SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

S. K. Bogner

Publications and source records attributed to S. K. Bogner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Separable character of ab initio No-Core Shell Model one-body densities

Motivated by recent findings on the separability of optical potentials that are derived from folding off-shell densities with off-shell nucleon-nucleon amplitudes, we study the off-shell character of one-body density matrices created within the No-Core Shell Model (NCSM). Concentrating on nuclei with a 0$^+$ ground state from $^4$He through $^{48}$Ca, we investigate the off-shell character of their one-body density matrices in momentum space when using the momentum transfer and the average momentum as variables. A singular value decomposition of the one-body density matrices reveals that they can be characterized by only very few terms, depending on the mass number of the nucleus. These findings are independent of the nucleon-nucleon interactions employed, as well as from computational specifics as grid spacing and size of the model space.

nucl-th

High-resolution momentum distributions from low-resolution wave functions

Nucleon momentum distributions calculated with a common one-body operator vary with the resolution scale (and scheme) of the Hamiltonian used. For high-resolution potentials such as Argonne $v_{18}$ (AV18) there is a high-momentum tail, reflecting short-range correlations in the nuclear wave function, which is reduced or absent for softer, lower-resolution interactions. We explore if the similarity renormalization group (SRG) can be used to quantitatively reproduce the high-resolution distributions from variational Monte Carlo at all momenta using SRG-evolved operators and empirically fit single-particle orbitals rather than a full RG evolution of many-body wave functions. The goal of this approach is to enable calculations of high-resolution distributions for a wider range of nuclei as well as for other interactions, and provides connections to phenomenological analyses of experiments.

nucl-th

Optimized nuclear energy density functionals including long-range pion contributions

Nuclear energy density functionals successfully reproduce properties of nuclei across almost the entire nuclear chart. However, nearly all available functionals are phenomenological in nature and lack a rigorous connection to systematically improvable nuclear forces. This issue might be solved with an energy density functional obtained from first principles. As an intermediate step towards this goal we construct the GUDE family of functionals that is obtained from a hybrid scheme consisting of long-range pion-exchange contributions derived from chiral effective field theory at the Hartree-Fock level and a phenomenological Skyrme part. When including pion contributions beyond next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion, we find significant improvements over a reference Skyrme functional constructed following the same protocol. We analyze the importance of different pion contributions and identify which terms drive the observed improvements. Since pions are incorporated without adding further optimization parameters to the functionals, the improvements can be attributed to the functional form of these terms. Our work therefore suggests that the considered chiral contributions constitute useful ingredients for true ab initio energy density functionals.

nucl-th

The quasi-deuteron model at low RG resolution

The quasi-deuteron model introduced by Levinger is used to explain cross sections for knocking out high-momentum protons in photo-absorption on nuclei. This is within a framework we characterize as exhibiting high renormalization group (RG) resolution. Assuming a one-body reaction operator, the nuclear wave function must include two-body short-range correlations (SRCs) with deuteron-like quantum numbers. In a previous paper, we showed that SRC physics can be naturally accounted for at low RG resolution. Here we describe the quasi-deuteron model at low RG resolution and determine the Levinger constant, which is proportional to the ratio of nuclear photo-absorption to that for photo-disintegration of a deuteron. We extract the Levinger constant based on the ratio of momentum distributions at high relative momentum. We compute momentum distributions evolved under similarity RG (SRG) transformations, where the SRC physics is shifted into the operator as a universal two-body term. The short-range nature of this operator motivates using local-density approximations with uncorrelated wave functions in evaluating nuclear matrix elements, which greatly simplifies the analysis. The operator must be consistently matched to the RG scale and scheme of the interaction for a reliable extraction. We apply SRG transformations to different nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions and use the deuteron wave functions and Weinberg eigenvalues to determine approximate matching scales. We predict the Levinger constant for several NN interactions and a wide range of nuclei comparing to experimental extractions. The predictions at low RG resolution are in good agreement with experiment when starting with a hard NN interaction and the initial operator. Similar agreement is found using soft NN interactions when the additional two-body operator induced by evolution from hard to soft is included.

