arXiv subjects

Robert T. W. Martin

Publications and source records attributed to Robert T. W. Martin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Rings of non-commutative functions and their fields of fractions

Semi-free ideal rings, or semifirs, were introduced by Paul M. Cohn to study universal localizations in the non-commutative setting. We provide new examples of semifirs consisting of analytic functions in several non-commuting variables. These examples arise canonically in free analysis by completing the free algebra in the topology of ``uniform convergence on operator-space balls'' in the non-commutative universe of tuples of square matrices of any finite size. We show, in particular, that the ring of (uniformly) entire non-commutative (NC) functions in $d \in \mathbb{N}$ non-commuting variables, $\scr{O}_d$, is a semifir. Every finitely--generated right (or left) ideal in $\scr{O}_d$ is closed, which yields an analytic extension of G. Bergman's nullstellensatz for the free algebra. Any semifir admits a universal skew field of fractions; applying this to $\scr{O}_d$ yields the universal skew field of ``NC meromorphic expressions", $\scr{M} _d$. We show that any $f \in \scr{M} _d$ has a well-defined domain and evaluations in a large class of stably-finite topological algebras, including finite $C^*$-algebras, extending a result of Cohn for NC rational functions. As an application, we extend the almost sure convergence result of Haagerup and Thorbjörnsen for free polynomials evaluated on tuples of random matrices to the setting of NC meromorphic expressions.

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arXiv2026

A non-commutative de Branges-Rovnyak model for row contractions

We extend the de Branges-Rovnyak model for completely non-coisometric (CNC) linear contractions on a Hilbert space to the non-commutative multivariate setting of CNC row contractions. Namely, we show that any CNC contraction from several copies of a Hilbert space into a single copy is unitarily equivalent to the adjoint of the restricted backward right shifts acting on the de Branges-Rovnyak space of a contractive left multiplier between vector-valued "free Hardy spaces" of square-summable power series in several non-commuting (NC) variables. This contractive, operator-valued left multiplier, the characteristic function of the CNC row contraction, is a complete unitary invariant and it is always column-extreme as a contractive left multiplier. Our construction builds a model reproducing kernel Hilbert space of NC functions using a "non-commutative resolvent" of the row contraction, $T$, which is the inverse of the monic, affine linear pencil of $T$ in a certain NC unit row-ball of the NC universe of all row tuples of square matrices of all finite sizes.

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arXiv2025

Operator realizations about a matrix-centre

We develop a general theory of operator realizations, or ``linear representations" of analytic functions in several non-commuting variables about a matrix-centre. In particular we show that a non-commutative function has a matrix-centre realization about any matrix tuple, $Y$, in its domain, if and only if it is a uniformly analytic non-commutative function defined in a uniformly open neighbourhood of $Y$. This extends the finite-dimensional realization theory of non-commutative rational functions maximally -- to all uniformly analytic non-commutative functions.

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arXiv2024

Operator realizations of non-commutative analytic functions

A realization is a triple, $(A,b,c)$, consisting of a $d-$tuple, $A= (A =_1, \cdots, A_d )$, $d\in \mathbb{N}$, of bounded linear operators on a separable, complex Hilbert space, $\mathcal{H}$, and vectors $b,c \in \mathcal{H}$. Any such realization defines a (uniformly) analytic non-commutative (NC) function in an open neighbourhood of the origin, $0:= (0, \cdots , 0)$, of the NC universe of $d-$tuples of square matrices of any fixed size via the formula $h(X) = I \otimes b^* ( I \otimes I =_{\mathcal{H}} - \sum X_j \otimes A_j ) ^{-1} I \otimes c$. It is well-known that an NC function has a finite-dimensional realization if and only if it is a non-commutative rational function that is defined at $0$. Such finite realizations contain valuable information about the NC rational functions they generate. By considering more general, infinite-dimensional realizations we study, construct and characterize more general classes of uniformly analytic NC functions. In particular, we show that an NC function is (uniformly) entire, if and only if it has a jointly compact and quasinilpotent realization. Restricting our results to one variable shows that an analytic Taylor-MacLaurin series extends globally to an entire or meromorphic function if and only if it has a realization whose component operator is compact and quasinilpotent, or compact, respectively. This then motivates our definition of the set of global uniformly meromorphic NC functions as the (universal) skew field (of fractions) generated by NC rational expressions in the (semi-free ideal) ring of NC functions with jointly compact realizations.

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arXiv2024

A reproducing kernel approach to Lebesgue decomposition

We show that properties of pairs of finite, positive and regular Borel measures on the complex unit circle such as domination, absolute continuity and singularity can be completely described in terms of containment and intersection of their reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of `Cauchy transforms' in the complex unit disk. This leads to a new construction of the classical Lebesgue decomposition and proof of the Radon--Nikodym theorem using reproducing kernel theory and functional analysis.

