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Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz

Publications and source records attributed to Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Approximating the Amplitude and Form of Limit Cycles in the Weakly Nonlinear Regime of Lienard Systems

Liénard equations, $\ddot{x}+εf(x)\dot{x}+x=0$, with $f(x)$ an even continuous function are considered. In the weakly nonlinear regime ($ε\to 0$), the number and an order zero in $ε$ approximation of the amplitude of limit cycles present in this type of systems can be obtained by applying a methodology recently proposed by the authors [López-Ruiz R, López JL. Bifurcation curves of limit cycles in some Liénard systems. Int J Bifurcat Chaos 2000; 10:971-980]. In the present work, that method is carried forward to higher orders in $ε$ and is embedded in a general recursive algorithm capable to approximate the form of the limit cycles and to correct their amplitudes as an expansion in powers of $ε$. Several examples showing the application of this scheme are given.

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Periodic and Chaotic Events in a Discrete Model of Logistic Type for the Competitive Interaction of Two Species

Two symmetrically coupled logistic equations are proposed to mimic the competitive interaction between two species. The phenomena of coexistence, oscillations and chaos are present in this cubic discrete system. This work, together with two other similar ones recently published by the authors, completes a triptych dedicated to the two-species relationships present in Nature, namely the symbiosis, the predator-prey and the competition. These models can be used as basic ingredients to build up more complex interactions in the ecological networks.

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Order in Binary Sequences and the Routes to Chaos

The natural order in the space of binary sequences permits to recover the $U$-sequence. Also the scaling laws of the period-doubling cascade and the intermittency route to chaos defined in that ordered set are explained. These arise as intrinsic properties of this ordered set, and independent from any consideration about dynamical systems.

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Route to Chaos in Three-Dimensional Maps of Logistic Type

A route to chaos is studied in 3-dimensional maps of logistic type. Mechanisms of period doubling for invariant closed curves (ICC) are found for specific 3-dimensional maps. These bifurcations cannot be observed for ICC in the 2-dimensional case. When the parameter of the system is modified, localized oscillations occur on the ICC that give rise to weakly chaotic rings, then to chaotic attractors, which finally disappear by contact bifurcations. These maps can be considered as models for the symbiotic interaction of three species.

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A method to discern complexity in two-dimensional patterns generated by coupled map lattices

Complex patterns generated by the time evolution of a one-dimensional digitalized coupled map lattice are quantitatively analyzed. A method for discerning complexity among the different patterns is implemented. The quantitative results indicate two zones in parameter space where the dynamics shows the most complex patterns. These zones are located on the two edges of an absorbent region where the system displays spatio-temporal intermittency.

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Indirect Allee Effect, Bistability and Chaotic Oscillations in a Predator-Prey Discrete Model of Logistic Type

A cubic discrete coupled logistic equation is proposed to model the predator-prey problem. The coupling depends on the population size of both species and on a positive constant $λ$, which could depend on the prey reproduction rate and on the predator hunting strategy. Different dynamical regimes are obtained when $λ$ is modified. For small $λ$, the species become extinct. For a bigger $λ$, the preys survive but the predators extinguish. Only when the prey population reaches a critical value then predators can coexist with preys. For increasing $λ$, a bistable regime appears where the populations apart of being stabilized in fixed quantities can present periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations. Finally, bistability is lost and the system settles down in a steady state, or, for the biggest permitted $λ$, in an invariant curve. We also present the basins for the different regimes. The use of the critical curves lets us determine the influence of the zones with different number of first rank preimages in the bifurcation mechanisms of those basins.

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Complex Behaviour in a Discrete Coupled Logistic Model for the Symbiotic Interaction of Two Species

A symmetrical cubic discrete coupled logistic equation is proposed to model the symbiotic interaction of two isolated species. The coupling depends on the population size of both species and on a positive constant $λ$, named the mutual benefit. Different dynamical regimes are obtained when the mutual benefit is modified. For small $λ$, the species become extinct. For increasing $λ$, the system stabilizes in a synchronized state or oscillates in a 2 periodic orbit. For the greatest permitted values of $λ$, the dynamics evolves into a quasiperiodic, into a chaotic scenario or into extinction. The basins for these regimes are visualized as coloured figures on the plane. These patterns suffer different change as consequence of basins' bifurcations. The use of the critical curves let us to determine the influence of the zones with different number of first rank preimages in those bifurcation mechanisms.

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An approach to the problem of generating irreducible polynomials over the finite field GF(2) and its relationship with the problem of periodicity on the space of binary sequences

A method for generating irreducible polynomials of degree n over the finite field GF(2) is proposed. The irreducible polynomials are found by solving a system of equations that brings the information on the internal properties of the splitting field GF(2^n) . Also, the choice of a primitive normal basis allows us to build up a natural representation of GF(2^n) in the space of n-binary sequences. Illustrative examples are given for the lowest orders.

