arXiv subjects

Ruiying Zeng

Publications and source records attributed to Ruiying Zeng.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Bringing Managed Language Support to WebAssembly with External Library Linking

WebAssembly (Wasm) has emerged as a powerful bytecode format for running applications with near-native performance in portable and secure environments. However, while Wasm currently supports compiled languages like C, C++, and Rust, it lacks robust support for managed languages such as Python, Java, and JavaScript. This limitation hinders the deployment of applications in domains like machine learning and data processing that rely heavily on managed language ecosystems. To address this, we propose WALL-E, a novel framework to integrate managed languages into Wasm environments without complex runtime nesting or recompilation. WALL-E employs a unique external library linking strategy, using a client-server architecture to connect Wasm modules with managed language libraries running in their native runtimes. This approach preserves the native execution speed and language feature compatibility of managed languages by eliminating the overhead associated with double-layer virtual machines. Our evaluation shows that WALL-E supports ten managed languages without framework modifications and achieves a speedup of hundreds of times over the runtime nesting solution, with low communication overhead. WALL-E enhances the practicality of Wasm in cloud and edge computing, enabling efficient multi-language applications.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

Debugging Performance Issues in WebAssembly Runtimes via Mutation-based Inference

Performance debugging in WebAssembly (Wasm) runtimes is essential for ensuring the robustness of Wasm, especially since performance issues have frequently occurred in Wasm runtimes, which can significantly degrade the capabilities of hosted services. Many performance issues in Wasm runtimes result from suboptimal compilation of input Wasm programs, for which existing performance debugging methods primarily designed for application-level inefficiencies are not well-suited. In this paper, we present WarpL, a novel mutation-based approach that aims to identify the exact suboptimal instruction sequences responsible for the performance issues in Wasm runtimes, thereby narrowing down the root causes. Specifically, WarpL obtains a functionally similar mutant in which the performance issue does not manifest, and isolates the exact suboptimal instructions by comparing the machine code of the original and mutated programs. We implement WarpL as an open-source tool and evaluate it on 12 real-world performance issues across three widely used Wasm runtimes. WarpL identified the exact causes in 10 out of 12 issues. Notably, we have used WarpL to successfully diagnose six previously unknown performance issues in Wasmtime.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2024

Distinguishability-guided Test Program Generation for WebAssembly Runtime Performance Testing

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format designed as a portable compilation target, which has been widely used on both the web and server sides in recent years. As high performance is a critical design goal of Wasm, it is essential to conduct performance testing for Wasm runtimes. However, existing research on Wasm runtime performance testing still suffers from insufficient high-quality test programs. To solve this problem, we propose a novel test program generation approach WarpGen. It first extracts code snippets from historical issue-triggering test programs as initial operators, then inserts an operator into a seed program to synthesize a new test program. To verify the quality of generated programs, we propose an indicator called distinguishability, which refers to the ability of a test program to distinguish abnormal performance of specific Wasm runtimes. We apply WarpGen for performance testing on four Wasm runtimes and verify its effectiveness compared with baseline approaches. In particular, WarpGen has identified seven new performance issues in three Wasm runtimes.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2023

Revealing Performance Issues in Server-side WebAssembly Runtimes via Differential Testing

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a bytecode format originally serving as a compilation target for Web applications. It has recently been used increasingly on the server side, e.g., providing a safer, faster, and more portable alternative to Linux containers. With the popularity of server-side Wasm applications, it is essential to study performance issues (i.e., abnormal latency) in Wasm runtimes, as they may cause a significant impact on server-side applications. However, there is still a lack of attention to performance issues in server-side Wasm runtimes. In this paper, we design a novel differential testing approach WarpDiff to identify performance issues in server-side Wasm runtimes. The key insight is that in normal cases, the execution time of the same test case on different Wasm runtimes should follow an oracle ratio. We identify abnormal cases where the execution time ratio significantly deviates from the oracle ratio and subsequently locate the Wasm runtimes that cause the performance issues. We apply WarpDiff to test five popular server-side Wasm runtimes using 123 test cases from the LLVM test suite and demonstrate the top 10 abnormal cases we identified. We further conduct an in-depth analysis of these abnormal cases and summarize seven performance issues, all of which have been confirmed by the developers. We hope our work can inspire future investigation on improving Wasm runtime implementation and thus promoting the development of server-side Wasm applications.

cs.SE↗