arXiv subjects

Ryan Hausen

Publications and source records attributed to Ryan Hausen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2025

The JADES Origins Field: A New JWST Deep Field in the JADES Second NIRCam Data Release

We summarize the properties and initial data release of the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the longest single pointing yet imaged with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This field falls within the GOODS-S region about 8' south-west of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), where it was formed initially in Cycle 1 as a parallel field of HUDF spectroscopic observations within the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). This imaging was greatly extended in Cycle 2 program 3215, which observed the JOF for 5 days in six medium-band filters, seeking robust candidates for z>15 galaxies. This program also includes ultra-deep parallel NIRSpec spectroscopy (up to 91 hours on-source, summing over the dispersion modes) on the HUDF. Cycle 3 observations from program 4540 added 20 hours of NIRCam slitless spectroscopy and F070W imaging to the JOF. With these three campaigns, the JOF was observed for 380 open-shutter hours with NIRCam using 15 imaging filters and 2 grism bandpasses. Further, parts of the JOF have deep 43 hr MIRI observations in F770W. Taken together, the JOF is one of the most compelling deep fields available with JWST and a powerful window into the early Universe. This paper presents the second data release from JADES, featuring the imaging and catalogs from the year 1 JOF observations.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

The Stellar Populations and Rest-Frame Colors of Star-Forming Galaxies at $z \approx 8$: Exploring the Impact of Filter Choice and Star Formation History Assumption with JADES

Our understanding of the physical properties of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR, at $z > 6$) suffers from degeneracies among the apparent properties of the stars, the nebular gas, and the dust. These degeneracies are most prominent with photometry, which has insufficient (1) spectral resolution and (2) rest-frame spectral coverage. We explore ways to break these degeneracies with a sample of $N = 22$ high-redshift star-forming galaxies at $7 < z_{\mathrm{phot}} \leq 9$, using some of the deepest existing imaging from JWST/NIRCam and JWST/MIRI with JADES. Key to this study is the imaging from JWST/MIRI at $7.7\ μ\mathrm{m}$, which provides coverage of the rest-frame $I$-band at the observed redshifts. We infer stellar population properties and rest-frame colors using a variety of filter sets and star formation history assumptions to explore the impact of these choices. Evaluating these quantities both with and without the $7.7\ μ\mathrm{m}$ data point shows that dense spectral coverage with JWST/NIRCam (eight or more filters, including at least one medium-band) can compensate for lacking the rest-frame $I$-band coverage for the vast majority ($\approx 80\%$) of our sample. Furthermore, these galaxy properties are most consistently determined by assuming the delayed-tau star formation history, which provides the smallest offsets and scatters around these offsets when including JWST/MIRI. Within extragalactic surveys like JADES and CEERS, our findings suggest that robust characterization of the stellar population properties and rest-frame colors for high-redshift star-forming galaxies is possible with JWST/NIRCam alone at $z \approx 8$.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

Fitting Coarse-Grained Models to Macroscopic Experimental Data via Automatic Differentiation

Developing physics-based models for molecular simulation requires fitting many unknown parameters to diverse experimental datasets. Traditionally, this process is piecemeal and difficult to reproduce, leading to a fragmented landscape of models. Here, we establish a systematic, extensible framework for fitting coarse-grained molecular models to macroscopic experimental data by leveraging recently developed methods for computing low-variance gradient estimates with automatic differentiation. Using a widely validated DNA force field as an exemplar, we develop methods for optimizing structural, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties across a range of simulation techniques, including enhanced sampling and external forcing, spanning micro- and millisecond timescales. We highlight how gradients enable efficient sensitivity analyses that yield physical insight. We then demonstrate the broad applicability of these techniques by optimizing diverse biomolecular systems, including RNA and DNA-protein hybrid models. We show how conflict-free gradient methods from multi-task learning can be adapted to impose multiple constraints simultaneously without compromising accuracy. This approach provides a foundation for transparent, reproducible, community-driven force field development, accelerating progress in molecular modeling.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2025

