arXiv subjects

S. Kullander

Publications and source records attributed to S. Kullander.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2011

Exclusive Measurements of pp -> dpi+pi0: Double-Pionic Fusion without ABC Effect

Exclusive measurements of the reaction pp -> dpi+pi0 have been carried out at T_p = 1.1 GeV at the CELSIUS storage ring using the WASA detector. The isovector pi+pi0 channel exhibits no enhancement at low invariant pipi masses, i. e. no ABC effect. The differential distributions are in agreement with the conventional t-channel Delta-Delta excitation process, which also accounts for the observed energy dependence of the total cross section. This is an update of a previously published version -- see important note at the end of the article.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2011

ABC Effect in Basic Double-Pionic Fusion --- Observation of a new resonance?

We report on a high-statistics measurement of the basic double pionic fusion reaction $pn \to dπ^0π^0$ over the energy region of the so-called ABC effect, a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the $ππ$-invariant mass spectrum. The measurements were performed with the WASA detector setup at COSY. The data reveal the ABC effect to be associated with a Lorentzian shaped energy dependence in the integral cross section. The observables are consistent with a resonance with $I(J^P) =0(3^+)$ in both $pn$ and $ΔΔ$ systems. Necessary further tests of the resonance interpretation are discussed.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2010

Exclusive Measurement of the $pp \to nnπ^+π^+$ Reaction at 1.1 GeV

First exclusive data for the $pp \to nnπ^+π^+$ reaction have been obtained at CELSIUS with the WASA detector setup at a beam energy of $T_p$ = 1.1 GeV. Total and differential cross sections disagree with theoretical calculations, which predict the $ΔΔ$ excitation to be the dominant process at this beam energy. Instead the data require the excitation of a higher-lying $Δ$ state, most likely the $Δ(1600)$, to be the leading process.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2010

Delta Delta Excitation in Proton-Proton Induced pi0pi0 Production

Exclusive measurements of the $pp \to ppπ^0π^0$ reaction have been performed at CELSIUS/WASA at energies from threshold up to $T_p$ = 1.3 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained. Here we concentrate on energies $T_p \ge$ 1 GeV, where the $ΔΔ$ excitation becomes the leading process. No evidence is found for a significant ABC effect beyond that given by the conventional $t$-channel $ΔΔ$ excitation. This holds also for the double-pionic fusion to the quasibound $^2$He. The data are compared to model predictions, which are based on both pion and $ρ$ exchange. Total and differential cross sections are at variance with these predictions and call for a profound modification of the $ρ$-exchange. A phenomenological modification allowing only a small $ρ$ exchange contribution leads to a quantitative description of the data.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2010

Production of eta and 3pi mesons in the pd->3HeX reaction at 1360 and 1450 MeV

The cross sections of the pd -> 3He eta, pd -> 3He pi0 pi0 pi0 and pd -> 3He pi+ pi- pi0 reactions have been measured at beam kinetic energies T_p= 1360 MeV and T_p= 1450 MeV using the CELSIUS/WASA detector setup. At both energies, the differential cross section dsigma/dOmega of the eta meson in the pd -> 3He eta reaction shows a strong forward-backward asymmetry in the CMS. The ratio between the pd -> 3He pi+ pi- pi0 and the pd -> 3He pi0 pi0 pi0 cross sections has been analysed in terms of isospin amplitudes. The reconstructed invariant mass distributions of the pi-pi, 3He-pi and 3He-2pi systems provide hints on the role of nucleon resonances in the 3pi production process.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

The pd --> ^3He eta pi0 reaction at T_p = 1450 MeV

The cross section for the pd --> ^3He eta pi0 reaction has been measured at a beam energy of 1450 MeV using the WASA detector at the CELSIUS storage ring and detecting one ^3He and four photons from the decays of the two photons. The data indicate that the production mechanism involves the formation of the Delta(1232) isobar. Although the beam energy does not allow the full peak of this resonance to be seen, the invariant masses of all three pairs of final state particles are well reproduced by a phase space Monte Carlo simulation weighted with the p-wave factor of the square of the pi^0 momentum in the ^3Hepi^0 system.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

Two-Pion Production in Proton-Proton Collisions -- Experimental Total Cross Sections and their Isospin Decomposition

