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Ryosuke Kadono

Publications and source records attributed to Ryosuke Kadono.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Ion Jump Motion as the Background for Muon Diffusion in Battery Materials Research Using $\mu$SR

Numerical simulations of muon spin relaxation ($\mu$SR) in ion diffusion were performed using the {\sl extended} Kubo-Toyabe (KT) relaxation function $G_z^{\rm EA}(t)$ that incorporates an Edwards-Anderson type autocorrelation function for the jump motion of ions. The analysis of the generated $\mu$SR spectra using the conventional KT function $G_z^{\rm KT}(t;\Delta_{\rm KT},\nu_{\rm KT})$ (mimicking the previous analysis procedure) suggest that the anomalous peak in the fluctuation rate $\nu_{\rm KT}$ around a specific temperature $T^*$ and associated decrease of the linewidth $\Delta_{\rm KT}$ above $T^*$, often observed in the previous $\mu$SR studies on ion diffusion, originate from the sharp increase in the ion jump rate $\nu_{\rm i}$ against that of the muon $\nu_\mu$ with increasing temperature. This indicates that a more detailed reanalysis of the vintage data using $G_z^{\rm EA}(t)$ is useful for the proper evaluation of $\nu_{\rm i}$ and $\nu_\mu$. Meanwhile, it also suggests that the $\mu$SR results showing no such anomaly convey little information on ion diffusion.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Revisiting $\mu$SR Studies of Ion Dynamics in the Light of Extended Kubo-Toyabe Model

The dynamical Kubo-Toyabe (dKT) function is extended to describe the spin relaxation under the coexisting dynamical and static internal magnetic fields. A detailed re-evaluation of the previous $\mu^\pm$SR data in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ using this function disfavors the conventional interpretation based on sodium-ion diffusion and instead supports the $\mu^+$ self-diffusion scenario. This also resolves the long-standing inconsistencies in the dKT-function-based $\mu$SR studies on ion diffusion from the viewpoint of classical over-barrier-jump mechanism.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Extended Dynamical Kubo-Toyabe Relaxation for $\mu$SR study of Ion Dynamics: An Introduction

In the analysis of the ion diffusion in metal oxides based on muon spin rotation and relaxation ($\mu$SR), the dynamical Kubo-Toyabe (dKT) function has been routinely used to deduce the jump frequency of ions. This is based on the two beliefs: (1) the fluctuations of the internal magnetic field ${\bm H}(t)$ are determined solely by the relative motion of the muons to the surrounding ions, and (2) the muons are immobile due to bonding to the oxygen. However, these are not necessarily trivial, and we addressed their credibility by developing an extended dKT function corresponding to the realistic situation that only a part of the ions surrounding muon are involved in a single fluctuation of ${\bm H}(t)$ in the ion diffusion, and investigated its behavior in detail. The results show that the new function exhibits qualitatively different behavior from the dKT function, and that it provides a way to determine whether muons or ions are in motion, as well as a means for quantitative analysis based on the assumption of immobile muons. As a typical example, we examine the earlier $\mu^\pm$SR results on Na$_x$CoO$_2$ and demonstrate that the internal field fluctuations observed in $\mu^+$SR are dominated by muon self-diffusion, in contrast to previous interpretations.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Distinguishing Ion Dynamics from Muon Diffusion in Muon Spin Relaxation II -- Extension to Paramagnetic Muons

We extend the previously published model that distinguishes between the diffusive motion of diamagnetic muons and the dynamics of ions around the muon in matter, and propose a generalized model for {\sl paramagnetic muons} (Mu$^0$s, bound states of a muon and an unpaired electron) observed in non-metallic host materials. The new model distinguishes among the independent motion of unpaired electron associated with Mu$^0$, the self-diffusive motion of Mu$^0$ as single atomic entity, and that of the ions surrounding Mu$^0$, where the muon spin relaxation is induced by dynamical fluctuations of the hyperfine (HF) field exerted from the unpaired electron (e.g., due to spin/charge exchange reaction) and/or that of the nuclear hyperfine (NHF) interactions between the unpaired electron and the surrounding ions. We have applied this model to the muonated radicals (Mu$^0$s in a polaron state) in conducting polymers, and examined the validity of the interpretations claimed in the earlier literature that the spin relaxation is induced by quasi-one dimensional motion of the unpaired electron. The result suggests that experimental support for such a claim is still inadequate and needs to be reexamined, including the possibility of other origins for the fluctuations. It is expected that our model will prove a useful guide for $\mu$SR studies of various local dynamics involving paramagnetic muon states.

