arXiv subjects

Ryota Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to Ryota Kojima.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Robust Near-Critical Dynamics in Heavy-Tailed Neural Networks

The criticality hypothesis posits that biological neural networks operate near a phase transition, yet within standard Gaussian mean-field theories this regime appears fragile and requires fine tuning. Here we show that heavy-tailed synaptic connectivity provides a robust alternative mechanism. By developing a dynamical mean-field theory for Cauchy-distributed couplings, we reduce the macroscopic dynamics to a one-dimensional gradient flow with a global Lyapunov potential. The resulting theory exhibits a continuous phase transition in which collective activity grows with the square root of the distance to criticality, and static susceptibility diverges only as the square root rather than linearly as in Gaussian mean-field theories. This structure gives rise to an emergent automatic gain control: activity-dependent noise fluctuations suppress the effective gain at high activity levels while preserving high susceptibility near the critical point. Extending this mechanism to general symmetric $\alpha$-stable inputs, we identify heavy-tailed synapses as a key microscopic origin of robust near-critical dynamics in disordered neural circuits.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2025

Continuation Semantics for Fixpoint Modal Logic and Computation Tree Logics

We introduce continuation semantics for both fixpoint modal logic (FML) and Computation Tree Logic* (CTL*), parameterised by a choice of branching type and quantitative predicate lifting. Our main contribution is proving that they are equivalent to coalgebraic semantics, for all branching types. Our continuation semantics is defined over coalgebras of the continuation monad whose answer type coincides with the domain of truth values of the formulas. By identifying predicates and continuations, such a coalgebra has a canonical interpretation of the modality by evaluation of continuations. We show that this continuation semantics is equivalent to the coalgebraic semantics for fixpoint modal logic. We then reformulate the current construction for coalgebraic models of CTL*. These models are usually required to have an infinitary trace/maximal execution map, characterized as the greatest fixpoint of a special operator. Instead, we allow coalgebraic models of CTL* to employ non-maximal fixpoints, which we call execution maps. Under this reformulation, we establish a general result on transferring execution maps via monad morphisms. From this result, we obtain that continuation semantics is equivalent to the coalgebraic semantics for CTL*. We also identify a sufficient condition under which CTL can be encoded into fixpoint modal logic under continuation semantics.

cs.LO↗

arXiv2024

Explicit Hopcroft's Trick in Categorical Partition Refinement

Algorithms for partition refinement are actively studied for a variety of systems, often with the optimisation called Hopcroft's trick. However, the low-level description of those algorithms in the literature often obscures the essence of Hopcroft's trick. Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we present a novel formulation of Hopcroft's trick in terms of general trees with weights. This clean and explicit formulation -- we call it Hopcroft's inequality -- is crucially used in our second contribution, namely a general partition refinement algorithm that is functor-generic (i.e. it works for a variety of systems such as (non-)deterministic automata and Markov chains). Here we build on recent works on coalgebraic partition refinement but depart from them with the use of fibrations. In particular, our fibrational notion of $R$-partitioning exposes a concrete tree structure to which Hopcroft's inequality readily applies. It is notable that our fibrational framework accommodates such algorithmic analysis on the categorical level of abstraction.

cs.FL↗

arXiv2024

Orbital-rotated Fermi-Hubbard model as a benchmarking problem for quantum chemistry with the exact solution

Quantum chemistry is a key target for quantum computing, but benchmarking quantum algorithms for large molecular systems remains challenging due to the lack of exactly solvable yet structurally realistic models. In particular, molecular Hamiltonians typically contain $O(N^4)$ Pauli terms, significantly increasing the cost of quantum simulations, while many exactly solvable models, such as the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard (1D FH) model, contain only $O(N)$ terms. In this work, we introduce the orbital-rotated Fermi-Hubbard (ORFH) model as a scalable and exactly solvable benchmarking problem for quantum chemistry algorithms. Starting from the 1D FH model, we apply a spin-involved orbital rotation to construct a Hamiltonian that retains the exact ground-state energy but exhibits a Pauli term count scaling as $O(N^4)$, similar to real molecular systems. We analyze the ORFH Hamiltonian from multiple perspectives, including operator norm and electronic correlation. We benchmark variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) optimizers and Pauli term grouping methods, and compare their performance with those for hydrogen chains. Furthermore, we show that the ORFH Hamiltonian increases the computational difficulty for classical methods such as the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), offering a nontrivial benchmark beyond quantum algorithms. Our results demonstrate that the ORFH model provides a versatile and scalable testbed for benchmarking quantum chemistry algorithms under realistic structural conditions, while maintaining exact solvability even at large system sizes.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

The orthogonal momentum amplituhedron and ABJM amplitudes

In this paper, we introduce the momentum space amplituhedron for tree-level scattering amplitudes of ABJM theory. We demonstrate that the scattering amplitude can be identified as the canonical form on the space given by the product of positive orthogonal Grassmannian and the moment curve. The co-dimension one boundaries of this space are simply the odd-particle planar Mandelstam variables, while the even-particle counterparts are "hidden" as higher co-dimension boundaries. Remarkably, this space can be equally defined through a series of "sign flip" requirements of the projected external data, identical to "half" of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory (sYM). Thus in a precise sense the geometry for ABJM lives on the boundary of $\mathcal{N}=4$ sYM. We verify this relation through eight-points by showing that the BCFW triangulation of the amplitude tiles the amplituhedron. The canonical form is naturally derived using the Grassmannian formula for the amplitude in the $\mathcal{N}=4$ formalism for ABJM theory.