The two-pion production in pp-collisions has been investigated at CELSIUS in exclusive measurements from threshold up to $T_p$ = 1.36 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained for the channels $pnπ^+π^0$, $ppπ^+π^-$, $ppπ^0π^0$ and also $nnπ^+π^+$. For intermediate incident energies $T_p >$ 1 GeV, i.e. in the region which is beyond the Roper excitation but at the onset of $ΔΔ$ excitation, the total $ppπ^0π^0$ cross section falls behind theoretical predictions by as much as an order of magnitude near 1.2 GeV, whereas the $nnπ^+π^+$ cross section is a factor of five larger than predicted. An isospin decompostion of the total cross sections exhibits a s-channel-like energy dependence in the region of the Roper excitation as well as a significant contribution of an isospin 3/2 resonance other than the $Δ(1232)$. As possible candidates the $Δ(1600)$ and the $Δ(1700)$ are discussed.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

Exclusive measurement of two-pion production in the dd --> 4Hepipi reaction

The results from the first kinematically complete measurement of the dd --> 4Hepipi reaction are reported. The aim was to investigate a long standing puzzle regarding the origin of the peculiar pipi-invariant mass distributions appearing in double pion production in light ion collisions, the so-called ABC effect. The measurements were performed at the incident deuteron energies of 712 MeV and 1029 MeV, with the WASA detector assembly at CELSIUS in Uppsala, Sweden. We report the observation of a characteristic enhancement at low pipi-invariant mass at 712 MeV, the lowest energy yet. At the higher energy, in addition to confirming previous experimental observations, our results reveal a strong angular dependence of the pions in the overall centre of mass system. The results are qualitatively reproduced by a theoretical model, according to which the ABC effect is described as resulting from a kinematical enhancement in the production of the pion pairs from two parallel and independent NN--> dpi sub-processes.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

Production of the omega meson in the pd --> 3He omega reaction at 1450 MeV and 1360 MeV

The production of $ω$ mesons in the $pd \to{}^3$He$ ω$ reaction has been studied at two energies near the kinematic threshold, $T_p=1450$ MeV and $T_p=1360$ MeV. The differential cross section was measured as a function of the $ω$ cm angle at both energies over the whole angular range. Whereas the results at 1360 MeV are consistent with isotropy, strong rises are observed near both the forward and backward directions at 1450 MeV. Calculations made using a two-step model with an intermediate pion fail to reproduce the shapes of the measured angular distributions and also underestimate the total cross sections.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

Double-Pionic Fusion of Nuclear Systems and the ABCEffect -- Aproaching a Puzzle by Exclusive and Kinematically Complete Measurements

The ABC effect - a puzzling low-mass enhancement in the $ππ$ invariant mass spectrum - is well-known from inclusive measurements of two-pion production in nuclear fusion reactions. Here we report on first exclusive and kinematically complete measurements of the most basic double pionic fusion reaction $pn \to d π^0π^0$ at 1.03 and 1.35 GeV. The measurements, which have been carried out at CELSIUS-WASA, reveal the ABC effect to be a $(ππ)_{I=L=0}$ channel phenomenon associated with both a resonance-like energy dependence in the integral cross section and the formation of a $ΔΔ$ system in the intermediate state. A corresponding simple s-channel resonance ansatz provides a surprisingly good description of the data.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2008

Polarisation of the omega meson in the pd-->3He+omega reaction at 1360 and 1450 MeV

The tensor polarisation of omega mesons produced in the pd-->3He+omega reaction has been studied at two energies near threshold. The 3He nuclei were detected in coincidence with the pi0pi+pi- or pi0gamma decay products of the omega. In contrast to the case of phi meson production, the omega mesons are found to be unpolarised. This brings into question the applicability of the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule when comparing the production of vector mesons in low energy hadronic reactions.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2008

The WASA Detector Facility at CELSIUS

The WASA 4pi multidetector system, aimed at investigating light meson production in light ion collisions and eta meson rare decays at the CELSIUS storage ring in Uppsala is presented. A detailed description of the design, together with the anticipated and achieved performance parameters are given.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2008

Measurement of eta meson decays into lepton-antilepton pairs

A search for rare lepton decays of the eta meson was performed using the WASA detector at CELSIUS. Two candidates for double Dalitz decay eta->e+e-e+e- events are reported with a background of 1.3+/-0.2 events. This allows to set an upper limit to the branching ratio of 9.7E-5 (90% CL). The branching ratio for the decay eta->e+e-gamma is determined to (7.8+/-0.5 stat+/-0.8 syst)E-3. An upper limit (90% CL) for the branching ratio for the eta->e+e- decay is 2.7E-5 and a limit for the sum of the eta->mu+mu-mu+mu- and eta->pi+pi-mu+mu- decays is 3.6E-4.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2007

