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Renjan Rajan John

Publications and source records attributed to Renjan Rajan John.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

A modified sine-Gordon theory with static multi-kinks

We construct a modified non-BPS sine-Gordon theory which supports stable static kinks of arbitrary topological degree $N$. We use this toy model to study problems which are interesting for higher-dimensional soliton theories supporting multi-solitons. We construct a 2-kink collective coordinate model and use it to generate scattering trajectories, which are compared to full-field dynamics. We find that the approximation works well, but starts to fail as radiation becomes more important due to our model becoming less BPS or when the initial kink velocities are large. We also construct the quantum 2-kink and calculate one-loop corrections to the 1- and 2-kinks. We consider how these quantum corrections affect the binding energy of the 2-kink.

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Anharmonic oscillators and the null bootstrap

We employ the technique of perturbative analytic null bootstrap to obtain the energy eigenvalues and ladder operators of the sextic anharmonic oscillator up to second order in the coupling. We confirm our results by deriving the same from traditional perturbation theory. We further perform the bootstrap approach on non-Hermitian PT symmetric Hamiltonians, focusing on the shifted harmonic oscillator and the celebrated cubic anharmonic oscillator.

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Effective Gravitational Couplings of Kaluza-Klein Gauge Theories

We study the effective gravitational couplings of four-dimensional Kaluza-Klein compactified gauge theories with eight supercharges. The class of theories we consider are the pure SU(N) Yang-Mills theories at admissible Chern-Simons levels and the conformal gauge theories with 2N fundamental flavours. The resolvent of the gauge theory plays a crucial role in the calculation of these gravitational couplings. The results obtained from the Seiberg-Witten geometry are matched against independent computations using localisation.

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Anyonic correlation functions in Chern-Simons matter theories

Using a novel relation between the parity even and odd parts of a correlator, we show that the 3-point function of conserved or weakly broken currents in 3d CFT can be obtained from just the free fermion (FF) or the free boson (FB) theory. In the special case of large $N$ Chern-Simons matter theories, we obtain the correlator in terms of a coupling constant dependent ``anyonic phase" factor. This anyonic phase factor was previously obtained in the $2\rightarrow 2$ exact S-matrix result and is consistent with strong-weak duality. By varying the coupling constant the CFT correlator interpolates nicely between the same in the FF and FB theories.

hep-th↗

Effective Gravitational Couplings of Higher-Rank Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

When placed on four-manifolds, $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ gauge theories couple to topological invariants of the background via two functions $ A $ and $ B $. General considerations allow for these functions to be fixed in terms of the Coulomb moduli and other parameters in the theory, but only up to multiplicative factors about which little is known. We extend earlier work on the microscopic study of these functions in the $ Ω$-background to $ \mathcal{N} = 2 ^{\star } $ gauge theories with higher-rank $ \mathrm{U}(N) $ gauge groups. We complement this analysis by carrying out a perturbative study of these functions. This allows us to determine the manner in which these multiplicative factors scale with the rank of the gauge group and the mass of the adjoint hypermultiplet.

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Relation between parity-even and parity-odd CFT correlation functions in three dimensions

In this paper we relate the parity-odd part of two and three point correlation functions in theories with exactly conserved or weakly broken higher spin symmetries to the parity-even part which can be computed from free theories. We also comment on higher point functions. The well known connection of CFT correlation functions with de-Sitter amplitudes in one higher dimension implies a relation between parity-even and parity-odd amplitudes calculated using non-minimal interactions such as ${\mathcal W}^3$ and ${\mathcal W}^2 {\widetilde {\mathcal W}}$. In the flat-space limit this implies a relation between parity-even and parity-odd parts of flat-space scattering amplitudes.

