arXiv subjects

S. Leupold

Publications and source records attributed to S. Leupold.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Hadron Physics Opportunities at FAIR

This White Paper outlines a coordinated, decade-spanning programme of hadron and QCD studies anchored at the GSI/FAIR accelerator complex. Profiting from intense deuteron, proton and pion beams coupled with high-rate capable detectors and an international theory effort, the initiative addresses fundamental questions related to the strong interaction featuring confinement and dynamical mass generation. This includes our understanding of hadron-hadron interactions and the composition of hadrons through mapping the baryon and meson spectra, including exotic states, and quantifying hadron structure. This interdisciplinary research connects topics in the fields of nuclear, heavy-ion, and (nuclear) astro (particle) physics, linking, for example, terrestrial data to constraints on neutron star structure. A phased roadmap with SIS100 accelerator start-up and envisaged detector upgrades will yield precision cross sections, transition form factors, in-medium spectral functions, and validated theory inputs. Synergies with external programmes at international accelerator facilities worldwide are anticipated. The programme is expected to deliver decisive advances in our understanding of non-perturbative (strong) QCD and astrophysics, and high-rate detector and data-science technology.

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arXiv2020

Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory -- phenomenology -- heavy-ion collisions

This report summarizes the presentations and discussions during the Rapid Reaction Task Force "Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory -- phenomenology -- heavy-ion collisions", which was organized by the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and held at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany in April 2019. We address the current understanding of the dynamics of critical fluctuations in QCD and their measurement in heavy-ion collision experiments. In addition, we outline what might be learned from studying correlations in other physical systems, such as cold atomic gases.

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arXiv2016

Measurement of the $ω\to π^+ π^- π^0$ Dalitz plot distribution

Using the production reactions $pd\to {}^3\mbox{He}\,ω$ and $pp\to ppω$, the Dalitz plot distribution for the $ω\to π^+ π^- π^0$ decay is studied with the WASA detector at COSY, based on a combined data sample of $ (4.408\pm 0.042) \times 10^4$ events. The Dalitz plot density is parametrised by a product of the $P$-wave phase space and a polynomial expansion in the normalised polar Dalitz plot variables $Z$ and $ϕ$. For the first time, a deviation from pure $P$-wave phase space is observed with a significance of $4.1σ$. The deviation is parametrised by a linear term $1+2αZ$, with $α$ determined to be $+0.147\pm0.036$, consistent with the expectations of $ρ$-meson-type final-state interactions of the $P$-wave pion pairs.

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arXiv2015

Lifetime of the eta' meson at low temperature

This work constitutes one part of an investigation of the low-temperature changes of the properties of the eta' meson. In turn these properties are strongly tied to the U(1)_A anomaly of Quantum Chromodynamics. The final aim is to explore the interplay of the chiral anomaly and in-medium effects. We determine the lifetime of an eta' meson being at rest in a strongly interacting medium as a function of the temperature. To have a formally well-defined low-energy limit we use in a first step Chiral Perturbation Theory for a large number of colors. We determine the pertinent scattering amplitudes in leading and next-to-leading order. In a second step we include resonances that appear in the same mass range as the eta' meson. The resonances are introduced such that the low-energy limit remains unchanged and that they saturate the corresponding low-energy constants. This requirement fixes all coupling constants. We find that the width of the eta' meson is significantly increased from about 200 keV in vacuum to about 10 MeV at a temperature of 120 MeV.

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arXiv2013

MesonNet Workshop on Meson Transition Form Factors

The mini-proceedings of the Workshop on Meson Transition Form Factors held in Cracow from May 29th to 30th, 2012 introduce the meson transition form factor project with special emphasis on the interrelations between the various form factors (on-shell, single off-shell, double off-shell). Short summaries of the talks presented at the workshop follow.