nucl-th

Short-range correlation physics at low RG resolution

Recent experiments have succeeded in isolating processes for which short-range correlation (SRC) physics is dominant and well accounted for by SRC phenomenology. But an alternative and compelling picture emerges from renormalization group (RG) evolution to low RG resolution. At high RG resolution, SRCs are identified as components in the nuclear wave function with relative pair momenta greater than the Fermi momentum. Scale separation results in wave-function factorization that can be exploited with phenomenologies such as the generalized contact formalism or the low-order correlation operator approximation. Evolution to lower resolution shifts SRC physics from nuclear structure to the reaction operators without changing the measured observables. We show how the features of SRC phenomenology manifested at high RG resolution are cleanly identified at low RG resolution using simple two-body operators and local-density approximations with uncorrelated wave functions, all of which can be systematically generalized. We verify that the experimental consequences to date follow directly at low resolution from well-established properties of nucleon-nucleon interactions such as the tensor force. Thus the RG reconciles the contrasting pictures of the same experiment and shows how to get correct results using wave functions without SRC components. Our demonstration has implications for the analysis of knock-out reactions for which SRC physics is not cleanly isolated.

nucl-th

Comparing different density-matrix expansions for long-range pion exchange

Empirical energy density functionals (EDFs) are generally successful in describing nuclear properties across the table of nuclides. But their limitations motivate using the density-matrix expansion (DME) to embed long-range pion interactions into a Skyrme functional. Recent results on the impact of the pion were both encouraging and puzzling, necessitating a careful re-examination of the DME implementation. Here we take the first steps, focusing on two-body scalar terms in the DME. Exchange energies with long-range one-pion contributions are well approximated by all DME implementations considered, with preference for variants that do not truncate at two derivatives in every EDF term. The use of the DME for chiral pion contributions is therefore supported by this investigation. For scalar-isovector energies it is important to treat neutrons and protons separately. The results are found to apply under broad conditions, although self-consistency is not yet tested.

nucl-th

Operator evolution from the similarity renormalization group and the Magnus expansion

The Magnus expansion is an efficient alternative to solving similarity renormalization group (SRG) flow equations with high-order, memory-intensive ordinary differential equation solvers. The numerical simplifications it offers for operator evolution are particularly valuable for in-medium SRG calculations, though challenges remain for difficult problems involving intruder states. Here we test the Magnus approach in an analogous but more accessible situation, which is the free-space SRG treatment of the spurious bound-states arising from a leading-order chiral effective field theory (EFT) potential with very high cutoffs. We show that the Magnus expansion passes these tests and then use the investigations as a springboard to address various aspects of operator evolution that have renewed relevance in the context of the scale and scheme dependence of nuclear processes. These aspects include SRG operator flow with band- versus block-diagonal generators, universality for chiral EFT Hamiltonians and associated operators with different regularization schemes, and the impact of factorization arising from scale separation. Implications for short-range correlations physics and the possibilities for reconciling high- and low-resolution treatments of nuclear structure and reactions are discussed.

nucl-th

Incorporating Brueckner-Hartree-Fock correlations in the Density Matrix Expansion approach

Recently, a microscopically motivated nuclear energy density functional was derived by applying the density matrix expansion to the Hartree-Fock (HF) energy obtained from long-range chiral effective field theory two- and three-nucleon interactions. However, the HF approach cannot account for all many-body correlations. One class of correlations is included by Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) theory, which gives an improved definition of the one-body HF potential by replacing the interaction by a reaction matrix $G$. In this paper, we find that the difference between the $G$-matrix and the nucleon-nucleon potential $V_{\mathrm{NN}}$ can be well accounted for by a truncated series of contact terms. This is consistent with renormalization group decoupling generating a series of counterterms as short-distance physics is integrated out. The coefficients $C_{n}$ of the power series expansion $\sum C_{n}q^{n}$ for the counterterms are examined for two potentials at different renormalization group resolutions and at a range of densities. The success of this expansion for $G-V_{\mathrm{NN}}$ means we can apply the density matrix expansion at the HF level with low-momentum interactions and density-dependent zero-range interactions to model BHF correlations.

nucl-th

Microscopically-based energy density functionals for nuclei using the density matrix expansion: Full optimization and validation

We seek to obtain a usable form of the nuclear energy density functional that is rooted in the modern theory of nuclear forces. We thus consider a functional obtained from the density matrix expansion of local nuclear potentials from chiral effective field theory. We propose a parametrization of this functional carefully calibrated and validated on selected ground-state properties that is suitable for large-scale calculations of nuclear properties. The first component of this functional is a non-local functional of the density and corresponds to the direct part (Hartree term) of the expectation value of local chiral potentials on a Slater determinant. A second component is a local functional of the density and is obtained by applying the density matrix expansion to the exchange part (Fock term) of the expectation value of the local chiral potential. We apply the UNEDF2 optimization protocol to determine the coupling constants of this energy functional. We obtain a set of microscopically-constrained functionals for local chiral potentials from leading-order up to next-to-next-to-leading order with and without three-body forces and contributions from $Δ$ excitations. These functionals are validated on the calculation of nuclear and neutron matter, nuclear mass tables, single-particle shell structure in closed-shell nuclei and the fission barrier of $^{240}$Pu. Quantitatively, they perform noticeable better than the more phenomenological Skyrme functionals. The inclusion of higher-order terms in the chiral perturbation expansion seems to produce a systematic improvement in predicting nuclear binding energies. This result is especially promising since all the fits have been performed at the single reference level of the energy density functional approach, where important collective correlations such as center-of-mass correction have not been taken into account yet.