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Constraining momentum space CFT correlators with consistent position space OPE limit and the collider bound

Consistency with position space OPE limit requires momentum space CFT correlators to have only total energy singularity. We show that this requirement gives a simple proof of the known result that the parity-odd structure cannot exist for three-point correlators of exactly conserved currents with spins $s_i,s_j,s_k$, when triangle inequality $s_i\le s_j+s_k$ is violated. We also show that even for parity even correlation functions the properties are different inside and outside the triangle inequality. It was previously shown that if we allow for weakly broken higher spin symmetry, parity-odd correlators can exist even when triangle inequality is violated. In this paper we establish a relation between non-conservation Ward-Takahashi (WT) identities for weakly broken currents using known WT identities for exactly conserved currents. This allows us to calculate the parity violating results outside the triangle inequality using parity-even free bosonic and free fermionic results. In general, there is one parity-odd structure and two parity-even structures for three-point functions. It can be shown that the coefficient of one of the parity-even and odd parts can be combined into a complex parameter $c$ when correlators are expressed in spinor-helicity variables. When this complex parameter takes real value $c=\pm 1$ it corresponds to either the free boson or free fermion theory. When $c$ is a pure phase, it corresponds to Chern-Simons matter theories. Furthermore, re-expressing known results for conformal collider bounds we see that $\lvert c\rvert\le 1$ for generic 3d CFTs and $\lvert c\rvert\le f(Δ_{gap})$ for holographic CFTs.

hep-th↗

Higher spin 3-point functions in 3d CFT using spinor-helicity variables

In this paper we use the spinor-helicity formalism to calculate 3-point functions involving scalar operators and spin-$s$ conserved currents in general 3d CFTs. In spinor-helicity variables we notice that the parity-even and the parity-odd parts of a correlator are related. Upon converting spinor-helicity answers to momentum space, we show that correlators involving spin-$s$ currents can be expressed in terms of some simple conformally invariant conserved structures. This in particular allows us to understand and separate out contact terms systematically, especially for the parity-odd case. We also reproduce some of the correlators using weight-shifting operators.

hep-th↗

Constraining momentum space correlators using slightly broken higher spin symmetry

In this work, building up on [1] we present momentum space Ward identities related to broken higher spin symmetry as an alternate approach to computing correlators of spinning operators in interacting theories such as the quasi-fermionic and quasi-bosonic theories. The direct Feynman diagram approach to computing correlation functions is intricate and in general has been performed only in specific kinematic regimes. We use higher spin equations to obtain the parity even and parity odd contributions to two-, three- and four-point correlators involving spinning and scalar operators in a general kinematic regime, and match our results with existing results in the literature for cases where they are available. One of the interesting facts about higher spin equations is that one can use them away from the conformal fixed point. We illustrate this by considering mass deformed free boson theory and solving for two-point functions of spinning operators using higher spin equations.

hep-th↗

Double copy structure of parity-violating CFT correlators

We show that general parity-violating 3d conformal field theories show a double copy structure for momentum space 3-point functions of conserved currents, stress tensor and marginal scalar operators. Splitting up the CFT correlator into two parts - called homogeneous and non-homogeneous - we show that double copy relations exist for each part separately. We arrive at similar conclusions regarding double copy structures using tree-level correlators of massless fields in $dS_4$. We also discuss the flat space limit of these correlators. We further extend the double copy analysis to correlators involving higher-spin conserved currents, which suggests that the spin-$s$ current correlator can be thought of as $s$ copies of the spin one current correlator.

hep-th↗

Momentum space parity-odd CFT 3-point functions

We study the parity-odd sector of 3-point functions comprising of scalar operators and conserved currents in conformal field theories in momentum space. We use momentum space conformal Ward identities as well as spin-raising and weight-shifting operators to fix the form of these correlators. We discuss in detail the regularisation of divergences and their renormalisation using specific counter-terms.

hep-th↗

Weights, Recursion relations and Projective triangulations for Positive Geometry of scalar theories

The story of positive geometry of massless scalar theories was pioneered in [1] in the context of bi-adjoint $ϕ^3$ theories. Further study proposed that the positive geometry for a generic massless scalar theory with polynomial interaction is a class of polytopes called accordiohedra [2]. Tree-level planar scattering amplitudes of the theory can be obtained from a weighted sum of the canonical forms of the accordiohedra. In this paper, using results of the recent work [3], we show that in theories with polynomial interactions all the weights can be determined from the factorization property of the accordiohedron. We also extend the projective recursion relations introduced in [4,5] to these theories. We then give a detailed analysis of how the recursion relations in $ϕ^p$ theories and theories with polynomial interaction correspond to projective triangulations of accordiohedra. Following the very recent development [6] we also extend our analysis to one-loop integrands in the quartic theory.