JADES: A large population of obscured, narrow line AGN at high redshift

We present the identification of 42 narrow-line active galactic nuclei (type-2 AGN) candidates in the two deepest observations of the JADES spectroscopic survey with JWST/NIRSpec. The spectral coverage and the depth of our observations allow us to select narrow-line AGNs based on both rest-frame optical and UV emission lines up to z=10. Due to the metallicity decrease of galaxies, at $z>3$ the standard optical diagnostic diagrams (N2-BPT or S2-VO87) become unable to distinguish many AGN from other sources of photoionisation. Therefore, we also use high ionisation lines, such as HeII$λ$4686, HeII$λ$1640, NeIV$λ$2422, NeV$λ$3420, and NV$λ$1240, also in combination with other UV transitions, to trace the presence of AGN. Out of a parent sample of 209 galaxies, we identify 42 type-2 AGN (although 10 of them are tentative), giving a fraction of galaxies in JADES hosting type-2 AGN of about $20\pm3$\%, which does not evolve significantly in the redshift range between 2 and 10. The selected type-2 AGN have estimated bolometric luminosities of $10^{41.3-44.9}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and host-galaxy stellar masses of $10^{7.2-9.3}$ M$_{\odot}$. The star formation rates of the selected AGN host galaxies are consistent with those of the star-forming main sequence. The AGN host galaxies at z=4-6 contribute $\sim$8-30 \% to the UV luminosity function, slightly increasing with UV luminosity.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

JADES: Primaeval Lyman-$\mathrmα$ emitting galaxies reveal early sites of reionisation out to redshift $z \sim 9$

$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$Given the sensitivity of the resonant Lyman-$\mathrmα$ (Ly$\mathrmα$) transition to absorption by neutral hydrogen, observations of Ly$\mathrmα$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) have been widely used to probe the ionising capabilities of reionisation-era galaxies and their impact on the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, prior to JWST our understanding of the contribution of fainter sources and of ionised `bubbles' at earlier stages of reionisation remained uncertain. Here, we present the characterisation of three exceptionally distant LAEs at $z>8$, newly discovered by JWST/NIRSpec in the JADES survey. These three similarly bright ($M_\text{UV} \approx -20\,\mathrm{mag}$) LAEs exhibit small Ly$\mathrmα$ velocity offsets from the systemic redshift, $Δv_\mathrm{Lyα} \lesssim 200\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, yet span a range of Ly$\mathrmα$ equivalent widths ($15\,Å$, $31\,Å$, and $132\,Å$). The former two show moderate Ly$\mathrmα$ escape fractions ($f_\mathrm{esc,Lyα} \approx 10\%$), whereas Ly$\mathrmα$ escapes remarkably efficiently from the third ($f_\mathrm{esc,Lyα} \approx 72\%$), which moreover is very compact (half-light radius of $90\pm10\,\mathrm{pc}$). We find these LAEs are low-mass galaxies dominated by very recent, vigorous bursts of star formation accompanied by strong nebular emission from metal-poor gas. We infer the two LAEs with modest $f_\mathrm{esc,Lyα}$, one of which reveals evidence for ionisation by an active galactic nucleus, may have reasonably produced small ionised bubbles preventing complete IGM absorption of Ly$\mathrmα$. The third, however, requires a $\sim 3\,\text{physical Mpc}$ bubble, indicating faint galaxies have contributed significantly. The most distant LAEs thus continue to be powerful observational probes into the earlier stages of reionisation.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

The Relation between AGN and Host Galaxy Properties in the JWST Era: I. Seyferts at Cosmic Noon are Obscured and Disturbed

The morphology of a galaxy reflects the mix of physical processes occurring within and around it, offering indirect clues to its formation and evolution. We apply both visual classification and computer vision to test the suspected connection between galaxy mergers and AGN activity, as evidenced by a close/merging galaxy pair, or tidal features surrounding an apparently singular system. We use JADES JWST/NIRCam imagery of a complete, mutliwavelength AGN sample recently expanded with JWST/MIRI photometry. This 0.9-25 $μ$m dataset enables constraints on the host galaxy morphologies of a broad range of AGN beyond z$\sim$1, including heavily obscured examples missing from previous studies. Our primary AGN sample consists of 243 lightly to highly obscured X-ray-selected AGN and 138 presumed Compton-thick, mid-infrared-bright/X-ray-faint AGN revealed by MIRI. Utilizing the shape asymmetry morphology indicator, $A_S$, as the metric for disturbance, we find that 88% of the Seyferts sampled are strongly spatially disturbed ($A_S>0.2$). The experimental design we employ reveals a $\gtrsim 3σ$ obscuration-merger ($N_H$-$A_S$) correlation at $0.6<z<2.4$, and also recovers a physical distinction between the X-ray- and mid-IR-detected AGN suggestive of their link to a common evolutionary scenario. Placing the observed pattern of disturbances in the context of the other average host galaxy properties, we conclude that mergers are common amongst obscured AGN. This finding presents tension with the leading model on AGN fueling that requires Seyfert AGN with sub-quasar luminosities ($L_{bol} < 10^{45}$ ergs/s) to evolve only through non-merger mechanisms.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