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arXiv2013

Photon-fusion reactions from the chiral Lagrangian with dynamical light vector mesons

We study the reactions $γγ\rightarrow π^0π^0$, $π^+π^-$, $K^0\bar{K}^0$, $K^+K^-$, $ηη$ and $π^0η$ based on a chiral Lagrangian with dynamical light vector mesons as formulated within the hadrogenesis conjecture. At present our chiral Lagrangian contains 5 unknown parameters that are relevant for the photon fusion reactions. They parameterize the strength of interaction terms involving two vector meson fields. These parameters are fitted to photon fusion data $γγ\rightarrow π^0π^0$, $π^+π^-, π^0η$ and to the decay $η\rightarrowπ^0γγ$. In order to derive gauge invariant reaction amplitudes in the resonance region constraints from micro-causality and exact coupled-channel unitarity are used. Our results are in good agreement with the existing experimental data from threshold up to about 0.9 GeV for the two-pion final states. The $a_0$ meson in the $π^0η$ channel is dynamically generated and an accurate reproduction of the $γγ\rightarrow π^0η$ data is achieved up to 1.2 GeV. Based on our parameter sets we predict the $γγ\rightarrow $ $K^0\bar{K}^0$, $K^+K^-$, $ηη$ cross sections.

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arXiv2012

Electromagnetic transitions in an effective chiral Lagrangian with the eta-prime and light vector mesons

We consider the chiral Lagrangian with a nonet of Goldstone bosons and a nonet of light vector mesons. The mixing between the pseudoscalar mesons eta and eta-prime is taken into account. A novel counting scheme is suggested that is based on hadrogenesis, which conjectures a mass gap in the meson spectrum of QCD in the limit of a large number of colors. Such a mass gap would justify to consider the vector mesons and the eta-prime meson as light degrees of freedom. The complete leading order Lagrangian is constructed and discussed. As a first application it is tested against electromagnetic transitions of light vector mesons to pseudoscalar mesons. Our parameters are determined by the experimental data on photon decays of the omega, phi and eta-prime meson. In terms of such parameters we predict the corresponding decays into virtual photons with either dielectrons or dimuons in the final state.

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arXiv2011

Exclusive Measurement of the eta --> pi+ pi- gamma Decay

An exclusive measurement of the decay eta --> pi+ pi- gamma has been performed at the WASA facility at COSY. The eta mesons were produced in the fusion reaction pd --> 3He X at a proton beam momentum of 1.7 GeV/c. Efficiency corrected differential distributions have been extracted based on 13340\pm140 events after background subtraction. The measured pion angular distribution is consistent with a relative p-wave of the two-pion system, whereas the measured photon energy spectrum was found at variance with the simplest gauge invariant matrix element of eta --> pi+ pi- gamma. A parameterization of the data can be achieved by the additional inclusion of the empirical pion vector form factor multiplied by a first-order polynomial in the squared invariant mass of the pi+ pi- system.

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arXiv2008

Chiral Partners and their Electromagnetic Radiation -- Ingredients for a systematic in-medium calculation

It is argued that the chiral partners of the lowest-lying hadrons are hadronic molecules and not three-quark or quark-antiquark states, respectively. As an example the case of a_1 as the chiral partner of the rho is discussed. Deconfinement -- or as a precursor large in-medium widths for hadronic states -- is proposed as a natural way to accommodate for the fact that at chiral restoration the respective in-medium spectra of chiral partners must become degenerate. Ingredients for a systematic and self-consistent in-medium calculation are presented with special emphasis on vector-meson dominance which emerges from a recently proposed systematic counting scheme for the mesonic sector including pseudoscalar and vector mesons as active degrees of freedom.

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arXiv2008

Hadronic three-body decays of light vector mesons

The decays of light vector mesons into three pseudoscalar mesons are calculated to leading order in the recently proposed counting scheme that is based on the hadrogenesis conjecture. Fully differential as well as integrated decay widths are presented. Since the required parameters have been fixed by other processes, the considered three-body decays are predictions of the presented approach. The decay width of the omega meson into three pions agrees very well with experiment. The partial decay widths of the K^* into its three K-pi-pi channels are predicted.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2008

