Properties of the $\mathcal V$-Monoid of Weighted Leavitt Path Algebras
For a row-finite weighted graph $(E,w)$, Preusser showed that the monoid $\mathcal{V}(L_k(E,w))$ of finitely generated projective modules over the weighted Leavitt path algebra $L_k(E,w)$ is isomorphic to a combinatorially defined weighted graph monoid $\mathcal{M}(E,w)$. We study two structural properties of $\mathcal{M}(E,w)$: confluence and cancellativity. We introduce a reduction system on the free commutative monoid presenting $\mathcal{M}(E,w)$, obtain sufficient conditions for non-confluence by constructing explicit non-confluent triples, and provide a complete confluence characterization for certain classes of weighted graphs. Turning to cancellativity, we work within Preusser's class of weighted graphs satisfying Condition (LPA), for which $L_k(E,w)$ is isomorphic to an unweighted Leavitt path algebra $L_k(F)$ via a two-step construction. We introduce an auxiliary graph associated to the intermediate step of this construction and use it to give a graph-theoretic characterization of when $\mathcal{M}(E,w)$ is cancellative. Finally, under Condition (LPA), we show that Preusser's construction upgrades to a graded isomorphism $L_k(E,w) \cong_{\operatorname{gr}} L_k(F)$ with respect to the standard $\mathbb{Z}^{λ(E,w)}$-grading of weighted Leavitt path algebras, yielding $\mathcal{V}^{\operatorname{gr}}(L_k(E,w)) \cong \mathcal{V}^{\operatorname{gr}}(L_k(F))$ as $\mathbb{Z}^{λ(E,w)}$-monoids.