Extreme emission line galaxies detected in JADES JWST/NIRSpec I: inferred galaxy properties

Extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) exhibit large equivalent widths (EW) in their rest-optical emission lines ([OIII]$\lambda5007$ or H$α$ rest-frame EW$ > 750Å$) which can be tied to a recent upturn in star formation rate, due to the sensitivity of the nebular line emission and the rest-optical continuum to young ($<10$Myr) and evolved stellar populations, respectively. By studying a sample of 85 star forming galaxies (SFGs), spanning the redshift and magnitude interval $3 $ M$_{UV}>-21$, in the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) with NIRSpec/prism spectroscopy, we determine that SFGs initiate an EELG phase when entering a significant burst of star formation, with the highest EWs observed in EELGs with the youngest luminosity-weighted ages ($<5$ Myr old) and the highest burst intensity (those with the greatest excess between their current and long-term average SFR). We spectroscopically confirm that a greater proportion of SFGs are in an EELG phase at high redshift in our UV-selected sample ($61\pm4\%$ in our $z>5.7$ high-redshift bin, compared to $23^{+4}_{-1}\%$ in our lowest-redshift bin $3 5.7$ have observed Lyman-$α$ emission, potentially lying within large ionised regions. The high detection rate of Lyman-$α$ emitters in our EELG selection suggests that the physical conditions associated with entering an EELG phase also promote the escape of Lyman-$α$ photons.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

JADES + JEMS: A Detailed Look at the Buildup of Central Stellar Cores and Suppression of Star Formation in Galaxies at Redshifts 3 < z < 4.5

We present a spatially resolved study of stellar populations in 6 galaxies with stellar masses $M_*\sim10^{10}M_\odot$ at $z\sim3.7$ using 14-filter JWST/NIRCam imaging from the JADES and JEMS surveys. The 6 galaxies are visually selected to have clumpy substructures with distinct colors over rest-frame $3600-4100Å$, including a red, dominant stellar core that is close to their stellar-light centroids. With 23-filter photometry from HST to JWST, we measure the stellar-population properties of individual structural components via SED fitting using Prospector. We find that the central stellar cores are $\gtrsim2$ times more massive than the Toomre mass, indicating they may not form via single in-situ fragmentation. The stellar cores have stellar ages of $0.4-0.7$ Gyr that are similar to the timescale of clump inward migration due to dynamical friction, suggesting that they likely instead formed through the coalescence of giant stellar clumps. While they have not yet quenched, the 6 galaxies are below the star-forming main sequence by $0.2-0.7$ dex. Within each galaxy, we find that the specific star formation rate is lower in the central stellar core, and the stellar-mass surface density of the core is already similar to quenched galaxies of the same masses and redshifts. Meanwhile, the stellar ages of the cores are either comparable to or younger than the extended, smooth parts of the galaxies. Our findings are consistent with model predictions of the gas-rich compaction scenario for the buildup of galaxies' central regions at high redshifts. We are likely witnessing the coeval formation of dense central cores, along with the onset of galaxy-wide quenching at $z>3$.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

Searching for Emission Lines at $z>11$: The Role of Damped Lyman-$α$ and Hints About the Escape of Ionizing Photons