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arXiv2023

Sub-Hardy Hilbert spaces in the non-commutative unit row-ball

In the classical Hardy space theory of square-summable Taylor series in the complex unit disk there is a circle of ideas connecting Szegö's theorem, factorization of positive semi-definite Toeplitz operators, non-extreme points of the convex set of contractive analytic functions, de Branges--Rovnyak spaces and the Smirnov class of ratios of bounded analytic functions in the disk. We extend these ideas to the multi-variable and non-commutative setting of the full Fock space, identified as the \emph{free Hardy space} of square-summable power series in several non-commuting variables. As an application, we prove a Fejér-Riesz style theorem for non-commutative rational functions.

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arXiv2023

Rational Cuntz states peak on the free disk algebra

We apply realization theory of non-commutative rational multipliers of the Fock space, or free Hardy space of square--summable power series in several non-commuting variables to the convex analysis of states on the Cuntz algebra. We show, in particular, that a large class of Cuntz states which arise as the `non-commutative Clark measures' of isometric NC rational multipliers are peak states for Popescu's free disk algebra in the sense of Clouâtre and Thompson.

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arXiv2022

On unitary equivalence to a self-adjoint or doubly-positive Hankel operator

Let $A$ be a bounded, injective and self-adjoint linear operator on a complex separable Hilbert space. We prove that there is a pure isometry, $V$, so that $AV>0$ and $A$ is Hankel with respect to $V$, i.e. $V^*A = AV$, if and only if $A$ is not invertible. The isometry $V$ can be chosen to be isomorphic to $N \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{ + \infty \}$ copies of the unilateral shift if $A$ has spectral multiplicity at most $N$. We further show that the set of all isometries, $V$, so that $A$ is Hankel with respect to $V$, are in bijection with the set of all closed, symmetric restrictions of $A^{-1}$.

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arXiv2022

Spectral Measures for Derivative Powers via Matrix-Valued Clark Theory

The theory of finite-rank perturbations allows for the determination of spectral information for broad classes of operators using the tools of analytic function theory. In this work, finite-rank perturbations are applied to powers of the derivative operator, providing a full account from self-adjoint boundary conditions to computing aspects of the operators' matrix-valued spectral measures. In particular, the support and weights of the Clark (spectral) measures are computed via the connection between matrix-valued contractive analytic functions and matrix-valued nonnegative measures through the Herglotz Representation Theorem. For operators associated with several powers of the derivative, explicit formulae for these measures are included. While eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for these operators with fixed boundary conditions can often be computed using direct methods from ordinary differential equations, this approach provides a more complete picture of the spectral information.

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arXiv2022

Non-commutative rational Clark measures

We characterize the non-commutative Aleksandrov--Clark measures and the minimal realization formulas of contractive and, in particular, isometric non-commutative rational multipliers of the Fock space. Here, the full Fock space over $\mathbb{C} ^d$ is defined as the Hilbert space of square--summable power series in several non-commuting formal variables, and we interpret this space as the non-commutative and multi-variable analogue of the Hardy space of square--summable Taylor series in the complex unit disk. We further obtain analogues of several classical results in Aleksandrov--Clark measure theory for non-commutative and contractive rational multipliers. Non-commutative measures are defined as positive linear functionals on a certain self-adjoint subspace of the Cuntz--Toeplitz algebra, the unital $C^*-$algebra generated by the left creation operators on the full Fock space. Our results demonstrate that there is a fundamental relationship between NC Hardy space theory, representation theory of the Cuntz--Toeplitz and Cuntz algebras, and the emerging field of non-commutative rational functions.

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arXiv2022

A non-commutative F&M Riesz Theorem

We extend results on analytic complex measures on the complex unit circle to a non-commutative multivariate setting. Identifying continuous linear functionals on a certain self-adjoint subspace of the Cuntz--Toeplitz $C^*-$algebra, the free disk operator system, with non-commutative (NC) analogues of complex measures, we refine a previously developed Lebesgue decomposition for positive NC measures to establish an NC version of the Frigyes and Marcel Riesz Theorem for `analytic' measures, i.e. complex measures with vanishing positive moments. The proof relies on novel results on the order properties of positive NC measures that we develop and extend from classical measure theory.

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arXiv2021

Unbounded multipliers of complete Pick spaces

We examine densely defined (but possibly unbounded) multiplication operators in Hilbert function spaces possessing a complete Nevanlinna-Pick (CNP) kernel. For such a densely defined operator $T$, the domains of $T$ and $T^*$ are reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces contractively contained in the ambient space. We study several aspects of these spaces, especially the domain of $T^*$, which can be viewed as analogs of the classical deBranges-Rovnyak spaces in the unit disk.