physics.atom-ph

Distinguishing Ion Dynamics from Muon diffusion in Muon Spin Relaxation

We propose a model to describe the fluctuations in the internal magnetic field due to ion dynamics observed in the muon spin relaxation ($\mu$SR) by an Edwards-Anderson type autocorrelation function that separates the quasi-static and dynamic components of the correlation by a parameter $Q$ (where $0\le Q\le1$). Our Monte Carlo simulations for this model showed that the time evolution of muon spin polarization deviates significantly from the Kubo-Toyabe (KT) function. To further validate the model, the results of simulations were compared with the $\mu$SR spectra observed in a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite FAPbI$_3$ [with FA referring to HC(NH$_2)_2$], where local field fluctuations associated with the rotational motion of FA molecules and quasi-static fields from the PbI$_3$ lattice are presumed to coexist. The least-squares curve fitting showed reasonable agreement with the model with $Q=0.947(3)$, and the fluctuation frequency of the dynamical component was obtained. This result opens the door to the possibility of experimentally distinguishing fluctuations due to dynamics of ions around muons from those due to self-diffusion of muons. Meanwhile, it suggests the need to carefully consider the spin relaxation function when applying $\mu$SR to the issue of ion dynamics.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Pyrochlore Oxide Hg2Os2O7 on Verge of Metal-Insulator Boundary

Semimetallic osmium pyrochlore oxide Cd2Os2O7 undergoes a magnetic transition to an all-in-all-out (AIAO)-type order at 227 K, followed by a crossover to an AIAO insulator at around 210 K. Here, we studied the isostructural and isoelectronic compound Hg2Os2O7 through thermodynamic measurements, muSR spectroscopy and neutron diffraction experiments. A similar magnetic transition, probably to an AIAO-type order, was observed at 88 K, while the resistivity showed a decrease at the transition and remained metallic down to 2 K. Thus, the ground state of Hg2Os2O7 is most likely an AIAO semimetal, which is analogous to the intermediate-temperature state of Cd2Os2O7. Hg2Os2O7 exists on the verge of the metal-insulator boundary on the metal side and provides an excellent platform for studying the electronic instability of 5d electrons with moderate electron correlations and strong spin-orbit interactions.

cond-mat.str-el

Dimensional reduction by geometrical frustration in a cubic antiferromagnet composed of tetrahedral clusters

Dimensionality is a critical factor in determining the properties of solids and is an apparent built-in character of the crystal structure. However, it can be an emergent and tunable property in geometrically frustrated spin systems. Here, we study the spin dynamics of the tetrahedral cluster antiferromagnet, pharmacosiderite, via muon spin resonance and neutron scattering. We find that the spin correlation exhibits a two-dimensional characteristic despite the isotropic connectivity of tetrahedral clusters made of spin 5/2 Fe3+ ions in the three-dimensional cubic crystal, which we ascribe to two-dimensionalisation by geometrical frustration based on spin wave calculations. Moreover, we suggest that even one-dimensionalisation occurs in the decoupled layers, generating low-energy and one-dimensional excitation modes, causing large spin fluctuation in the classical spin system. Pharmacosiderite facilitates studying the emergence of low-dimensionality and manipulating anisotropic responses arising from the dimensionality using an external magnetic field.

