arXiv subjects

S. J. Hogan

Publications and source records attributed to S. J. Hogan.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2023

The rocking can: a reduced equation of motion and a matched asymptotic solution

The rocking can problem consists of a empty drinks can standing upright on a horizontal plane which, when tipped back to a single contact point and released, rocks down towards the flat and level state. At the bottom of the motion, the contact point moves quickly around the rim of the can. The can then rises up again, having rotated through some finite angle of turn $Δψ$. We recast the problem as a second order ODE and find a Frobenius solution. We then use this Frobenius solution to derive a reduced equation of motion. The rocking can exhibits two distinct phenomena: behaviour very similar to an inverted pendulum, and dynamics with the angle of turn. This distinction allows us to use matched asymptotic expansions to derive a uniformly valid solution that is in excellent agreement with numerical calculations of the reduced equation of motion. The solution of the inner problem was used to investigate of the angle of turn phenomenon. We also examine the motion of the contact locus $\underline{x}_l$ and see a range of different trajectories, from circular to petaloid motion and even cusp-like behaviour. Finally, we obtain an approximate lower bound for the required coefficient of friction to avoid slip.

math.DS↗

arXiv2021

Regularisation of isolated codimension-2 discontinuity sets

Work on standard piecewise-smooth (PWS) dynamical systems, with codimension-1 discontinuity sets, relies on the Filippov framework, which does not always readily generalise to systems with higher codimension discontinuities. These higher order degeneracies occur in applications, with spatial Coulomb friction being the prominent example. In this work, we consider PWS systems with isolated codimension-2 discontinuity sets using regularization and blowup to study the dynamics. We present a general framework and give specific results for the local dynamics in a class of problems, and generalising Filippov sliding, crossing and sliding vector fields.

math.DS↗

arXiv2019

A dynamical systems model of unorganised segregation in two neighbourhoods

We present a complete analysis of the Schelling dynamical system [Haw2018] of two connected neighbourhoods, with or without population reservoirs, for different types of linear and nonlinear tolerance schedules. We show that stable integration is only possible when the minority is small and combined tolerance is large. Unlike the case of the single neighbourhood, limiting one population does not necessarily produce stable integration and may destroy it. We conclude that a growing minority can only remain integrated if the majority increases its own tolerance. Our results show that an integrated single neighbourhood may not remain so when a connecting neighbourhood is created.

nlin.AO↗

arXiv2018

Le canard de Painlevé

We consider the problem of a slender rod slipping along a rough surface. Painlevé \cite{Painleve1895, Painleve1905a,Painleve1905b} showed that the governing rigid body equations for this problem can exhibit multiple solutions (the {\it indeterminate} case) or no solutions at all (the {\it inconsistent} case), provided the coefficient of friction $μ$ exceeds a certain critical value $μ_P$. Subsequently Génot and Brogliato \cite{GenotBrogliato1999} proved that, from a consistent state, the rod cannot reach an inconsistent state through slipping. Instead there is a special solution for $μ>μ_C>μ_P$, with $μ_C$ a new critical value of the coefficient of friction, where the rod continues to slip until it reaches a singular `$0/0$' point $P$. Even though the rigid body equations can not describe what happens to the rod beyond the singular point $P$, it is possible to extend the special solution into the region of indeterminacy. This extended solution is very reminiscent of a {\it canard} \cite{Benoit81}. To overcome the inadequacy of the rigid body equations beyond $P$, the rigid body assumption is relaxed in the neighbourhood of the point of contact of the rod with the rough surface. Physically this corresponds to assuming a small compliance there. It is natural to ask what happens to both the point $P$ and the special solution under this regularization, in the limit of vanishing compliance. In this paper, we prove the existence of a canard orbit in a reduced $4D$ slow-fast phase space, connecting a $2D$ focus-type slow manifold with the stable manifold of a $2D$ saddle-type slow manifold. The proof combines several methods from local dynamical system theory, including blowup. The analysis is not standard, since we only gain ellipticity rather than hyperbolicity with our initial blowup.

math.DS↗

arXiv2017

A dynamical systems model of unorganised segregation

We consider Schelling's bounded neighbourhood model (BNM) of unorganised segregation of two populations from the perspective of modern dynamical systems theory. We derive a Schelling dynamical system and carry out a complete quantitative analysis of the system for the case of a linear tolerance schedule in both populations. In doing so, we recover and generalise Schelling's qualitative results. For the case of unlimited population movement, we derive exact formulae for regions in parameter space where stable integrated population mixes can occur. We show how neighbourhood tipping can be adequately explained in terms of basins of attraction. For the case of limiting population movement, we derive exact criteria for the occurrence of new population mixes and identify the stable cases. We show how to apply our methodology to nonlinear tolerance schedules, illustrating our approach with numerical simulations. We associate each term in our Schelling dynamical system with a social meaning. In particular we show that the dynamics of one population in the presence of another can be summarised as follows {rate of population change} = {intrinsic popularity of neighbourhood} - {finite size of neighbourhood} - {presence of other population} By approaching the dynamics from this perspective, we have a complementary approach to that of the tolerance schedule.

