arXiv subjects

S. I. Striganov

Publications and source records attributed to S. I. Striganov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Solving Critical Problems of the Muon Collider Higgs Factory: Optics, Magnets and their Protection, Detector Backgrounds

A low-energy medium-luminosity Muon Collider (MC) is being studied as a possible Higgs Factory (HF). Electrons from muon decays will deposit more than 300 kW in superconducting magnets of the HF collider ring. This imposes significant challenges to superconducting (SC) magnets used in the MC storage ring (SR) and interaction regions (IR). Magnet designs are proposed which provide high operating gradient and magnetic field in a large aperture to accommodate the large size of muon beams (due to low beta*), as well as a cooling system to intercept the large heat deposition from the showers induced by decay electrons. The distribution of heat deposition in the MC SR lattice elements requires large-aperture magnets in order to accommodate thick high-Z absorbers to protect the SC coils. Based on the developed MARS15 model and intensive simulations, a sophisticated radiation protection system was designed for the collider SR and IR to bring the peak power density in the superconducting coils below the quench limit and reduce the dynamic heat deposition in the cold mass by a factor of 100. The system consists of tight tungsten masks in the magnet interconnect regions and elliptical tungsten liners in the magnet aperture optimized individually for each magnet. These also reduce the background particle fluxes in the collider detector.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2018

Detector Backgrounds at the Higgs Factory Muon Collider: MARS vs FLUKA

Simulations for the 125-GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) have shown large background particle loads on the collider detector. To verify level, source and composition of background calculations were performed using FLUKA and MARS codes for two shielding configurations. After comprehensive tuning of muon beam parameters, geometry setups and scoring procedures, background particle distributions at the detector entrance were simulated and compared. The spatial distributions and energy spectra of background particles obtained by two codes are rather similar. Average numbers of background particles simulated using MARS and FLUKA agree within a factor of two.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2018

The Higgs Factory Muon Collider Superconducting Magnets and Their Protection Against Beam Decay Radiation

Low-energy medium-luminosity Muon Collider (MC) is being studied as a possible Higgs Factory (HF). Electrons from muon decays will deposit more than 300 kW in superconducting magnets of the HF collider ring. This imposes significant challenges to superconducting (SC) magnets used in the MC storage ring (SR) and interaction regions (IR). The magnet designs are proposed which provide high operating gradient and magnetic field in a large aperture to accommodate the large size of muon beams due to low \b{eta}* as well as the cooling system to intercept the large heat deposition from the showers induced by decay electrons. Specific distribution of heat deposition in the lattice elements MC SR requires large aperture magnets to accommodate thick high-Z absorbers to protect the SC coils. Based on the developed MARS15 model and intense simulations, a sophisticated radiation protection system was designed for the collider SR and IR to bring the peak power density in the superconducting coils below the quench limit and reduce the dynamic heat deposition in the cold mass by a factor of 100. The system consists of tight tungsten masks in the magnet interconnect regions and elliptical tungsten liners in magnet aperture optimized for each magnet. It also reduces the background particle fluxes in the collider detector.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2018

A Study of Muon Collider Background Rejection Criteria in Silicon Vertex and Tracker Detectors

The hit response of silicon vertex and tracking detectors to muon collider beam background and results of a study of hit reducing techniques are presented. The background caused by decays of the 750 GeV/c m+ and m- beams was simulated using the MARS15 program, which included the infrastructure of the beam line elements near the detector and the 10 degree nozzles that shield the detector from this background. The ILCRoot framework, along with the Geant4 program, was used to simulate the hit response of the silicon vertex and tracker detectors to the muon decay background remaining after the shielding nozzles. The background hit reducing techniques include timing, energy deposition, and hit location correlation in the double layer geometry.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2017

Measurements and calculations of air activation in the NuMI neutrino production facility at Fermilab with the 120-GeV proton beam on target

Measurements and calculations of the air activation at a high-energy proton accelerator are described. The quantity of radionuclides released outdoors depends on operation scenarios including details of the air exchange inside the facility. To improve the prediction of the air activation levels, the MARS15 Monte Carlo code radionuclide production model was modified to be used for these studies. Measurements were done to benchmark the new model and verify its use in optimization studies for the new DUNE experiment at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab. The measured production rates for the most important radionuclides - $^{11}$C, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $^{41}$Ar - are in a good agreement with those calculated with the improved MARS15 code.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2017

Update On The Code Intercomparison and Benchmark For Muon Fluence and Absorbed Dose Induced By An 18-GeV Electron Beam After Massive Iron Shielding

