Eliminating the Hadronic Uncertainty
The Standard Model Lagrangian requires the values of the fermion masses, the Higgs mass and three other experimentally well-measured quantities as input in order to become predictive. These are typically taken to be $α$, $G_μ$ and $M_Z$. Using the first of these, however, introduces a hadronic contribution that leads to a significant error. If a quantity could be found that was measured at high energy with sufficient precision then it could be used to replace $α$ as input. The level of precision required for this to happen is given for a number of precisely-measured observables. The $W$ boson mass must be measured with an error of $\pm13$\,MeV, $Γ_Z$ to $0.7$\,MeV and polarization asymmetry, $A_{LR}$, to $\pm0.002$ that would seem to be the most promising candidate. The rôle of renormalized parameters in perturbative calculations is reviewed and the value for the electromagnetic coupling constant in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ renormalization scheme that is consistent with all experimental data is obtained to be $α^{-1}_{\overline{\rm MS}}(M^2_Z)=128.17$.