nlin.AO↗

arXiv2017

On the regularization of impact without collision: the Painlevé paradox and compliance

We consider the problem of a rigid body, subject to a unilateral constraint, in the presence of Coulomb friction. We regularize the problem by assuming compliance (with both stiffness and damping) at the point of contact, for a general class of normal reaction forces. Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we recover impact without collision (IWC) in both the inconsistent and indeterminate Painlevé paradoxes, in the latter case giving an exact formula for conditions that separate IWC and lift-off. We solve the problem for arbitrary values of the compliance damping and give explicit asymptotic expressions in the limiting cases of small and large damping, all for a large class of rigid bodies.

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Time-delayed models of gene regulatory networks

In this review we discuss different mathematical models of gene regulatory networks as relevant to the onset and development of cancer. After discussion of alternative modelling approaches, we use a paradigmatic two-gene network to focus on the role played by time delays in the dynamics of gene regulatory networks. We contrast the dynamics of the reduced model arising in the limit of fast mRNA dynamics with that of the full model. The review concludes with the discussion of some open problems.

q-bio.MN↗

arXiv2015

Regularizations of two-fold bifurcations in planar piecewise smooth systems using blow up

We use blowup to study the regularization of codimension one two-fold singularities in planar piecewise smooth (PWS) dynamical systems. We focus on singular canards, pseudo-equlibria and limit cycles that can occur in the PWS system. Using the regularization of Sotomayor and Teixeira \cite{Sotomayor96}, we show rigorously how singular canards can persist and how the bifurcation of pseudo-equilibria is related to bifurcations of equilibria in the regularized system. We also show that PWS limit cycles are connected to Hopf bifurcations of the regularization. In addition, we show how regularization can create another type of limit cycle that does not appear to be present in the original PWS system. For both types of limit cycle, we show that the criticality of the Hopf bifurcation that gives rise to periodic orbits is strongly dependent on the precise form of the regularization. Finally, we analyse the limit cycles as locally unique families of periodic orbits of the regularization and connect them, when possible, to limit cycles of the PWS system. We illustrate our analysis with numerical simulations and show how the regularized system can undergo a canard explosion phenomenon.

math.DS↗

arXiv2014

On the use of blow up to study regularizations of singularities of piecewise smooth dynamical systems in $\mathbb{R}^3$

In this paper we use the blow up method of Dumortier and Roussarie \cite{dumortier_1991,dumortier_1993,dumortier_1996}, in the formulation due to Krupa and Szmolyan \cite{krupa_extending_2001}, to study the regularization of singularities of piecewise smooth dynamical systems \cite{filippov1988differential} in $\mathbb R^3$. Using the regularization method of Sotomayor and Teixeira \cite{Sotomayor96}, first we demonstrate the power of our approach by considering the case of a fold line. We quickly recover a main result of Bonet and Seara \cite{reves_regularization_2014} in a simple manner. Then, for the two-fold singularity, we show that the regularized system only fully retains the features of the singular canards in the piecewise smooth system in the cases when the sliding region does not include a full sector of singular canards. In particular, we show that every locally unique primary singular canard persists the regularizing perturbation. For the case of a sector of primary singular canards, we show that the regularized system contains a canard, provided a certain non-resonance condition holds. Finally, we provide numerical evidence for the existence of secondary canards near resonance.

math.DS↗

arXiv2013

The scattering map in two coupled piecewise-smooth systems, with numerical application to rocking blocks

We consider a non-autonomous dynamical system formed by coupling two piecewise-smooth systems in $\RR^2$ through a non-autonomous periodic perturbation. We study the dynamics around one of the heteroclinic orbits of one of the piecewise-smooth systems. In the unperturbed case, the system possesses two $C^0$ normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds of dimension two with a couple of three dimensional heteroclinic manifolds between them. These heteroclinic manifolds are foliated by heteroclinic connections between $C^0$ tori located at the same energy levels. By means of the {\em impact map} we prove the persistence of these objects under perturbation. In addition, we provide sufficient conditions of the existence of transversal heteroclinic intersections through the existence of simple zeros of Melnikov-like functions. The heteroclinic manifolds allow us to define the {\em scattering map}, which links asymptotic dynamics in the invariant manifolds through heteroclinic connections. First order properties of this map provide sufficient conditions for the asymptotic dynamics to be located in different energy levels in the perturbed invariant manifolds. Hence we have an essential tool for the construction of a heteroclinic skeleton which, when followed, can lead to the existence of Arnol'd diffusion: trajectories that, on large time scales, destabilize the system by further accumulating energy. We validate all the theoretical results with detailed numerical computations of a mechanical system with impacts, formed by the linkage of two rocking blocks with a spring.