nucl-th

Addition and removal energies of circular quantum dots

We present and compare several many-body methods as applied to two-dimensional quantum dots with circular symmetry. We calculate the approximate ground state energy using a harmonic oscillator basis optimized by Hartree-Fock (HF) theory and further improve the ground state energy using two post-HF methods: in-medium similarity renormalization group (IM-SRG) and coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD). With the application of quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) or the equations-of-motion (EOM) method to the results of the previous two methods, we obtain addition and removal energies as well. Our results are benchmarked against full configuration interaction (FCI) and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) where available. We examine the rate of convergence and perform extrapolations to the infinite basis limit using a power-law model.

physics.chem-ph

Ab initio electromagnetic observables with the in-medium similarity renormalization group

We present the formalism for consistently transforming transition operators within the in-medium similarity renormalization group framework. We implement the operator transformation in both the equations-of-motion and valence-space variants, and present first results for electromagnetic transitions and moments in medium-mass nuclei using consistently-evolved operators, including the induced two-body parts. These results are compared to experimental values, and--where possible--the results of no-core shell model calculations using the same input chiral interaction. We find good agreement between the equations-of-motion and valence space approaches. Magnetic dipole observables are generally in reasonable agreement with experiment, while the more collective electric quadrupole and octupole observables are significantly underpredicted, often by over an order of magnitude, indicating missing physics at the present level of truncation.

nucl-th

Effective proton-neutron interaction near the drip line from unbound states in $^{25,26}$F

Background: Odd-odd nuclei, around doubly closed shells, have been extensively used to study proton-neutron interactions. However, the evolution of these interactions as a function of the binding energy, ultimately when nuclei become unbound, is poorly known. The $^{26}$F nucleus, composed of a deeply bound $\pi0d\_{5/2}$ proton and an unbound $\nu0d\_{3/2}$ neutron on top of an $^{24}$O core, is particularly adapted for this purpose. The coupling of this proton and neutron results in a $J^π = 1^{+}\_1 - 4^{+}\_1$ multiplet, whose energies must be determined to study the influence of the proximity of the continuum on the corresponding proton-neutron interaction. The $J^π = 1^{+}\_1, 2^{+}\_1,4^{+}\_1$ bound states have been determined, and only a clear identification of the $J^π =3^{+}\_1$ is missing.Purpose: We wish to complete the study of the $J^π = 1^{+}\_1 - 4^{+}\_1$ multiplet in $^{26}$F, by studying the energy and width of the $J^π =3^{+}\_1$ unbound state. The method was firstly validated by the study of unbound states in $^{25}$F, for which resonances were already observed in a previous experiment.Method: Radioactive beams of $^{26}$Ne and $^{27}$Ne, produced at about $440A$\,MeV by the FRagment Separator at the GSI facility, were used to populate unbound states in $^{25}$F and $^{26}$F via one-proton knockout reactions on a CH$\_2$ target, located at the object focal point of the R$^3$B/LAND setup. The detection of emitted $γ$-rays and neutrons, added to the reconstruction of the momentum vector of the $A-1$ nuclei, allowed the determination of the energy of three unbound states in $^{25}$F and two in $^{26}$F. Results: Based on its width and decay properties, the first unbound state in $^{25}$F is proposed to be a $J^π = 1/2^-$ arising from a $p\_{1/2}$ proton-hole state. In $^{26}$F, the first resonance at 323(33)~keV is proposed to be the $J^π =3^{+}\_1$ member of the $J^π = 1^{+}\_1 - 4^{+}\_1$ multiplet. Energies of observed states in $^{25,26}$F have been compared to calculations using the independent-particle shell model, a phenomenological shell-model, and the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group method.Conclusions: The deduced effective proton-neutron interaction is weakened by about 30-40\% in comparison to the models, pointing to the need of implementing the role of the continuum in theoretical descriptions, or to a wrong determination of the atomic mass of $^{26}$F.

nucl-ex

Estimates and power counting in uniform matter with softened interactions

Modern softened nucleon-nucleon interactions are well-suited for perturbative many-body calculations, but a many-body power counting scheme is lacking. Estimates of diagrammatic contributions at finite density are important ingredients in such a scheme. Here we show how to make quantitative estimates of the particle-particle and hole-hole channel in uniform nuclear matter for soft interactions. We also use estimates to assess the role of normal-ordered three-body forces for a pure contact interaction.

