arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Reza Mansouri.
We generalize our previous thick shell formalism to incorporate any codimension-1 thick wall with a peculiar velocity and proper thickness bounded by arbitrary spacetimes. Within this new formulation we obtain the equation of motion of a spherically symmetric dust thick shell immersed in vacuum as well as in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetimes.
We present an analytically solvable nonlinear model of structure formation in a Universe with only dust. The model is an LTB solution (of General Relativity) and structures are shells of different density. We show that the luminosity distance-redshift relation has significant corrections at low redshift when the density contrast becomes nonlinear. A minimal effect is a correction in apparent magnitudes of order 0.15. We discuss different possibilities that could further enhance this effect and mimick Dark Energy.
We propose a model universe in the matter dominated phase described by a FRW background with local inhomogeneities, like our local patch, grown out of the primordial fluctuations. Our sub-horizon local patch consisting of different structures is approximated as an inhomogeneous cosmic fluid described by a LTB metric embedded in a background FRW universe, in which the observer could be located anywhere. Within the exact general relativistic formulation, the junction conditions for the only possible matching without a thin shell at the boundary, neglected so far in the literature, constrains the model in such a way that the luminosity distance-red shift relation mimics a FRW universe with dark energy. Therefore, the dimming of SNIa is accounted for in such a {\it structured} FRW universe. We have also calculated the exact general relativistic backreaction term and shown how it influences the global Hubble parameter and the effective density of the cosmic fluid By using an exact formulation of the general relativistic dynamics of structures in a homogeneous universe, the claim is therefore stressed that the backreaction of cosmological perturbations leads to an apparent dimming of the cosmological distances.
Within the recently proposed structured FRW model universe the averaged Einstein equations are derived. The backreaction turns out to have an interesting behavior. Its equivalent density and pressure, being proportional, are negative at early times of the dark ages of the universe, and change sign near our present time in our local patch. In addition to explaining the observed dimming of the SNIa it leads to new effects for small cosmic redshifts and also to the difference between the local and global Hubble parameter. Interpreting the backreaction in the FRW-{\it picture}, it is equivalent to a time dependent dark energy with $w = -1$.
Dynamics of a null thin shell immersed in a generic spherically symmetric spacetime is obtained within the distributional formalism. It has been shown that the distributional formalism leads to the same result as in the conventional formalism.
We consider a spherical thick shell immersed in two different spherically symmetric space-times. Using the fact that the boundaries of the thick shell with two embedding space-times must be nonsingular hypersurfaces, we develop a scheme to obtain the underlying equation of motion for the thick shell in general. As a simple example, the equation of motion of a spherical dustlike shell in vacuum is obtained. To compare our formalism with the thin shell one, the dynamical equation of motion of the thick shell is then expanded to the first order of its thickness. It is easily seen that the thin shell limit of our dynamical equation is exactly that given in the literature for the dynamics of a thin shell. It turns out that the effect of thickness is to speed up the collapse of the shell.
Within the framework of an exact general relativistic formulation of gluing manifolds, we consider the problem of matching an inhomogeneous overdense region to a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background universe in the general spherical symmetric case of pressure-free models. It is shown that, in general, the matching is only possible through a thin shell, a fact ignored in the literature. In addition to this, in subhorizon cases where the matching is possible, an intermediate underdense region will necessarily arise.
Concepts like peculiar velocity, gravitational force, and power spectrum and their interrelationships are of utmost importance in the theories of structure formation. The observational implementation of these concepts is usually based on the Newtonian hydrodynamic equations, but used up to scales where general relativistic effects come in. Using a perturbation of FRW metric in harmonic gauge, we show that the relativistic effects reduce to light cone effects including the expansion of the universe. Within the Newtonian gravitation, the linear perturbation theory of large scale structure formation predicts the peculiar velocity field to be directly proportional to gravitational force due to the matter distribution. The corresponding relation between peculiar velocity field and density contrast has been given by Peebles. Using the general relativistic perturbation we have developed, this familiar relation is modified by doing the calculation on the light cone in contrast to the usual procedure of taking a space-like slice defined at a definite time. The velocity and density--spectrum are compared to the familiar Newtonian expressions. In particular, the relativistic $β$--value obtained is reduced and leads to an increased bias factor or a decreased expected amount of the dark matter in a cluster.
Assuming the space dimension is not constant, but varies with the expansion of the Universe, a Lagrangian formulation for a toy model Universe is given. There is a free paremeter in the theory, $C$, with which we can fix the dimension of space at the Planck time. The standard FRW model corresponds to the limiting case $C \to +\infty$. We study the Wheeler-De Witt equation and the wave function of the Universe and the probability density in our model Universe. In the limit of constant space dimension, our wave function approaches to the Hartle-Hawking wave function or to a modified Linde wave function.
Colombeau's generalized functions are used to adapt the distributional approach to singular hypersurfaces in general relativity with signature change. Equations governing the dynamics of singular hypersurface is obtained and it is shown that matching leads to de Sitter space for the Lorentzian region. The matching is possible for different sections of the de Sitter hyperboloid. A relation between the radius of $S^4$, as the Euclidean manifold, and the cosmological constant leading to inflation after signature change is obtained.
Colombeau's generalized functions are used to adapt the distributional approach to singular hypersurfaces in general relativity with signature change. Equations governing the dynamics of singular hypersurface is obtained and it is shown that the stress-energy tensor of the surface can be non-vanishing.
Assuming the equivalence of FRW-cosmological models and their Newtonian counterparts, we propose using the Gauss law in arbitrary dimension a general relation between the Newtonian gravitational constant G and the gravitational coupling constant κ.