We describe new ultra-deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec PRISM and grating spectra for the galaxies JADES-GS-z11-0 ($z_{\mathrm{spec}} = 11.122^{+0.005}_{-0.003}$) and JADES-GS-z13-0 ($z_{\mathrm{spec}} = 13.20^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$), the most distant spectroscopically-confirmed galaxy discovered in the first year of JWST observations. The extraordinary depth of these observations (75 hours and 56 hours, respectively) provides a unique opportunity to explore the redshifts, stellar properties, UV magnitudes, and slopes for these two sources. For JADES-GS-z11-0, we find evidence for multiple emission lines, including [\ion{O}{2}]$λ\lambda3726,3729$Åand [\ion{Ne}{3}$]\lambda3869$Å, resulting in a spectroscopic redshift we determine with 94\% confidence. We present stringent upper limits on the emission line fluxes and line equivalent widths for JADES-GS-z13-0. At this spectroscopic redshift, the Lyman-$α$ break in JADES-GS-z11-0 can be fit with a damped Lyman-$α$ absorber with $\log{(N_\mathrm{HI}/\mathrm{cm}^{-2})} = 22.42^{+0.093}_{-0.120}$. These results demonstrate how neutral hydrogen fraction and Lyman-damping wings may impact the recovery of spectroscopic redshifts for sources like these, providing insight into the overprediction of the photometric redshifts seen for distant galaxies observed with JWST. In addition, we analyze updated NIRCam photometry to calculate the morphological properties of these resolved sources, and find a secondary source $0.3^{\prime\prime}$ south of JADES-GS-z11-0 at a similar photometric redshift, hinting at how galaxies grow through interactions in the early Universe.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe

The physical processes that establish the morphological evolution and the structural diversity of galaxies are key unknowns in extragalactic astrophysics. Here we report the finding of the morphologically-mature galaxy JADES-GS+53.18343-27.79097, which existed within the first 700 million years of the Universe's history. This star-forming galaxy with a stellar mass of 400 million solar masses consists of three components, a highly-compact core with a half-light radius of less than 100 pc, an actively star-forming disc with a radius of about 400 pc, and a star-forming clump, which all show distinctive star-formation histories. The central stellar mass density of this galaxy is within a factor of two of the most massive present-day ellipticals, while being globally 1000 times less massive. The radial profile of the specific star-formation rate is rising toward the outskirts. This evidence suggests the first detection of inside-out growth of a galaxy as a proto-bulge and a star-forming disc in the Epoch of Reionization.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

JADES Ultra-red Flattened Objects: Morphologies and Spatial Gradients in Color and Stellar Populations

One of the more surprising findings after the first year of JWST observations is the large number of spatially extended galaxies (ultra-red flattened objects, or UFOs) among the optically-faint galaxy population otherwise thought to be compact. Leveraging the depth and survey area of the JADES survey, we extend observations of the optically-faint galaxy population to an additional 112 objects, 56 of which are well-resolved in F444W with effective sizes, $R_e > 0.25''$, more than tripling previous UFO counts. These galaxies have redshifts around $2 < z < 4$, high stellar masses ($\mathrm{log(M_*/M_{\odot})} \sim 10-11$), and star-formation rates around $\sim 100-1000 \mathrm{M_{\odot}/yr}$. Surprisingly, UFOs are red across their entire extents which spatially resolved analysis of their stellar populations shows is due to large values of dust attenuation (typically $A_V > 2$ mag even at large radii). Morphologically, the majority of our UFO sample tends to have low Sérsic indices ($n \sim 1$) suggesting these large, massive, optically faint galaxies have little contribution from a bulge in F444W. Further, a majority have axis-ratios between $0.2 < q < 0.4$, which Bayesian modeling suggests that their intrinsic shapes are consistent with being a mixture of inclined disks and prolate objects with little to no contribution from spheroids. While kinematic constraints will be needed to determine the true intrinsic shapes of UFOs, it is clear that an unexpected population of large, disky or prolate objects contributes significantly to the population of optically faint galaxies.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

JADES NIRSpec Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Redshifts and Line Fluxes of Distant Galaxies from the Deepest JWST Cycle 1 NIRSpec Multi-Object Spectroscopy