hep-th↗

arXiv2020

Triangulation-free Trivialization of 2-loop MHV Amplituhedron

This article introduces a new approach to implement positivity for the 2-loop n-particle MHV amplituhedron, circumventing the conventional triangulation with respect to positive variables of each cell carved out by the sign flips. This approach is universal for all linear positive conditions and hence free of case-by-case triangulation, as an application of the trick of positive infinity first introduced in 1910.14612 for the multi-loop 4-particle amplituhedron. Moreover, the proof of 2-loop n-particle MHV amplituhedron in 1812.01822 is revised, and we explain the nontriviality and difficulty of using conventional triangulation while the results have a simple universal pattern. A further example is presented to tentatively explore its generalization towards handling multiple positive conditions at 3-loop and higher.

hep-th↗

arXiv2020

Weights, Recursion relations and Projective triangulations for Positive Geometry of scalar theories

The story of positive geometry of massless scalar theories was pioneered in [1] in the context of bi-adjoint $ϕ^3$ theories. Further study proposed that the positive geometry for a generic massless scalar theory with polynomial interaction is a class of polytopes called accordiohedra [2]. Tree-level planar scattering amplitudes of the theory can be obtained from a weighted sum of the canonical forms of the accordiohedra. In this paper, using results of the recent work [3], we show that in theories with polynomial interactions all the weights can be determined from the factorization property of the accordiohedron. We also extend the projective recursion relations introduced in [4,5] to these theories. We then give a detailed analysis of how the recursion relations in $ϕ^p$ theories and theories with polynomial interaction correspond to projective triangulations of accordiohedra. Following the very recent development [6] we also extend our analysis to one-loop integrands in the quartic theory.

hep-th↗

arXiv2020

Weights and recursion relations for $ϕ^p$ tree amplitudes from the positive geometry

Recently, the accordiohedron in kinematic space was proposed as the positive geometry for planar tree-level scattering amplitudes in the $ϕ^p$ theory \cite{Raman:2019utu}. The scattering amplitudes are given as a weighted sum over canonical forms of some accordiohedra with appropriate weights. These weights were determined by demanding that the weighted sum corresponds to the scattering amplitudes. It means that we need additional data from the quantum field theory to compute amplitudes from the geometry. It has been an important problem whether scattering amplitudes are completely obtained from only the geometry even in this $ϕ^p$ theory. In this paper, we show that these weights are completely determined by the factorization property of the accordiohedron. It means that the geometry of the accordiohedron is enough to determine these weights. In addition to this, we study one-parameter recursion relations for the $ϕ^p$ amplitudes. The one-parameter "BCFW"-like recursion relation for the $ϕ^3$ amplitudes was obtained from the triangulation of the ABHY-associahedron \cite{Arkani-Hamed:2017tmz}. After this, a new recursion relation was proposed from the projecting triangulation of the generalized ABHY-associahedron in \cite{Arkani-Hamed:2019vag, Yang:2019esm}. We generalize these one-parameter recursion relations to the $ϕ^p$ amplitudes and interpret as triangulations of the accordiohedra.

hep-th↗

arXiv2020

Sign Flip Triangulations of the Amplituhedron

We present new triangulations of the $m=4$ amplituhedron relevant for scattering amplitudes in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills, obtained directly from the combinatorial definition of the geometry. Using the "sign flip" characterization of the amplituhedron, we reproduce the canonical forms for the all-multiplicity next-to-maximally helicity violating (NMHV) and next-to-next-to-maximally helicity violating ($\text{N}^2$MHV) tree-level as well as the NMHV one-loop cases, without using any input from traditional amplitudes methods. Our results provide strong evidence for the equivalence of the original definition of the amplituhedron \cite{Arkani-Hamed:2013jha} and the topological one \cite{Arkani-Hamed:2017vfh}, and suggest a new path forward for computing higher loop amplitudes geometrically. In particular, we realize the NMHV one-loop amplituhedron as the intersection of two amplituhedra of lower dimensionality, which is reflected in the novel structure of the corresponding canonical form.

hep-th↗

arXiv2019

Triangulation of 2-loop MHV Amplituhedron from Sign Flips

In this paper, we consider the triangulation of 2-loop MHV amplituhedron from "sign flip" definition. Using the isomorphism between $m=2, k=2$ tree amplituhedron and 1-loop MHV physical amplituhedron, we found the direct triangulation of 2-loop MHV amplituhedron from sign flip. This triangulation is different from the BCFW triangulation because of the structure of the cells. And we also found a formula of the canonical form of $n$-point 2-loop MHV amplituhedron. This formula looks like a 2-loop version of the Kermit representation of 1-loop MHV amplitude. We checked that the sum of these cells of direct triangulation and BCFW or double pentagon diagram, these are consistent up to at least 22-pt amplitude numerically.

hep-th↗

arXiv2017

Non-Gaussian and loop effects of inflationary correlation functions in BRST formalism

We investigate inflationary correlation functions in single field inflation models. We adopt a BRST formalism where locality and covariance at the sub-horizon scale are manifest. The scalar and tensor perturbations are identified with those in the comoving gauge which become constant outside the cosmological horizon. Our construction reproduces the identical non-Gaussianity with the standard comoving gauge. The accumulation of almost scale invariant fluctuations could give rise to IR logarithmic corrections at the loop level. We investigate the influence of this effect on the sub-horizon dynamics. Since such an effect must respect covariance, our BRST gauge has an advantage over the standard comoving gauge. We estimate IR logarithmic effects to the slow-roll parameters at the one-loop level. We show that $ε$ receives IR logarithmic corrections, while this is not the case for $η$. We point out that IR logarithmic effects provide the shift symmetry breaking mechanism. This scenario may lead to an inflation model with a linear potential.

hep-th↗