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Rory O'Dwyer

Publications and source records attributed to Rory O'Dwyer.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

Extended Body Propagators

Three seemingly distinct extended-body propagators devised by Ansoldi et al., Erbin et al., and Stanford et al.\ respectively arise in completely different settings, though each can be considered a realization of the Polyakov path integral. This paper proves that the Ansoldi propagator corresponds to the characteristic function of the random variable with the probability density function $f(A)=C\,A\,(α^{2}+A^{2})^{-D/2}\mathbf{1}_{A>0}$ in ambient dimension $D$, of scale $α=\sqrt{b/2}$. The exponent is fixed by the dimension and by nothing else in the Ansoldi/geometric comparison; the on-shell two-point amplitude of Erbin et al. and JT gravity agree with its $D=4$ member in the senses made precise below. After an extensive literature review, the author believes that this observation and constructed area measure is novel. The area measure will, however, emerge as the natural candidate for the extension of the earlier non-extended body path space measures to two dimensional simplicial complexes. We further show that the area measure of this paper is exactly the law of the area of a triangle, two of whose sides are drawn from the measure obtained in the companion manuscripts for the one-dimensional Polyakov integral. We close with an argument, rigorous in part, which reduces the measure of tubular worldsheets between two arbitrary boundary curves to that of this triangle.

math-ph↗

Expected Sensitivity of the Light Dark Matter eXperiment to Long-Lived Dark Photons and Axion-Like Particles

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron-beam fixed-target experiment primarily designed to achieve world-leading, model-independent sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter particles. LDMX aims to identify dark sector particle production through the detection of events with substantial missing energy and momentum, a signature of invisible particles escaping detection. Beyond this primary objective, LDMX offers a complementary search strategy for long-lived, visibly decaying particles, such as dark photons and axion-like particles. We present the first detailed evaluation of the ability of LDMX to identify visibly decaying, long-lived particles that couple to electrons using a detailed simulation, based on the Geant4-toolkit, that incorporates realistic detection efficiencies and background levels. We demonstrate that LDMX can achieve a sensitivity that is competitive with other experiments that are currently running. The models explored in this paper are distinct and complementary to those probed in the LDMX flagship missing-momentum analysis. Through searching for both invisible dark matter and visibly decaying long-lived signatures, LDMX will significantly advance the search for light dark matter and provide a broad exploration of the sub-GeV dark sector.

hep-ex↗

Measurement of the LCLS-II dark current using the LDMX Trigger Scintillator Prototype

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is a proposed fixed-target missing momentum search for sub-GeV thermal relic dark matter. LDMX aims to probe thermal dark matter targets with 1016 electrons on target. Such an approach requires a high-repetition rate, low-current beam, with an average of one electron on target per event. These requirements are well-suited to the DArk Sector Experiments at LCLS-II (DASEL) facility, which will take advantage of the unused RF buckets between LCLS-II bunches to produce a well-defined low-current beam with a 26.9 ns bunch spacing. This document describes the results of a measurement of dark current in the Sector 30 transfer line (S30XL) of the LCLS-II beam, using a prototype of the LDMX trigger scintillator (TS) subsystem.

hep-ex↗

Sensitivity of an Early Dark Matter Search using the Electromagnetic Calorimeter as a Target for the Light Dark Matter eXperiment

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is proposed to employ a thin tungsten target and a multi-GeV electron beam to carry out a missing momentum search for the production of dark matter candidate particles. We study the sensitivity for a complementary missing-energy-based search using the LDMX Electromagnetic Calorimeter as an active target with a focus on early running. In this context, we construct an event selection from a limited set of variables that projects sensitivity into previously-unexplored regions of light dark matter phase space -- down to an effective dark photon interaction strength $y$ of approximately $2\times10^{-13}$ ($5\times10^{-12}$) for a 1MeV (10MeV) dark matter candidate mass.

hep-ex↗

LDMX -- The Light Dark Matter eXperiment

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron fixed-target experiment optimized to search for sub-GeV dark matter production through the missing momentum signature. LDMX is designed to operate in End Station A at SLAC, using an 8 GeV electron beam accelerated alongside the LCLS-II drive beam. The design of the apparatus is strongly motivated by the performance requirements of a high-rate missing momentum search and leverages detector technologies and designs from other experiments along with existing facilities at SLAC. LDMX will improve on previous results by up to three orders of magnitude, enabling broad sensitivity to dark sector scenarios including the dark matter interaction strengths motivated by freeze-out of MeV-GeV mass dark matter to the observed relic abundance. With hermetic forward coverage, LDMX also has sensitivity to visible signatures of dark sectors and provides a unique probe of electron-nuclear interactions important to interpreting data from accelerator-based neutrino experiments. This report encompasses the technical design of the LDMX Detector, its simulated performance, and the physics capabilities of the experiment.