We describe the NIRSpec component of the JWST Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), and provide deep spectroscopy of 253 sources targeted with the NIRSpec micro-shutter assembly in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and surrounding GOODS-South. The multi-object spectra presented here are the deepest so far obtained with JWST, amounting to up to 28 hours in the low-dispersion ($R\sim 30-300$) prism, and up to 7 hours in each of the three medium-resolution $R\approx 1000$ gratings and one high-dispersion grating, G395H ($R\approx2700$). Our low-dispersion and medium-dispersion spectra cover the wavelength range $0.6-5.3μ$m. We describe the selection of the spectroscopic targets, the strategy for the allocation of targets to micro-shutters, and the design of the observations. We present the public release of the reduced 2D and 1D spectra, and a description of the reduction and calibration process. We measure spectroscopic redshifts for 178 of the objects targeted extending up to $z=13.2$. We present a catalog of all emission lines detected at $S/N>5$, and our redshift determinations for the targets. Combined with the first JADES NIRCam data release, these public JADES spectroscopic and imaging datasets provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared universe by the worldwide scientific community.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star-Formation Rate Density 300 Myr after the Big Bang

We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters spanning $0.4-0.9μ\mathrm{m}$) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning $0.8-5μ\mathrm{m}$, including 7 medium-band filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data at $>2.3μ\mathrm{m}$ to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as $\approx31.4$ AB mag in the stack and 30.3-31.0 AB mag ($5σ$, $r=0.1"$ circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts $z=11.5-15$. These objects show compact half-light radii of $R_{1/2}\sim50-200$pc, stellar masses of $M_{\star}\sim10^7-10^8 M_{\odot}$, and star-formation rates of $\mathrm{SFR}\sim0.1-1\,M_{\odot}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Our search finds no candidates at $15<z<20$, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the impact of non-detections. We find a $z=12$ luminosity function in good agreement with prior results, and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of $\sim2.5$ from $z=12$ to $z=14$. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

JADES Data Release 3 -- NIRSpec/MSA spectroscopy for 4,000 galaxies in the GOODS fields

We present the third data release of JADES, the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, providing both imaging and spectroscopy in the two GOODS fields. Spectroscopy consists of medium-depth and deep NIRSpec/MSA spectra of 4,000 targets, covering the spectral range 0.6-5.3 $μ$m and observed with both the low-dispersion prism (R=30-300) and all three medium-resolution gratings (R=500-1,500). We describe the observations, data reduction, sample selection, and target allocation. We measured 2,375 redshifts (2,053 from multiple emission lines); our targets span the range from z=0.5 up to z=13, including 404 at z>5. The data release includes 2-d and 1-d fully reduced spectra, with slit-loss corrections and background subtraction optimized for point sources. We also provide redshifts and S/N>5 emission-line flux catalogs for the prism and grating spectra, and concise guidelines on how to use these data products. Alongside spectroscopy, we are also publishing fully calibrated NIRCam imaging, which enables studying the JADES sample with the combined power of imaging and spectroscopy. Together, these data provide the largest statistical sample to date to characterize the properties of galaxy populations in the first billion years after the Big Bang.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

JADES: The incidence rate and properties of galactic outflows in low-mass galaxies across 3 < z < 9

We investigate the incidence and properties of ionized gas outflows in a sample of 52 galaxies with stellar mass between $10^7$ M$_{\odot}$ and $10^9$ M$_{\odot}$ observed with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec MSA spectroscopy as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). The high-spectral resolution (R2700) NIRSpec observations allowed us to identify for the first time the signature of outflows in the rest-frame optical nebular lines in low-mass galaxies at $z>3$. The incidence fraction of ionized outflows, traced by broad components, is about 25-40$\%$ depending on the intensity of the emission lines. The low incidence fraction might be due to both the sensitivity limit and the fact that outflows are not isotropic but have a limited opening angle which results in a detection only when this is directed toward our line of sight. Evidence for outflows increases slightly with stellar mass and star-formation rate. The median velocity and mass loading factor (i.e., the ratio between mass outflow rate and star formation rate) of the outflowing ionized gas are 350 km s$^{-1}$ and $η=2.0^{+1.6}_{-1.5}$, respectively. These are 1.5 and 100 times higher, respectively than the typical values observed in local dwarf galaxies. These outflows are able to escape the gravitational potential of the galaxy and enrich the circum-galactic medium and, potentially, the inter-galactic medium. Our results indicate that outflows can significantly impact the star formation activity in low-mass galaxies within the first 2 Gyr of the Universe.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