hep-th↗

Momentum space spinning correlators and higher spin equations in three dimensions

In this article, we explicitly compute in momentum space the three and four-point correlation functions involving scalar and spinning operators in the free bosonic and the free fermionic theory in three dimensions. We also evaluate the five-point function of the scalar operator in the free bosonic theory. We discuss techniques which are more efficient than the usual PV reduction to evaluate one loop integrals. Our techniques can be easily generalised to momentum space correlators of complicated spinning operators and to higher point functions. The three dimensional fermionic theory has the interesting feature that the scalar operator $\barψψ$ is odd under parity. To account for this, we develop a parity odd basis which is useful to write correlation functions involving spinning operators and an odd number of $\barψψ$ operators. We further study higher spin (HS) equations in momentum space which are algebraic in nature and hence simpler than their position space counterparts. We use them to solve for three-point functions involving spinning operators without invoking conformal invariance. However, at the level of four-point functions, solving the HS equation requires additional constraints that come from conformal invariance and we could only verify that our explicit results solve the HS equation.

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On Positive Geometries of Quartic Interactions II : Stokes polytopes, Lower Forms on Associahedra and Worldsheet Forms

In [1], two of the present authors along with P. Raman attempted to extend the Amplituhedron program for scalar field theories [2] to quartic scalar interactions. In this paper we develop various aspects of this proposal. Using recent seminal results in Representation theory [3,4], we show that projectivity of scattering forms and existence of kinematic space associahedron completely capture planar amplitudes of quartic interaction. We generalise the results of [1] and show that for any $n$-particle amplitude, the positive geometry associated to the projective scattering form is a convex realisation of Stokes polytope which can be naturally embedded inside one of the ABHY associahedra defined in [2,5]. For a special class of Stokes polytopes with hyper-cubic topology, we show that they have a canonical convex realisation in kinematic space as boundaries of kinematic space associahedra. We then use these kinematic space geometric constructions to write worldsheet forms for $ϕ^{4}$ theory which are forms of lower rank on the CHY moduli space. We argue that just as in the case of bi-adjoint $ϕ^3$ scalar amplitudes, scattering equations can be used as diffeomorphisms between certain $\frac{n-4}{2}$ forms on the worldsheet and $\frac{n-4}{2}$ forms on ABHY associahedron that generate quartic amplitudes.

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Modular properties of surface operators in N=2 SQCD

We study half-BPS surface operators in N=2 supersymmetric QCD in four dimensions with gauge group SU(2) and four fundamental flavours. We compute the twisted chiral superpotential that describes the effective theory on the surface operator using equivariant localization as well as the Seiberg-Witten data. We then use the constraints imposed by S-duality to resum the instanton contributions to the twisted superpotential into elliptic functions and (quasi-) modular forms. The resummed results match what one would obtain from the description of surface operators as the insertion of a degenerate operator in a spherical conformal block in Liouville CFT.

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Surface operators in N=2 SQCD and Seiberg Duality

We study half-BPS surface operators in N=2supersymmetric asymptotically conformal gauge theories in four dimensions with SU(N) gauge group and 2N fundamental flavours using localization methods and coupled 2d/4d quiver gauge theories. We show that contours specified by a particular Jeffrey-Kirwan residue prescription in the localization analysis map to particular realizations of the surface operator as flavour defects. Seiberg duality of the 2d/4d quivers is mapped to contour deformations of the localization integral which in this case involves a residue at infinity. This is reflected as a modified Seiberg duality rule that shifts the Lagrangian of the purported dual theory by non-perturbative terms. The new rules, that depend on the 4d gauge coupling, lead to a match between the low energy effective twisted chiral superpotentials for any pair of dual 2d/4d quivers.

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