Entangle: Uncovering Collaboration in the GitHub Quantum Software Ecosystem
Quantum computing is moving from research laboratories towards early commercialization and broader socio-technical adoption, supported by sustained hardware progress and a rapidly expanding open-source software ecosystem. This momentum is especially visible on GitHub, where many quantum and hybrid software projects coexist around frameworks such as Qiskit, Cirq, PennyLane and Amazon Braket. However, this ecosystem remains fragmented, making it difficult to understand who shapes quantum software, where expertise is concentrated, how collaboration flows across organizations and disciplines, and which actors connect otherwise separated communities. This paper presents Entangle, a data-driven analysis of the open-source quantum computing ecosystem on GitHub. Starting from 71 domain keywords, Entangle identifies more than 1,500 quantum repositories, 27,000 contributors and 400 organizations, revealing an ecosystem strongly organized around four leading industrial vendors, but also supported by 2,387 contributors who connect projects, organizations and domains. These findings provide practical evidence for responsible quantum innovation by making visible patterns of influence, dependency, collaboration and knowledge transfer. They also offer actionable indicators for strategic decisions on investment, hiring, partnerships, ecosystem stewardship and capacity building. More broadly, Entangle shows how open-source intelligence can support a more transparent, measurable and governable quantum software ecosystem, helping align technical development with responsible innovation, public--private coordination and long-term sustainability.