Measurement of the Slope Parameter for the eta->3pi0 Decay in the pp->pp eta Reaction

The CELSIUS/WASA setup is used to measure the 3pi0 decay of eta mesons produced in pp interactions with beam kinetic energies of 1.36 and 1.45 GeV. The efficiency-corrected Dalitz plot and density distributions for this decay are shown, together with a fit of the quadratic slope parameter alpha yielding alpha = -0.026 +/- 0.010(stat) +/- 0.010(syst). This value is compared to recent experimental results and theoretical predictions.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2007

The pp -> pp pi pi pi reaction channels in the threshold region

The cross section for prompt neutral and charged three pion production in pp interactions was measured at excess energies in the range 160 - 217 MeV. That comprises the first measurement of the pp->pp pi0pi0pi0 reaction and the comparison with the pp->pp pi+pi-pi0 reaction, in a very direct way. The experiment was performed above the eta meson production threshold and the cross section normalization was obtained from a concurrent measurement of the reaction pp->pp eta with the eta decaying into 3 pions. Since the same final states are selected, the measurement has a low systematical error. The measured cross section ratio sigma(pp->pp pi+pi-pi0)/sigma(pp->pp pi0\pi0\pi0) is compared to predictions of dominance of different isobars in the intermediate state.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2006

Evidence for a 'Narrow' Roper Resonance - the Breathing Mode of the Nucleon

All the time since its discovery the N$^*$(1440) baryon state, commonly known as Roper resonance, has been a state with many question marks - despite of its 4-star ranking in the particle data book. One reason is that it does not produce any explicit resonance-like structures in the observables of $π$N or $γ$N reactions. Only in partial wave analyses of $π$N scattering data a clear resonance strcuture gets obvious in the $P_{11}$ partial wave. Very recent measurements of the J/$Ψ$ decay by the BES collaboration and of the $pp \to npπ^+$ reaction at 1.3 GeV by the CELSIUS-WASA collaboration show for the first time a clear resonance structure in the invariant $nπ^+$ mass spectrum for the Roper resonance at M $\approx$ 1360 MeV with a width of about 150 MeV. These values agree very favorably with the pole position results of recent $π$N phase shift analyses. In consequence of this very low-lying pole postion, which is roughly 100 MeV below the nominal value, the decay properties have to be reinvestigated. From our two-pion production data we see that the decay mainly proceeds via N$^* \to $N$σ$, i.e. a monopole transition as expected for the breathing mode of the nucleon.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2006

Two-Pion Production in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions and the ABC-Effect - Approaching a Puzzleby exclusive and Kinematically complete Measurements

The ABC effect - a puzzling low-mass enhancement in the $ππ$ invariant mass spectrum - is known from inclusive measurements of two-pion production in nuclear collisions, where it always showed up, if the participating nucleons fused to a bound nuclear system in the final state. The first exclusive measurements on the ABC effect have been carried out very recently at CELSIUS-WASA for the fusion reactions leading to d, $^3$He and $^4$He nuclei in the final state. The data analyzed so far for the fusion processes to d and $^3$He reveal this effect to be a $σ$ channel phenomenon associated with the formation of a strongly attractive $ΔΔ$ system. The data for the strictly isospin-selective double-pionic fusion to $^4$He, where we expect the largest effect, are currently still analyzed. All inclusive data on this system are well described by our model, too. This case also constitutes the heaviest nuclear system, where exclusive measurements of double-pionic fusion can be carried out with present-day instruments. Surprisingly, the $pp \to ppπ^0π^0$ reaction in the $ΔΔ$ region is observed to also show a ABC-like low-$ππ$ mass enhancement, a phenomenon, which deserves special attention.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2006

Measurement of the eta->pi+pi-e+e- decay branching ratio

The reaction pd->3He eta at threshold was used to provide a clean source of eta mesons for decay studies with the WASA detector at CELSIUS. The branching ratio of the decay eta->pi+pi-e+e- is measured to be (4.3+/-1.3+/-0.4)x10^-4.

hep-ex↗