A recently quenched galaxy 700 million years after the Big Bang

Local and low-redshift ($z$<$3$) galaxies are known to broadly follow a bimodal distribution: actively star forming galaxies with relatively stable star-formation rates, and passive systems. These two populations are connected by galaxies in relatively slow transition. In contrast, theory predicts that star formation was stochastic at early cosmic times and in low-mass systems: these galaxies transitioned rapidly between starburst episodes and phases of suppressed star formation, potentially even causing temporary quiescence -- so-called mini-quenching events. However, the regime of star-formation burstiness is observationally highly unconstrained. Directly observing mini-quenched galaxies in the primordial Universe is therefore of utmost importance to constrain models of galaxy formation and transformation. Early quenched galaxies have been identified out to redshift $z<5$, and these are all found to be massive ($M_{*}>10^{10}~M_{\odot}$) and relatively old. Here we report a (mini-)quenched galaxy at z$=$7.3, when the Universe was only 700~Myr old. The JWST/NIRSpec spectrum is very blue ($U$-$V$$=$0.16$\pm0.03$~mag), but exhibits a Balmer break and no nebular emission lines. The galaxy experienced a short starburst followed by rapid quenching; its stellar mass (4-6$\times 10^8~M_\odot$) falls in a range that is sensitive to various feedback mechanisms, which can result in perhaps only temporary quenching.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

Building the First Galaxies -- Chapter 2. Starbursts Dominate The Star Formation Histories of 6 < z <12 Galaxies

We use SEDz* -- a code designed to chart star formation histories (SFHs) of 6<z<12 galaxies -- to analyze the SEDs of 894 galaxies with deep JWST/NIRCam imaging by JADES in the GOODS-S field. We show how SEDz* matches observed SEDs using stellar-population templates, graphing the contribution of each epoch-by-epoch to confirm the robustness of the technique. Very good SED fits for most SFHs demonstrates the compatibility of the templates with stars in the first galaxies -- as expected, because their light is primarily from main-sequence A-stars, free of post-main-sequence complexity and insensitive to heavy-element compositions. We confirm earlier results from Dressler(2023): (1) Four types of star formation histories: SFH1 -- burst; SFH2 -- stochastic; SFH3 -- `contiguous' (3-epochs); and SFH4 -- `continuous' (4-6 epochs); (2) Starbursts -- both single and multiple -- are predominate (~70%) in this critical period of cosmic history, although longer SFHs (0.5-1.0 Gyr) contribute one-third of the accumulated stellar mass. These 894 SFHs contribute log M/Msun = 11.14, 11.09, 11.00, and 10.60 for SFH1-4, respectively, adding up to 4x10^11 Msun by z=6 for this field. We suggest that the absence of rising SFHs could be explained as an intense dust-enshrouded phase of star formation lasting tens of Myr that preceded each of the SFHs we measure. We find no strong dependencies of SFH type with the large-scale environment, however, the discovery of a compact group of 30 galaxies, 11 of which had first star formation at z=11-12, suggests that long SFHs could dominate in rare, dense environments.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

Brown Dwarf Candidates in the JADES and CEERS Extragalactic Surveys

By combining the JWST/NIRCam JADES and CEERS extragalactic datasets, we have uncovered a sample of twenty-one T and Y brown dwarf candidates at best-fit distances between 0.1 - 4.2 kpc. These sources were selected by targeting the blue 1$μ$m - 2.5$μ$m colors and red 3$μ$m - 4.5$μ$m colors that arise from molecular absorption in the atmospheres of T$_{\mathrm{eff}} < $ 1300K brown dwarfs. We fit these sources using multiple models of low-mass stellar atmospheres and present the resulting fluxes, sizes, effective temperatures and other derived properties for the sample. If confirmed, these fits place the majority of the sources in the Milky Way thick disk and halo. We observe proper motion for seven of the candidate brown dwarfs with directions in agreement with the plane of our galaxy, providing evidence that they are not extragalactic in nature. We demonstrate how the colors of these sources differ from selected high-redshift galaxies, and explore the selection of these sources in planned large-area JWST NIRCam surveys. Deep imaging with JWST/NIRCam presents an an excellent opportunity for finding and understanding these very cold low-mass stars at kpc distances.

astro-ph.SR↗