and which amounts to a presumed absence of any preferred frame. The postulates appear to be directly linked to relativistic effects which emerge from Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, which is based upon the concept of a flat spacetime ontology, and which then lead to the General Theory of Relativity with its curved spacetime model for gravity. While the relativistic effects are well established experimentally it is now known that numerous experiments, beginning with the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, have always shown that the postulates themselves are false, namely that there is a detectable local preferred frame of reference. This critique briefly reviews the experimental evidence regarding the failure of the postulates, and the implications for our understanding of fundamental physics, and in particular for our understanding of gravity. A new theory of gravity is seen to be necessary, and this results in an explanation of the `dark matter' effect entailing the discovery that the fine structure constant is a 2nd gravitational constant.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

The Dynamical Velocity Superposition Effect in the Quantum-Foam In-Flow Theory of Gravity

The new `quantum-foam in-flow' theory of gravity has explained numerous so-called gravitational anomalies, particularly the `dark matter' effect which is now seen to be a dynamical effect of space itself, and whose strength is determined by the fine structure constant, and not by Newton's gravitational constant G. Here we show an experimentally significant approximate dynamical effect, namely a vector superposition effect which arises under certain dynamical conditions when we have absolute motion and gravitational in-flows: the velocities for these processes are shown to be approximately vectorially additive under these conditions. This effect plays a key role in interpreting the data from the numerous experiments that detected the absolute linear motion of the earth. The violations of this superposition effect lead to observable effects, such as the generation of turbulence. The flow theory also leads to vorticity effects that the Gravity Probe B gyroscope experiment will soon begin observing. As previously reported General Relativity predicts a smaller vorticity effect (therein called the Lense-Thirring `frame-dragging' effect) than the new theory of gravity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

Novel Gravity Probe B Gravitational Wave Detection

The Gravity Probe B (GP-B) satellite experiment will measure the precession of on-board gyroscopes to extraordinary accuracy. Such precessions are predicted by General Relativity (GR), and one component of this precession is the `frame-dragging' or Lense-Thirring effect, which is caused by the rotation of the earth, and the other is the geodetic effect. A new theory of gravity predicts, however, a second and much larger `frame-dragging' or vorticity induced spin precession. This spin precession component will also display the effects of novel gravitational waves which are predicted by the new theory of gravity, and which have already been seen in several experiments. The magnitude and signature of these gravitational wave induced precession effects is given for comparison with the GP-B experimental data.

physics.gen-ph↗