arXiv subjects

Ruth Birch

Publications and source records attributed to Ruth Birch.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Large volume 'chunk' lift out for 3D tomographic analysis using analytical plasma focussed ion beam -- scanning electron microscopy

Characterization of the structure and properties of materials in three dimensions, including grains and the residual pattern of deformation, provides necessary information required to guide materials design as well as support materials modelling efforts. In this work, we present an overview of site-specific large volume 'chunk' lift out and 3D serial sectioning of substantive volumes (e.g. 200 x 200 x 400 um3), where sectioning is optimized for 3D electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) based crystallographic analysis, using a plasma (Xe) focussed ion beam scanning electron microscope (plasma FIB-SEM) equipped to perform EBSD using a 'static' configuration (i.e. slicing and EBSD-mapping are performed without moving the sample). This workflow is demonstrated through the 3D plasma FIB-SEM based EBSD analysis of an indent made within a polycrystal of pure magnesium. The lift out approach is suitable for a wide range of materials, and we offer a step-by-step guide within the present work to provide opportunity for others to more easily enter this field and collect valuable data.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2025

Practical considerations for crystallographic and microstructure mapping with direct electron detector-based electron backscatter diffraction

Compact direct electron detectors are becoming increasingly popular in electron microscopy applications including electron backscatter diffraction, as they offer an opportunity for low cost and accessible microstructural analysis. In this work, we explore how one of these commercial devices based on the Timepix chip can be optimized to obtain high quality data quickly and easily, through careful systematic analysis of a variety of samples, including: semiconductor silicon, commercially pure nickel, a dual phase titanium-molybdenum alloy, and a silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite. Our findings provide strategies for very fast collection of orientation maps, including at low voltage (5-10 keV) and low beam current conditions. Additionally, strategies for collection of very high quality EBSD patterns are demonstrated that have significant potential for advanced EBSD applications (e.g. elastic strain mapping).

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2022

Optimizing broad ion beam polishing of zircaloy-4 for electron backscatter diffraction analysis

Microstructural analysis with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) involves sectioning and polishing to create a flat and preparation-artifact free surface. The quality of EBSD analysis is often dependant on this step, and this motivates us to explore how broad ion beam (BIB) milling can be optimised for the preparation of zircaloy-4 with different grain sizes. We systematically explore the role of ion beam angle, ion beam voltage, polishing duration and polishing temperature and how this changes the surface roughness and indexing quality. Our results provide a method to routinely prepare high-quality Zircaloy-4 surfaces, and methods to optimise BIB polishing of other materials for high-quality EBSD studies.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2021

Effective structural unit analysis in hexagonal close packed alloys -- reconstruction of parent beta microstructures & crystal orientation post processing analysis

Materials with an allotropic phase transformation can result in the formation of microstructures where grains have orientation relationships (ORs) determined by the transformation history. These microstructures influence the final material properties. In zirconium alloys, there is a solid-state body centred cubic (BCC) to hexagonal close packed (HCP) phase transformation, where the crystal orientations of the HCP phase can be related to the parent BCC structure via the Burgers orientation relationship (BOR). In the present work, we adapt a reconstruction code developed for steels which uses a Markov Chain clustering algorithm to analyse electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps and apply this to the HCP and BCC BOR. This algorithm is released as open-source code (via github, as ParentBOR). The algorithm enables new post processing of the original and reconstructed data set to analyse the variants of the HCP alpha-phase that are present and understand shared crystal planes and shared lattice directions within each parent beta grain, and we anticipate that this assists in understanding the transformation related deformation properties of the final microstructure. Finally, we compare the ParentBOR code with recently released reconstruction codes implemented in MTEX to reveal differences and similarities in how the microstructure is described.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2021

Nanoscale characterisation of hydrides and secondary phase particles in Zircaloy-4

The interaction of hydrogen and metals continues to be industrially relevant and is a critical part of creating and supporting a safety case for nuclear reactor operation. In the present work, we explore hydrogen storage and hydride formation in a zirconium alloy. We characterise the structure and interfaces of fine scale hydrides using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS/EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and high-resolution STEM. Chemical characterisation is supported further with atom probe tomography (APT). Samples were prepared with cryo-focussed ion beam machining (cryo-FIB) and contain hydrides in α-Zr matrix and hydrides associated with one FeCrZr secondary phase particle (SPP). Major findings include characterisation of different interface planes based upon the size of the hydrides and chemical redistribution of solute ahead of the hydride-metal interface. We also find significant (up to 6 at%) hydrogen retained in solution within the zirconium matrix and show a hydride with only 17 at% hydrogen, which is well below that of a ξ-phase stoichiometry suggesting it is an embryonic hydride. These findings help us understand the distribution of hydrogen and the nanoscale morphology of hydrides, which may influence the lifetime of zirconium-based nuclear fuel cladding.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

The effect of cooling rate and grain size on hydride formation in Zircaloy-4

We explore the distribution, morphology and structure of zirconium hydrides formed using different cooling rates through the solid state Zr+[H] --> Zr + hydride transus, in fine and blocky alpha Zircaloy-4. We observe that cooling rate and grain size control the phase and distribution of hydrides. The blocky alpha (coarse grain, > 200 micrometer) Zircaloy-4, has a smaller grain boundary area to grain volume ratio and this significantly affects nucleation and growth of hydrides as compared to fine grain size (~11 micrometer) material.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