In 1974, Nelson, Kase and Svensson published an experimental investigation on muon shielding around SLAC high-energy electron accelerators. They measured muon fluence and absorbed dose induced by 14 and 18 GeV electron beams hitting a copper/water beamdump and attenuated in a thick steel shielding. In their paper, they compared the results with the theoretical models available at that time. In order to compare their experimental results with present model calculations, we use the modern transport Monte Carlo codes MARS15, FLUKA2011 and GEANT4 to model the experimental setup and run simulations. The results are then compared between the codes, and with the SLAC data.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

Energy Deposition Studies for the Hi-Lumi LHC Inner Triplet Magnets

A detailed model of the High Luminosity LHC inner triplet region with new large-aperture Nb3Sn magnets, field maps, corrector packages, and segmented tungsten inner absorbers was built and implemented into the FLUKA and MARS15 codes. In the optimized configuration, the peak power density averaged over the magnet inner cable width is safely below the quench limit. For the integrated luminosity of 3000 fb -1, the peak dose in the innermost magnet insulator ranges from 20 to 35 MGy. Dynamic heat loads to the triplet magnet cold mass are calculated to evaluate the cryogenic capability. In general, FLUKA and MARS results are in a very good agreement.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2014

Storage Ring And Interaction Region Magnets For A μ+μ- Higgs Factory

A low-energy Muon Collider (MC) offers unique opportunities to study the recently found Higgs boson. However, due to a relatively large beam emittance with moderate cooling in this machine, large-aperture high- field superconducting (SC) magnets are required. The magnets need also an adequate margin to operate at a large radiation load from the muon decay showers. General specifications of the SC dipoles and quadrupoles for the 125 GeV c.o.m. Higgs Factory with an average luminosity of ~2x10**31 cm-2s-1 are formulated. Magnet conceptual designs and parameters are reported. The impact of the magnet fringe fields on the beam dynamics as well as the IR and lattice magnet protection from radiation are also reported and discussed.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2014

Reducing backgrounds in the higgs factory muon collider detector

A preliminary design of the 125 GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) has identified an enormous background loads on the HF detector. This is related to the twelve times higher muon decay probability at HF compared to that previously studied for the 1.5- TeV MC. As a result of MARS15 optimization studies, it is shown that with a carefully designed protection system in the interaction region, in the machine-detector interface and inside the detector one can reduce the background rates to a manageable level similar to that achieved for the optimized 1.5-TeV case. The main characteristics of the HF detector background are presented for the configuration found.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2014

MARS15 Code Developments Driven by the Intensity Frontier Needs

The MARS15(2012) is the latest version of a multi-purpose Monte-Carlo code developed since 1974 for detailed simulation of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades in an arbitrary 3-D geometry of shielding, accelerator, detector and spacecraft components with energy ranging from a fraction of an electronvolt to 100 TeV. Driven by needs of the intensity frontier projects with their Megawatt beams, e.g., ESS, FAIR and Project X, the code has been recently substantially improved and extended. These include inclusive and exclusive particle event generators in the 0.7 to 12 GeV energy range, proton inelastic interaction modeling below 20 MeV, implementation of the EGS5 code for electromagnetic shower simulation at energies from 1 keV to 20 MeV, stopping power description in compound materials, new module for DPA calculations for neutrons from a fraction of eV to 20-150 MeV, user-friendly DeTra-based method to calculate nuclide inventories, and new ROOT-based geometry.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2014

Hadron Production Model Developments and Benchmarking in the 0.7 - 12 GeV Energy Region

Driven by the needs of the intensity frontier projects with their Megawatt beams, e.g., ESS, FAIR and Project X, and their experiments, the event generators of the MARS15 code have been recently improved. After thorough analysis and benchmarking against data, including the newest ones by the HARP collaboration, both the exclusive and inclusive particle production models were further developed in the crucial for the above projects - but difficult from a theoretical standpoint - projectile energy region of 0.7 to 12 GeV. At these energies, modelling of prompt particle production in nucleon-nucleon and pion-nucleon inelastic reactions is now based on a combination of phase-space and isobar models. Other reactions are still modeled in the framework of the Quark-Gluon String Model. Pion, kaon and strange particle production and propagation in nuclear media are improved. For the alternative inclusive mode, experimental data on large-angle (> 20 degrees) pion production in hadron-nucleus interactions are parameterized in a broad energy range using a two-source model. It is mixed-and-matched with the native MARS model that successfully describes low-angle pion production data. Predictions of both new models are - in most cases - in a good agreement with experimental data obtained at CERN, JINR, LANL, BNL and KEK.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2012