cond-mat.str-el

Origin of magnetovolume effect in a cobaltite

The layered perovskite PrBaCo2O5.5+x demonstrates a strong negative thermal expansion (NTE) which holds potential for being fabricated into composites with zero thermal expansion. The NTE was found to be intimately associated with the spontaneous magnetic ordering, known as magnetovolume effect (MVE). Here we report with compelling evidences that the continuous-like MVE in PrBaCo2O5.5+x is intrinsically of discontinuous character, originating from an magnetoelectric transition from an antiferromagnetic insulating large-volume (AFILV) phase to a ferromagnetic metallic small-volume (FMSV) phase. Furthermore, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) shows high sensitivity to multiple external stimuli such as temperature, carrier doping, hydrostatic pressure, magnetic field etc. In contrast to the well-known ME such as colossal magnetoresistance and multiferroic effect which involve symmetry breaking of crystal structure, the ME in the cobaltite is purely isostructural. Our discovery provides a new pathway to realizing the ME as well as the NTE, which may find applications in new techniques.

cond-mat.str-el

Quantum dynamics of hydrogen in iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO0.9D0.1 measured with inelastic neutron spectroscopy

Inelastic neutron scattering was performed for an iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO0.9D0.1, where most of D (deuterium) replaces oxygen, while a tiny amount goes into interstitial sites. By first-principle calculation, we characterize the interstitial sites for D (and for H slightly mixed) with four equivalent potential minima. Below the superconducting transition temperature Tc = 26 K,new excitations emerge in the range 5-15 meV, while they are absent in the reference system LaFeAsO0.9F0.1. The strong excitations at 14.5 meV and 11.1 meV broaden rapidly around 15 K and 20 K, respectively, where each energy becomes comparable to twice of the superconducting gap. The strong excitations are ascribed to a quantum rattling, or a band motion of hydrogen, which arises only if the number of potential minima is larger than two.

cond-mat.supr-con

Oxidation annealing effects on the spin-glass-like magnetism and appearance of superconductivity in T*-type La$_{1-x/2}$Eu$_{1-x/2}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ (0.14 $\leq x \leq$ 0.28)

We investigated the magnetism and superconductivity in as-sintered (AS) and oxidation annealed (OA) T*-type La$_{1-x/2}$Eu$_{1-x/2}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ (LESCO) with 0.14 $\leq x \leq$ 0.28 by the first comprehensive muon spin rotation/relaxation ($μ$SR), magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements. In OA superconducting samples, no evidence of magnetic order was observed, whereas AS semiconducting samples exhibited evidence of a disordered magnetic state in the measured temperature range between $\sim$4 K and $\sim$8 K. Therefore, the ground state in LESCO drastically varies with oxidation annealing and the magnetic phase competitively exists with the superconducting (SC) phase. The magnetic phase in the AS LESCO is quite robust against Sr doping, while the SC phase degrades with increasing $x$. A monotonous decrease of the SC transition temperature from 24.5 K in $x$ = 0.14 to 9.0 K in $x$ = 0.28 suggests the disappearance of the SC phase at $x$ $\sim$ 0.34. Furthermore, we clarified the simultaneous development of (quasi) static magnetism and the electrical resistivity at a low temperature in AS samples, suggesting the inducement of magnetism by the suppression of carrier mobility. The variation in magnetism due to annealing is discussed from a viewpoint of structural defects, which was previously reported from neutron diffraction measurements.

cond-mat.supr-con

Development of Ferromagnetic Fluctuations in Heavily Overdoped (Bi,Pb)_2_Sr_2_CuO_6+delta_ Copper Oxides

We demonstrate the presence of ferromagnetic (FM) fluctuations in the superconducting and non-superconducting heavily overdoped regimes of high-temperature superconducting copper oxides, using (Bi,Pb)_2_Sr_2_CuO_6+delta_ (Bi-2201) single crystals. Magnetization curves exhibit a tendency to be saturated in high magnetic fields at low temperatures in the heavily overdoped crystals, which is probably a precursor phenomenon of a FM transition at a lower temperature. Muon spin relaxation detects the enhancement of spin fluctuations at high temperatures below 200 K. Correspondingly, the ab-plane resistivity follows a 4/3 power law in a wide temperature range, which is characteristic of metals with two-dimensional FM fluctuations due to itinerant electrons. As the Wilson ratio evidences the enhancement of spin fluctuations with hole doping in the heavily overdoped regime, it is concluded that two-dimensional FM fluctuations reside in the heavily overdoped Bi-2201 cuprates, which is probably related to the decrease in the superconducting transition temperature in the heavily overdoped cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con