math.DS↗

arXiv2012

Stochastic Regular Grazing Bifurcations

A grazing bifurcation corresponds to the collision of a periodic orbit with a switching manifold in a piecewise-smooth ODE system and often generates complicated dynamics. The lowest order terms of the induced Poincare map expanded about a regular grazing bifurcation constitute a Nordmark map. In this paper we study a normal form of the Nordmark map in two dimensions with additive Gaussian noise of amplitude, epsilson [e]. We show that this particular noise formulation arises in a general setting and consider a harmonically forced linear oscillator subject to compliant impacts to illustrate the accuracy of the map. Numerically computed invariant densities of the stochastic Nordmark map can take highly irregular forms, or, if there exists an attracting period-n solution when e = 0, be well approximated by the sum of n Gaussian densities centred about each point of the deterministic solution, and scaled by 1/n, for sufficiently small e > 0. We explain the irregular forms and calculate the covariance matrices associated with the Gaussian approximations in terms of the parameters of the map. Close to the grazing bifurcation the size of the invariant density may be proportional to the square-root of e, as a consequence of a square-root singularity in the map. Sequences of transitions between different dynamical regimes that occur as the primary bifurcation parameter is varied have not been described previously.

math.DS↗

arXiv2012

Control of spatiotemporal patterns in the Gray-Scott model

This paper studies the effects of a time-delayed feedback control on the appearance and development of spatiotemporal patterns in a reaction-diffusion system. Different types of control schemes are investigated, including single-species, diagonal, and mixed control. This approach helps to unveil different dynamical regimes, which arise from chaotic state or from traveling waves. In the case of spatiotemporal chaos, the control can either stabilize uniform steady states or lead to bistability between a trivial steady state and a propagating traveling wave. Furthermore, when the basic state is a stable traveling pulse, the control is able to advance stationary Turing patterns or yield the above-mentioned bistability regime. In each case, the stability boundary is found in the parameter space of the control strength and the time delay, and numerical simulations suggest that diagonal control fails to control the spatiotemporal chaos.

nlin.CD↗

arXiv2012

The Melnikov method and subharmonic orbits in a piecewise smooth system

In this work we consider a two-dimensional piecewise smooth system, defined in two domains separated by the switching manifold $x=0$. We assume that there exists a piecewise-defined continuous Hamiltonian that is a first integral of the system. We also suppose that the system possesses an invisible fold-fold at the origin and two heteroclinic orbits connecting two hyperbolic critical points on either side of $x=0$. Finally, we assume that the region closed by these heteroclinic connections is fully covered by periodic orbits surrounding the origin, whose periods monotonically increase as they approach the heteroclinic connection. When considering a non-autonomous ($T$-periodic) Hamiltonian perturbation of amplitude $\varepsilon$, using an impact map, we rigorously prove that, for every $n$ and $m$ relatively prime and $\varepsilon>0$ small enough, there exists a $nT$-periodic orbit impacting $2m$ times with the switching manifold at every period if a modified subharmonic Melnikov function possesses a simple zero. We also prove that, if the orbits are discontinuous when they cross $x=0$, then all these orbits exist if the relative size of $\varepsilon>0$ with respect to the magnitude of this jump is large enough. We also obtain similar conditions for the splitting of the heteroclinic connections.

math.DS↗

arXiv2008

Dynamics of symmetric dynamical systems with delayed switching

We study dynamical systems that switch between two different vector fields depending on a discrete variable and with a delay. When the delay reaches a problem-dependent critical value so-called event collisions occur. This paper classifies and analyzes event collisions, a special type of discontinuity induced bifurcations, for periodic orbits. Our focus is on event collisions of symmetric periodic orbits in systems with full reflection symmetry, a symmetry that is prevalent in applications. We derive an implicit expression for the Poincare map near the colliding periodic orbit. The Poincare map is piecewise smooth, finite-dimensional, and changes the dimension of its image at the collision. In the second part of the paper we apply this general result to the class of unstable linear single-degree-of-freedom oscillators where we detect and continue numerically collisions of invariant tori. Moreover, we observe that attracting closed invariant polygons emerge at the torus collision.

math.DS↗