Detector Background at Muon Colliders

Physics goals of a Muon Collider (MC) can only be reached with appropriate design of the ring, interaction region (IR), high-field superconducting magnets, machine -detector interface (MDI) and detector. Results of the most recent realistic simulation studies are presented for a 1.5-TeV MC. It is shown that appropriately designed IR and MDI with sophisticated shielding in the detector have a potential to substantially suppress the background rates in the MC detector. The main characteristics of backgrounds are studied.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2012

Muon Collider interaction region and machine-detector interface design

One of the key systems of a Muon Collider (MC) - seen as the most exciting option for the energy frontier machine in the post-LHC era - is its interaction region (IR). Designs of its optics, magnets and machine-detector interface are strongly interlaced and iterative. As a result of recent comprehensive studies, consistent solutions for the 1.5-TeV c.o.m. MC IR have been found and are described here. To provide the required momentum acceptance, dynamic aperture and chromaticity, an innovative approach was used for the IR optics. Conceptual designs of large-aperture high-field dipole and high-gradient quadrupole magnets based on Nb3Sn superconductor were developed and analyzed in terms of the operating margin, field quality, mechanics, coil cooling and quench protection. Shadow masks in the interconnect regions and liners inside the magnets are used to mitigate the unprecedented dynamic heat deposition due to muon decays (~0.5 kW/m). It is shown that an appropriately designed machine-detector interface (MDI) with sophisticated shielding in the detector has a potential to substantially suppress the background rates in the MC detector.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2010

Towards the optimal energy of the proton driver for a neutrino factory and muon collider

Cross section data from the HARP experiment for pion production by protons from a tantalum target have been convoluted with the acceptance of the front-end channel for the proposed neutrino factory or muon collider and integrated over the full phase space measured by HARP, to determine the beam-energy dependence of the muon yield. This permits a determination of the optimal beam energy for the proton driver for these projects. The cross section data are corrected for the beam-energy dependent amplification due to the development of hadronic showers in a thick target. The conclusion is that, for constant beam power, the yield is maximum for a beam energy of about 7 GeV, but it is within 10% of this maximum for 4<Tbeam < 11 GeV, and within 20% of the maximum for Tbeam as low as 2 GeV. This result is insensitive to which of the two HARP groups' results are used, and to which pion generator is used to compute the thick target effects.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2006

Machine-Related Backgrounds in the SiD Detector at ILC

With a multi-stage collimation system and magnetic iron spoilers in the tunnel, the background particle fluxes on the ILC detector can be substantially reduced. At the same time, beam-halo interactions with collimators and protective masks in the beam delivery system create fluxes of muons and other secondary particles which can still exceed the tolerable levels for some of the ILC sub-detectors. Results of modeling of such backgrounds in comparison to those from the e+ e- interactions are presented in this paper for the SiD detector.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2005

Modeling heavy ion ionization loss in the MARS15 code

The needs of various accelerator and space projects stimulated recent developments to the MARS Monte Carlo code. One of the essential parts of those is heavy ion ionization energy loss. This paper describes an implementation of several corrections to dE/dx in order to take into account the deviations from the Bethe theory at low and high energies as well as the effect of a finite nuclear size at ultra-relativistic energies. Special attention is paid to the transition energy region where the onset of the effect of a finite nuclear size is observed. Comparisons with experimental data and NIST data are presented.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2004

On the Theory and Simulation of Multiple Coulomb Scattering of Heavy Charged Particles

The Moliere theory of multiple Coulomb scattering is modified to take into account difference between scattering off atomic nuclei and electron. A simple analytical expression for angular distribution of charged particles passing through a thick absorber is found. It does not assume any special form for a differential cross section and has wider range of applicability than a Gaussian approximation. A well-known method to simulate multiple Coulomb scattering is based on the different treatment of soft and hard collisions. An angular deflection in a large number of soft collisions is sampled using the proposed distribution function, a small number of hard collisions are simulated directly. A boundary between hard and soft collisions is defined providing a precise sampling of scattering angle (1% level) and small number of hard collisions. A corresponding simulation module takes into account projectile and nucleus charge distributions and exact kinematics of a projectile-electron interaction.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2004

Towards a Heavy-ion Transport Capability in the MARS15 Code

In order to meet the challenges of new accelerator and space projects and further improve modelling of radiation effects in microscopic objects, heavy-ion interaction and transport physics have been recently incorporated into the MARS15 Monte Carlo code. A brief description of new modules is given in comparison with experimental data.

nucl-th↗