Local spin structure of the $α$-RuCl$_3$ honeycomb-lattice magnet observed via muon spin rotation/relaxation

We report a muon spin rotation/relaxation ($μ$SR) study of single-crystalline samples of the $α$-RuCl$_3$ honeycomb magnet, which is presumed to be a model compound for the Kitaev-Heisenberg interaction. It is inferred from magnetic susceptibility and specific-heat measurements that the present samples exhibit successive magnetic transitions at different critical temperatures $T_{\rm N}$ with decreasing temperature, eventually falling into the $T_{\rm N}=7$ K antiferromagnetic (7 K) phase that has been observed in only single-crystalline specimens with the least stacking fault. Via $μ$SR measurements conducted under a zero external field, we show that such behavior originates from a phase separation induced by the honeycomb plane stacking fault, yielding multiple domains with different $T_{\rm N}$'s. We also perform $μ$SR measurements under a transverse field in the paramagnetic phase to identify the muon site from the muon-Ru hyperfine parameters. Based on a comparison of the experimental and calculated internal fields at the muon site for the two possible spin structures inferred from neutron diffraction data, we suggest a modulated zig-zag spin structure for the 7 K phase, with the amplitude of the ordered magnetic moment being significantly reduced from that expected for the orbital quenched spin-1/2 state.

cond-mat.str-el

Quest for the Origin of Heavy Fermion Behavior in $d$-Electron Systems

Spin fluctuation is presumed to be one of the key properties in understanding the microscopic origin of heavy-fermion-like behavior in the class of transition-metal compounds, including LiV$_2$O$_4$, Y(Sc)Mn$_2$, and YMn$_2$Zn$_{20}$. In this review, we demonstrate by our recent study of muon spin rotation/relaxation that the temperature ($T$) dependence of the longitudinal spin relaxation rate ($λ\equiv 1/T_1$) in these compounds exhibits a common trend of leveling off to a constant value ($λ\sim const$.) below a characteristic temperature, $T^*$. This is in marked contrast to the behavior predicted for normal metals from the Korringa relation, $λ\propto T/ν$, where the spin fluctuation rate ($ν$) in the Pauli paramagnetic state is given as a constant, $ν\simeq 1/[h D(E_F)]$ [with $D(E_F)$ being the density of states at the Fermi energy]. Thus, the observed behavior of $λ$ implies that the spin fluctuation rate becomes linearly dependent on temperature, $ν\propto T$, suggesting that heavy quasiparticles develop in a manner satisfying $D(E_F)\propto (m^*)^σ\propto 1/T$ at lower temperatures ($σ$ determined by the electronic dispersion). Considering that the theory of spin correlation for intersecting Hubbard chains as a model of pyrochlore lattice predicts $ν\propto T$, our finding strongly indicates the crucial role of $t_{2g}$ bands which preserve the one-dimensional character at low energies due to the geometrical frustration specific to the undistorted pyrochlore lattice.

cond-mat.str-el

Structural anomalies and short-range magnetic correlations in the orbitally degenerated system Sr$_2$VO$_4$

We report on the electronic ground state of a layered perovskite vanadium oxide Sr$_2$VO$_4$ studied by the combined use of synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and muon spin rotation/relaxation ($μ$SR) techniques, where $μ$SR measurements were extended down to 30 mK. We found an intermediate orthorhombic phase between $T_{\rm c2} \sim$~130 K and $T_{\rm c1} \sim$~100 K, whereas a tetragonal phase appears for $T > T_{\rm c2}$ and $T < T_{\rm c1}$. The absence of long-range magnetic order was confirmed by $μ$SR at the reentrant tetragonal phase below $T_{\rm c1}$, where the relative enhancement in the $c$-axis length versus that of the $a$-axis length was observed. However, no clear indication of the lowering of the tetragonal lattice symmetry with superlattice modulation, which is expected in the orbital order state with superstructure of $d_{yz}$ and $d_{zx}$ orbitals, was observed by SR-XRD below $T_{\rm c1}$. Instead, it was inferred from $μ$SR that a magnetic state developed below $T_{\rm c0} \sim$~10 K, which was characterized by the highly inhomogeneous and fluctuating local magnetic fields down to 30 mK. We argue that the anomalous magnetic ground state below $T_{\rm c0}$ originates from the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic correlations.