hep-ex↗

The Double Bubble Problem in the Hexagonal Norm

We study the double bubble problem where the perimeter is taken with respect to the hexagonal norm, i.e. the norm whose unit circle in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is the regular hexagon. We provide an elementary proof for the existence of minimizing sets for volume ratio parameter $α\in (0,1]$ by arguing that any minimizer must belong to a small family of parameterized sets. This family is further simplified by showing that $60^{\circ}$ angles are not optimal as well as other geometric exclusions. We then provide a minimizer for all $α\in(0,1]$ except at a single point, for which we find two minimizing configurations.

math.MG↗

A Geometric Picture of Perturbative QFT

In previous work, a lattice scalar propagator was rigorously defined in $d=1$ flat space and shown to equal the known Klein-Gordon propagator of QFT. This work generalizes this lattice propagator to manifolds whose universal cover is the hyperbolic half plane as well as a broad class of higher dimensional manifolds. We motivate a conjecture for the power spectrum of these curved space propagators. Afterwards, an analogous definition of the Dirac spinor propagator is defined. The formulation of these propagators are unified by the understanding of the object as a Fourier transform of the volume of path space of paths with the same length $I$ to mass $m$; the main theorem of this work will be to demonstrate that the point correlators of scalar perturbative QFT can be understood as a Fourier transform of the volume of path space of paths, which realize a Feynman diagram and have some total length I. After demonstrating this theorem, the author goes on to conjecture the point correlators of the Abelian Higgs Model in this geometric formulation.

math-ph↗

Relativistic Propagators on Lattices

I define the lattice propagator on a very general collection of graphs, namely graphs locally isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}^{d}\times \mathbb{Z}$. I then define polygonal approximations to the minkowski metric and define a corresponding lattice propagator for these. I show in $d=1$, as suggested by the metric approximation, the continuum limit of the polygonal propagators converges to the Klien Gordon Propagator. Finally, I obtain the taxicab polygonal propagator in a very general collection of spaces, including $\mathbb{T}^{d}$, the Klein bottle, and a discretization of de-Sitter space.

math-ph↗

Photon-rejection Power of the Light Dark Matter eXperiment in an 8 GeV Beam

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron-beam fixed-target experiment designed to achieve comprehensive model independent sensitivity to dark matter particles in the sub-GeV mass region. An upgrade to the LCLS-II accelerator will increase the beam energy available to LDMX from 4 to 8 GeV. Using detailed GEANT4-based simulations, we investigate the effect of the increased beam energy on the capabilities to separate signal and background, and demonstrate that the veto methodology developed for 4 GeV successfully rejects photon-induced backgrounds for at least $2\times10^{14}$ electrons on target at 8 GeV.

hep-ex↗

The Heavy Photon Search Experiment

The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is designed to search for a new vector boson $A^\prime$ in the mass range of 20 MeV/$c^2$ to 220 MeV/$c^2$ that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model photon with couplings $ε^2 >10^{-10}$. In addition to the general importance of exploring light, weakly coupled physics that is difficult to probe with high-energy colliders, a prime motivation for this search is the possibility that sub-GeV thermal relics constitute dark matter, a scenario that requires a new comparably light mediator, where models with a hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, a "dark", "hidden sector", or "heavy" photon, are particularly attractive. HPS searches for visible signatures of these heavy photons, taking advantage of their small coupling to electric charge to produce them via a process analogous to bremsstrahlung in a fixed target and detect their subsequent decay to $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ pairs in a compact spectrometer. In addition to searching for $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ resonances atop large QED backgrounds, HPS has the ability to precisely measure decay lengths, resulting in unique sensitivity to dark photons, as well as other long-lived new physics. After completion of the experiment and operation of engineering runs in 2015 and 2016 at the JLab CEBAF, physics runs in 2019 and 2021 have provided datasets that are now being analyzed to search for dark photons and other new phenomena.

hep-ex↗

An elementary proof for the Double Bubble problem in $\ell^1$ norm

We study the double bubble problem with perimeter taken with respect to the $\ell_1$ norm on $\mathbb{R}^2$. We give an elementary proof for the existence of minimizing sets for any volume ratio parameter $0<α\le1$ by direct comparison to a small family of parameterized sets. By simple analysis on this family we obtain the minimizing shapes found in Morgan et al 1998.

math.GT↗