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Shannon information, LMC complexity and Renyi entropies: a straightforward approach

The LMC complexity, an indicator of complexity based on a probabilistic description, is revisited. A straightforward approach allows us to establish the time evolution of this indicator in a near-equilibrium situation and gives us a new insight for interpreting the LMC complexity for a general non equilibrium system. Its relationship with the Renyi entropies is also explained. One of the advantages of this indicator is that its calculation does not require a considerable computational effort in many cases of physical and biological interest.

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Registering Seconds with a Conic Clock

The feasibility of registering seconds using the frictionless motion of a point-like particle that slides under gravity on an inverted conical surface is studied. Depending on the integer part of the relation between the angular and radial frequencies of the particle trajectory, only an angular interval for the cone is available for this purpose. For each one of these possible angles, there exists a unique trajectory that has the capability of registering seconds. The method to obtain the geometrical properties of these trajectories and the necessary initial conditions to reach them are then established.

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Symmetry induced Dynamics in four-dimensional Models deriving from the van der Pol Equation

Different models of self-excited oscillators which are four-dimensional extensions of the van der Pol system are reported. Their symmetries are analyzed. Three of them were introduced to model the release of vortices behind circular cylinders with a possible transition from a symmetric to an antisymmetric Benard-von Karman vortex street. The fourth reported self-excited oscillator is a new model which implements the breaking of the inversion symmetry. It presents the phenomenon of second harmonic generation in a natural way. The parallelism with second harmonic generation in nonlinear optics is discussed. There is also a small region in the parameter space where the dynamics of this system is quasiperiodic or chaotic.

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Basin Bifurcations in a Two-Dimensional Logistic Map

Previous works have been devoted to the study of two-dimensional noninvertible maps, obtained using a coupling between one-dimensional logistic maps. This paper is devoted to the study of a specific one, in order to complete previous results (Ref. 5 and 7), regarding the evolution of basins and attractors, when considering the tool of critical manifolds.

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Symmetry Induced Heteroclinic Cycles in a CO2 Laser

The conditions for the existence of heteroclinic connections between the transverse modes of a CO2 laser whose setup has a perfect cylindrical symmetry are discussed by symmetry arguments for the cases of three, four and five interacting modes. Explicit conditions for the parameters are derived, which can guide observation of such phenomena.

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Number and Amplitude of Limit Cycles emerging from {\it Topologically Equivalent} Perturbed Centers

We consider three examples of weekly perturbed centers which do not have {\it geometrical equivalence}: a linear center, a degenerate center and a non-hamiltonian center. In each case the number and amplitude of the limit cycles emerging from the period annulus are calculated following the same strategy: we reduce of all of them to locally equivalent perturbed integrable systems of the form: $dH(x,y)+ε(f(x,y)dy-g(x,y)dx)=0$, with $H(x,y)={1/2}(x^2+y^2)$. This reduction allows us to find the Melnikov function, $M(h)=\int_{H=h}fdy-gdx$, associated to each particular problem. We obtain the information on the bifurcation curves of the limit cycles by solving explicitly the equation $M(h)=0$ in each case.

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Transition between Two Oscillation Modes

A model for the symmetric coupling of two self-oscillators is presented. The nonlinearities cause the system to vibrate in two modes of different symmetries. The transition between these two regimes of oscillation can occur by two different scenarios. This might model the release of vortices behind circular cylinders with a possible transition from a symmetric to an antisymmetric Benard-von Karman vortex street.

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Nonlinear Interaction of Transversal Modes in a CO2 Laser

We show the possibility of achieving experimentally a Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation for the nonlinear interaction of two transverse modes ($l = \pm 1$) in a $CO_2$ laser. The system has a basic O(2) symmetry which is perturbed by some symmetry-breaking effects that still preserve the $Z_2$ symmetry. The pattern dynamics near this codimension two bifurcation under such symmetries is described. This dynamics changes drastically when the laser properties are modified.

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A Binary Approach to the Lorenz Model

The order of orbit generation in one-dimensional Lorenz-like maps is presented within a two letter symbolics scheme. This order is derived from the natural order of a set of fractions associated to the binary sequences. Its relation to the universal sequence of unimodal maps is explained.

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A Statistical Measure of Complexity

A measure of complexity based on a probabilistic description of physical systems is proposed. This measure incorporates the main features of the intuitive notion of such a magnitude. It can be applied to many physical situations and to different descriptions of a given system. Moreover, the calculation of its value does not require a considerable computational effort in many cases of physical interest.

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