cond-mat.str-el

Bipartite magnetic parent phases in the iron-oxypnictide superconductor

High-temperature (high-$T_{\rm c}$) superconductivity appears as a consequence of the carrier-doping of an undoped parent compound exhibiting antiferromagnetic order; thereby, ground-state properties of the parent compound are closely relevant to the superconducting state. On the basis of the concept, a spin-fluctuation has been addressed as an origin of pairing of the superconducting electrons in cuprates. Whereas, there is growing interest in the pairing mechanism such as an unconventional spin-fluctuation or an advanced orbital-fluctuation due to the characteristic multi-orbital system in iron-pnictides. Here, we report the discovery of an antiferromagnetic order as well as a unique structural transition in electron-overdoped LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$H$_x$ ($x$ ~ 0.5), whereby another parent phase was uncovered, albeit heavily doped. The unprecedented two-dome superconducting phases observed in this material can be interpreted as a consequence of the carrier-doping starting from the original at $x\sim0$ and advanced at $x\sim0.5$ parent phases toward the intermediate region. The bipartite parent phases with distinct physical properties in the second magnetic phase provide us with an interesting example to illustrate the intimate interplay among the magnetic interaction, structural change and orbital degree of freedom in iron-pnictides.

cond-mat.str-el

Superconducting Condensation Energy of the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model in the Large-Negative-t' Region

We compute the superconducting condensation energies Econd of Hg1201 and Tl2201 cuprates by applying the variational Monte Carlo method to the two-dimensional Hubbard model, first, with the specific band parameters t' = -2t" = -0.25t appropriate for these highest-Tc single-CuO2-layer cuprates; t, t' and t" are the first-, second- and third-neighbor transfer energies, respectively. In the range of on-site Coulomb energy U of (7\sim10)t with optimal doping, we succeed in obtaining the bulk-limit Econd values by extrapolating the results. They sharply increase with increasing U and become comparable to experimental values when U \approx 9t. Next, Econd values at t' = -2t" = -0.18t demonstrate that with a fixed U the bulk-limit Econd quickly increases with a decrease in |t'| = 2t" in the large-|t'| region. Finally, we argue that the remoteness of the apex oxygen from the planar Cu in the two cuprates is considered to increase U and bring about the experimental magnitude of Econd. The present scheme explains the observed correlation between Tc and t' among cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con

Flux line lattice state versus magnetism in electron-doped cuprate superconductor Sr_{1-x}La_{x}CuO_{2}

The microscopic details of flux line lattice state studied by muon spin rotation is reported in an electron-doped high-$T_{\rm c}$ cuprate superconductor, Sr$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$CuO$_{2}$ (SLCO, $x=0.10$--0.15). A clear sign of phase separation between magnetic and non-magnetic phases is observed, where the effective magnetic penetration depth [$λ\equivλ(T,H)$] is determined selectively for the latter phase. The extremely small value of $λ(0,0)$ %versus $T_{\rm c}$ and corresponding large superfluid density ($n_s \propto λ^{-2}$) is consistent with presence of a large Fermi surface with carrier density of $1+x$, which suggests the breakdown of the "doped Mott insulator" even at the "optimal doping" in SLCO. Moreover, a relatively weak anisotropy in the superconducting order parameter is suggested by the field dependence of $λ(0,H)$. These observations strongly suggest that the superconductivity in SLCO is of a different class from hole-doped cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con

Nonlocal effect on the magnetic penetration depth in multigapped superconductors

A brief discussion is given on the nonlocal effect in multigapped superconductivity. It is pointed out that the effective magnetic penetration depth at lower external fields may be reduced by the nonlocal effect associated with the presence of small energy gap. A crude estimation of the effect in double gap system is provided and compared with the data obtained by muSR in MgB2.

cond-mat.supr-con