nucl-th

Applying the Density Matrix Expansion with Coordinate-Space Chiral Interactions

We apply the density matrix expansion (DME) at Hartree-Fock level with long-range chiral effective field theory interactions defined in coordinate space up to next-to-next-to-leading order. We consider chiral potentials both with and without explicit Delta isobars. The challenging algebra associated with applying the DME to three-nucleon forces is tamed using a new organization scheme, which will also facilitate generalizations. We include local regulators on the interactions to mitigate the effects of singular potentials on the DME couplings and simplify the optimization of generalized Skyrme-like functionals.

nucl-th

Ab Initio Excited States from the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group

We present two new methods for performing ab initio calculations of excited states for closed-shell systems within the in-medium similarity renormalization group (IMSRG) framework. Both are based on combining the IMSRG with simple many-body methods commonly used to target excited states, such as the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and equations-of-motion (EOM) techniques. In the first approach, a two-step sequential IMSRG transformation is used to drive the Hamiltonian to a form where a simple TDA calculation (i.e., diagonalization in the space of $1$p$1$h excitations) becomes exact for a subset of eigenvalues. In the second approach, equations-of-motion (EOM) techniques are applied to the ground-state-decoupled IMSRG Hamiltonian to access excited states. We perform proof-of-principle calculations for parabolic quantum dots in two-dimensions and the closed shell nuclei $^{16}$O and $^{22}$O. We find that the TDA-IMSRG approach gives better accuracy than the EOM-IMSRG when calculations converge, but is otherwise lacking the versatility and numerical stability of the latter. Our calculated spectra are in reasonable agreement with analogous EOM-coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) calculations, which paves the way for more interesting applications of the EOM-IMSRG to calculations of consistently evolved observables such as electromagnetic strength functions and nuclear matrix elements, and extensions to nuclei within 1-2 nucleons of a closed shell by generalizing the EOM ladder operator to include particle-number nonconserving terms.

nucl-th

In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group Approach to the Nuclear Many-Body Problem

We present a pedagogical discussion of Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) methods, in particular the In-Medium SRG (IMSRG) approach for solving the nuclear many-body problem. These methods use continuous unitary transformations to evolve the nuclear Hamiltonian to a desired shape. The IMSRG, in particular, is used to decouple the ground state from all excitations and solve the many-body Schrödinger equation. We discuss the IMSRG formalism as well as its numerical implementation, and use the method to study the pairing model and infinite neutron matter. We compare our results with those of Coupled cluster theory, Configuration-Interaction Monte Carlo, and the Self-Consistent Green's Function approach. The chapter concludes with an expanded overview of current research directions, and a look ahead at upcoming developments.

nucl-th

A nucleus-dependent valence-space approach to nuclear structure

We present a nucleus-dependent valence-space approach for calculating ground and excited states of nuclei, which generalizes the shell-model in-medium similarity renormalization group to an ensemble reference with fractionally filled orbitals. Because the ensemble is used only as a reference, and not to represent physical states, no symmetry restoration is required. This allows us to capture 3N forces among valence nucleons with a valence-space Hamiltonian specifically targeted to each nucleus of interest. Predicted ground-state energies from carbon through nickel agree with results of other large-space ab initio methods, generally to the 1\% level. In addition, we show that this new approach is required in order to obtain convergence for nuclei in the upper $p$ and $sd$ shells. Finally, we address the $1^+$/$3^+$ ground-state inversion problem in $^{22}\text{Na}$ and $^{46}\text{V}$. This approach extends the reach of ab initio nuclear structure calculations to essentially all light- and medium-mass nuclei.

nucl-th

Ground and excited states of doubly open-shell nuclei from ab initio valence-space Hamiltonians

We present ab initio predictions for ground and excited states of doubly open-shell fluorine and neon isotopes based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions. We use the in-medium similarity renormalization group, in both flow-equation and Magnus formulations, to derive mass-dependent sd valence-space Hamiltonians. The experimental ground-state energies are reproduced through neutron number N=14, beyond which a new targeted normal-ordering procedure improves agreement with data and large-scale multi-reference calculations. For spectroscopy, we focus on neutron-rich 23-26F and 24-26Ne isotopes near N=14,16 magic numbers. In all cases we find an agreement with experiment competitive with established phenomenology. Moreover, yrast states are well described in 20Ne and 24Mg, providing an ab initio description of deformation in the medium-mass region.

nucl-th