arXiv subjects

Roberto Sordini

Publications and source records attributed to Roberto Sordini.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Lava Lakes on Io: crust age and implications for thermal output

Recent observations by the JIRAM instrument onboard NASA's Juno mission have confirmed that many of Io's volcanic hot spots are active lava lakes, characterized by a colder central crust surrounded by a hotter peripheral ring. In this study, we investigate the thermal properties of thirty such lava lakes, providing new constraints on their structure and energy budget. We find that most of the total power from Io's lava lakes comes from their low-temperature crusts rather than the hotter peripheral rings, suggesting previous estimates underestimated lava lake power by up to a factor of 10. Io's paterae undergo stochastic resurfacing on timescales of roughly a decade, with each lake possibly following its own characteristic cycle. We also explore the relationship between the average temperature of the crust and the evolutionary state of each lake, offering insights into the frequency of resurfacing processes. Finally, we propose an improved assessment of Io's global thermal output, emphasizing that only full-surface observation of Io with sufficient spatial and spectral resolution can yield realistic values for the moon's volcanic total heat flux.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2025

Conceptual framework for the application of deep neural networks to surface composition reconstruction from Mercury's exospheric data

Surface information derived from exospheric measurements at planetary bodies complements surface mapping provided by dedicated imagers, offering critical insights into surface release processes, interactions within the planetary environment, space weathering, and planetary evolution. This study explores the feasibility of deriving Mercury's regolith elemental composition from in-situ measurements of its neutral exosphere using deep neural networks (DNNs). We present a supervised feed-forward DNN architecture - a multilayer perceptron (MLP) - that, starting from exospheric densities and proton precipitation fluxes, predicts the chemical elements of the surface regolith below. It serves as an estimator for the surface-exosphere interaction and the processes leading to exosphere formation. Because the DNN requires a comprehensive exospheric dataset not available from previous missions, this study uses simulated exosphere components and simulated drivers. Extensive training and testing campaigns demonstrate the MLP's ability to accurately predict and reconstruct surface composition maps from these simulated measurements. Although this initial version does not aim to reproduce Mercury's actual surface composition, it provides a proof of concept, showcasing the algorithm's robustness and capacity for handling complex datasets to create estimators for exospheric generation models. Moreover, our tests reveal substantial potential for further development, suggesting that this method could significantly enhance the analysis of complex surface-exosphere interactions and complement planetary exosphere models. This work anticipates applying the approach to data from the BepiColombo mission, specifically the SERENA package, whose nominal phase begins in 2027.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2024

Widespread occurrence of lava lakes on Io observed from Juno

We report recent observations of lava lakes within patera on Io made by the JIRAM imager/spectrometer on board the Juno spacecraft, taken during close observation occurred in the extended mission. At least 40 lava lakes have been identified from JIRAM observations. The majority (>50%) of paterae have elevated thermal signatures when imaged at sufficiently high spatial resolution (a few km/pixel), implying that lava lakes are ubiquitous on Io. The annular width of the spattering region around the margins, a characteristic of lava lakes, is of the order of few meters to tens of meters, the diameter of the observed lava lakes ranges from 10 to 100 km. The thickness of the crust in the center of some lava lakes is of the order of 5-10 m; we estimate that this crust is a few years old. Also, the bulk of the thermal emission comes from the much larger crust and not from the smaller exposed lava, so the total power output cannot be calculated from the 5-um radiance alone. Eight of the proposed lava lakes have never been reported previously as active hotspots.

astro-ph.EP↗