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arXiv2021

Fatou's Theorem for Non-commutative Measures

A classical theorem of Fatou asserts that the Radon-Nikodym derivative of any finite positive Borel measure, $μ$, with respect to Lebesgue measure on the complex unit circle, is recovered as the non-tangential limits of its Poisson transform in the complex unit disk. This positive harmonic Poisson transform is the real part of an analytic function whose Taylor coefficients are in fixed proportion to the conjugate moments of $μ$. Replacing Taylor series in one variable by power series in several non-commuting variables, we show that Fatou's Theorem and related results have natural extensions to the setting of positive harmonic functions in an open unit ball of several non-commuting matrix-variables, and a corresponding class of positive \emph{non-commutative (NC) measures}. Here, an NC measure is any positive linear functional on a certain self-adjoint unital subspace of the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra, the $C^*-$algebra generated by the left creation operators on the full Fock space.

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arXiv2021

Analytic functionals for the non-commutative disc algebra

The main objects of study in this paper are those functionals that are analytic in the sense that they annihilate the non-commutative disc algebra. In the classical univariate case, a theorem of F. and M. Riesz implies that such functionals must be given as integration against an absolutely continuous measure on the circle. We develop generalizations of this result to the multivariate non-commutative setting, upon reinterpreting the classical result. In one direction, we show that the GNS representation naturally associated to an analytic functional on the Cuntz algebra cannot have any singular summand. Following a different interpretation, we seek weak-$*$ continuous extensions of analytic functionals on the free disc operator system. In contrast with the classical setting, such extensions do not always exist, and we identify the obstruction precisely in terms of the so-called universal structure projection. We also apply our ideas to commutative algebras of multipliers on some complete Nevanlinna--Pick function spaces.

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arXiv2020

Non-commutative rational functions in the full Fock space

A rational function belongs to the Hardy space, $H^2$, of square-summable power series if and only if it is bounded in the complex unit disk. Any such rational function is necessarily analytic in a disk of radius greater than one. The inner-outer factorization of a rational function, $\mathfrak{r} \in H^2$ is particularly simple: The inner factor of $\mathfrak{r}$ is a (finite) Blaschke product and (hence) both the inner and outer factors are again rational. We extend these and other basic facts on rational functions in $H^2$ to the full Fock space over $\mathbb{C}^d$, identified as the \emph{non-commutative (NC) Hardy space} of square-summable power series in several NC variables. In particular, we characterize when an NC rational function belongs to the Fock space, we prove analogues of classical results for inner-outer factorizations of NC rational functions and NC polynomials, and we obtain spectral results for NC rational multipliers.

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arXiv2020

A de Branges-Beurling theorem for the full Fock space

We extend the de Branges-Beurling theorem characterizing the shift-invariant spaces boundedly contained in the Hardy space of square-summable power series to the full Fock space over $\mathbb{C} ^d$. Here, the full Fock space is identified as the \emph{Non-commutative (NC) Hardy Space} of square-summable Taylor series in several non-commuting variables. We then proceed to study lattice operations on NC kernels and operator-valued multipliers between vector-valued Fock spaces. In particular, we demonstrate that the operator-valued Fock space multipliers with common coefficient range space form a bounded general lattice modulo a natural equivalence relation.

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arXiv2020

Matrix-valued Aleksandrov--Clark measures and Carathéodory angular derivatives

This paper deals with families of matrix-valued Aleksandrov--Clark measures $\{\boldsymbolμ^α\}_{α\in\mathcal{U}(n)}$, corresponding to purely contractive $n\times n$ matrix functions $b$ on the unit disc of the complex plane. We do not make other apriori assumptions on $b$. In particular, $b$ may be non-inner and/or non-extreme. The study of such families is mainly motivated from applications to unitary finite rank perturbation theory. A description of the absolutely continuous parts of $\boldsymbolμ^α$ is a rather straightforward generalization of the well-known results for the scalar case ($n=1$). The results and proofs for the singular parts of matrix-valued $\boldsymbolμ^α$ are more complicated than in the scalar case, and constitute the main focus of this paper. We discuss matrix-valued Aronszajn--Donoghue theory concerning the singular parts of the Clark measures, as well as Carathéodory angular derivatives of matrix-valued functions and their connections with atoms of $\boldsymbolμ^α$. These results are far from being straightforward extensions from the scalar case: new phenomena specific to the matrix-valued case appear here. New ideas, including the notion of directionality, are required in statements and proofs.

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arXiv2020

Blaschke-Singular-Outer factorization of free non-commutative functions

By classical results of Herglotz and F. Riesz, any bounded analytic function in the complex unit disk has a unique inner-outer factorization. Here, a bounded analytic function is called \emph{inner} or \emph{outer} if multiplication by this function defines an isometry or has dense range, respectively, as a linear operator on the Hardy Space, $H^2$, of analytic functions in the complex unit disk with square-summable Taylor series. This factorization can be further refined; any inner function $θ$ decomposes uniquely as the product of a \emph{Blaschke inner} function and a \emph{singular inner} function, where the Blaschke inner contains all the vanishing information of $θ$, and the singular inner factor has no zeroes in the unit disk. We prove an exact analog of this factorization in the context of the full Fock space, identified as the \emph{Non-commutative Hardy Space} of analytic functions defined in a certain multi-variable non-commutative open unit disk.

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