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Ryoichi Kawahara

Publications and source records attributed to Ryoichi Kawahara.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

Contextual Bandit-Based Decomposition of Network Slice Requirements under Cumulative Resource Budget Constraints

End-to-end (E2E) network slices (NSs) are provisioned across multiple domains of the 5G network. In hierarchical NS management, a tenant submits a network slice request (NSR), which specifies E2E service level agreement (SLA) requirements. Rather than managing these domains directly, an E2E controller decomposes each NSR into domain-level SLA requirements and delegates resource allocation to domain-specific controllers, which return feasibility and resource-consumption feedback. A poor decomposition policy can therefore cause rejection of the current request by producing infeasible requirements or reduce future admission opportunities by concentrating resource consumption in bottleneck domains. We call this decomposition-policy optimization problem the network slice request decomposition problem (NSR-DP). For practical operation, online approaches to NSR-DP have been proposed. Such approaches must jointly meet two requirements: (R1) control long-term resource budgets and (R2) adapt each decomposition to the performance targets and guarantee levels specified in the arriving NSR's SLA. To meet these requirements, we introduce contextual constrained kernel bandits (CCKB) as an online solution for NSR-DP. To address (R1), CCKB raises penalties for using resources that become tight, thereby discouraging decompositions that consume bottleneck resources. To address (R2), it uses Gaussian processes (GPs) to predict, for the current NSR, the reward and resource usage of candidate decompositions, allowing it to select a decomposition suited to the performance targets and guarantee levels. We establish high-probability guarantees for the resulting formulation and show through extensive 5G simulations across topology, bottleneck, and traffic-mixture settings that CCKB outperforms the baselines in the large majority of conditions.

cs.NI↗

Extendable NFV-Integrated Control Method Using Reinforcement Learning

Network functions virtualization (NFV) enables telecommunications service providers to realize various network services by flexibly combining multiple virtual network functions (VNFs). To provide such services, an NFV control method should optimally allocate such VNFs into physical networks and servers by taking account of the combination(s) of objective functions and constraints for each metric defined for each VNF type, e.g., VNF placements and routes between the VNFs. The NFV control method should also be extendable for adding new metrics or changing the combination of metrics. One approach for NFV control to optimize allocations is to construct an algorithm that simultaneously solves the combined optimization problem. However, this approach is not extendable because the problem needs to be reformulated every time a new metric is added or a combination of metrics is changed. Another approach involves using an extendable network-control architecture that coordinates multiple control algorithms specified for individual metrics. However, to the best of our knowledge, no method has been developed that can optimize allocations through this kind of coordination. In this paper, we propose an extendable NFV-integrated control method by coordinating multiple control algorithms. We also propose an efficient coordination algorithm based on reinforcement learning. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulations.

cs.DC↗

Anomaly Detection and Interpretation using Multimodal Autoencoder and Sparse Optimization

Automated anomaly detection is essential for managing information and communications technology (ICT) systems to maintain reliable services with minimum burden on operators. For detecting varying and continually emerging anomalies as differences from normal states, learning normal relationships inherent among cross-domain data monitored from ICT systems is essential. Deep-learning-based anomaly detection using an autoencoder (AE) is therefore promising for such complicated learning; however, its interpretation is still problematic. Since the dimensions of the input data contributing to the detected anomaly are not directly indicated in an AE, they are not suitable for localizing anomalies in large ICT systems composed of a huge amount of equipment. We propose an algorithm using sparse optimization for estimating contributing dimensions to anomalies detected with AEs. We also propose a multimodal AE (MAE) for effectively learning the relationships among cross-domain data, which can induce nonlinearity and differences in learnability among data types. We evaluated our algorithms with several datasets including real measured data in comparison with conventional algorithms and confirmed the superiority of our estimation algorithm in specifying contributing dimensions of anomalous data and our MAE in detecting anomalies in cross-domain data.

stat.ML↗

Theoretical Evaluation of Offloading through Wireless LANs

Offloading of cellular traffic through a wireless local area network (WLAN) is theoretically evaluated. First, empirical data sets of the locations of WLAN internet access points are analyzed and an inhomogeneous Poisson process consisting of high, normal, and low density regions is proposed as a spatial point process model for these configurations. Second, performance metrics, such as mean available bandwidth for a user and the number of vertical handovers, are evaluated for the proposed model through geometric analysis. Explicit formulas are derived for the metrics, although they depend on many parameters such as the number of WLAN access points, the shape of each WLAN coverage region, the location of each WLAN access point, the available bandwidth (bps) of the WLAN, and the shape and available bandwidth (bps) of each subregion identified by the channel quality indicator in a cell of the cellular network. Explicit formulas strongly suggest that the bandwidth a user experiences does not depend on the user mobility. This is because the bandwidth available by a user who does not move and that available by a user who moves are the same or approximately the same as a probabilistic distribution. Numerical examples show that parameters, such as the size of regions where placement of WLAN access points is not allowed and the mean density of WLANs in high density regions, have a large impact on performance metrics. In particular, a homogeneous Poisson process model as the WLAN access point location model largely overestimates the mean available bandwidth for a user and the number of vertical handovers. The overestimated mean available bandwidth is, for example, about 50% in a certain condition.

cs.PF↗

Analysis of Non-Gaussian Nature of Network Traffic and its Implication on Network Performance

We analyzed the non-Gaussian nature of network traffic using some Internet traffic data. We found that (1) the non-Gaussian nature degrades network performance, (2) it is caused by `greedy flows' that exist with non-negligible probability, and (3) a large majority of `greedy flows' are TCP flows having relatively small hop counts, which correspond to small round-trip times. We conclude that in a network hat has greedy flows with non-negligible probability, a traffic controlling scheme or bandwidth design that considers non-Gaussian nature is essential.

cs.NI↗

Analysis of Non-Gaussian Nature of Network Traffic

To study mechanisms that cause the non-Gaussian nature of network traffic, we analyzed IP flow statistics. For greedy flows in particular, we investigated the hop counts between source and destination nodes, and classified applications by the port number. We found that the main flows contributing to the non-Gaussian nature of network traffic were HTTP flows with relatively small hop counts compared with the average hop counts of all flows.

cs.NI↗