On the radiative decays of light vector and axial-vector mesons

We study the light vector and axial-vector mesons. According to the hadrogenesis conjecture the nature of the two types of states is distinct. The axial-vector mesons are generated dynamically by coupled-channel interactions based on the chiral Lagrangian written down in terms of the Goldstone bosons and the light vector mesons. We propose a novel counting scheme that arises if the chiral Lagrangian is supplemented by constraints from large-N_c QCD in the context of the hadrogenesis conjecture. The counting scheme is successfully tested by a systematic study of the properties of vector mesons. The spectrum of light axial-vector mesons is derived relying on the leading order interaction of the Goldstone bosons with the vector mesons supplemented by a phenomenology for correction terms. The f_1(1282), b_1(1230), h_1(1386), a_1(1230) and K_1(1272) mesons are recovered as molecular states. Based on those results the one-loop contributions to the electromagnetic decay amplitudes of axial-vector molecules into pseudo-scalar or vector mesons are evaluated systematically. In order to arrive at gauge invariant results in a transparent manner we choose to represent the vector particles by anti-symmetric tensor fields. It is emphasized that there are no tree-level contributions to a radiative decay amplitude of a given state if that state is generated by coupled-channel dynamics. The inclusion of the latter would be double counting. At present we restrict ourselves to loops where a vector and a pseudo-scalar meson couple to the axial-vector molecule. We argue that final and predictive results require further computations involving intermediate states with two vector mesons. The relevance of the latter is predicted by our counting rules.

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arXiv2006

Next-to-leading order vs. quark off-shellness and intrinsic k_T in the Drell-Yan process

We calculate the effects of next-to-leading order perturbative QCD as well as of the quark transverse motion and off-shellness on the Drell-Yan process cross section. By studying the s->infinity behaviour of the cross section in these approaches, we find that the effects of quark off-shellness and intrinsic-k_T parametrize those of higher twists. In particular, the off-shellness of partons generates part of the K-factor type corrections to the leading order cross section. Higher twist contributions to the p_T-spectrum of the Drell-Yan pairs are found to be large for presently accessible energies. The evolution of quark off-shellness distribution with the hard scale is also studied.

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arXiv2006

The spectral function of the omega meson in nuclear matter from a coupled-channel resonance model

We calculate the spectral function of the omega meson in nuclear matter at zero temperature by means of the low-density theorem. The omega N forward scattering amplitude is calculated within a unitary coupled-channel effective Lagrangian model that has been applied successfully to the combined analysis of pion- and photon-induced reactions. While the peak of the omega spectral distribution is shifted only slightly, we find a considerable broadening of the omega meson due to resonance-hole excitations. For omega mesons at rest with respect to the surrounding nuclear medium, we find an additional width of about 60 MeV at saturation density.

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arXiv2006

Prediction for the transverse momentum distribution of Drell-Yan dileptons at GSI-PANDA

We predict the triple differential cross section of the Drell-Yan process (pbar p -> l^+l^-X) in the kinematical regimes relevant for the upcoming PANDA experiment, using a model that accounts for quark virtuality as well as primordial transverse momentum. We find a cross section magnitude of up to 10 nb in the low mass region. A measurement with 10% accuracy is desirable in order to constrain the partonic transverse momentum dispersion and the spectral function width within +-50 MeV and to study their evolution with M and sqrt(s).

hep-ph↗

arXiv2005

Modelling Drell-Yan pair production in pbar-p

We predict the triple differential cross section of the unpolarized Drell-Yan process at sqrt(S)=6 GeV. The model incorporates primordial parton transverse momentum and quark off-shellness effects caused by the initial state interaction.

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arXiv2005

Quark Initial State Interaction in Deep Inelastic Scattering and the Drell-Yan process

We pursue a phenomenological study of higher twist effects in high energy processes by taking into account the off-shellness (virtuality) of partons bound in the nucleon. The effect of parton off-shellness in deep inelastic ep->eX scattering and the Drell-Yan process (pp->l+ l- X) is examined. Assuming factorization and a single-parameter Breit-Wigner form for the parton spectral function, we develop a model to calculate the corresponding off-shell cross sections. Allowing for a finite parton width of the order of 100 MeV, we reproduce the data of both DIS and the triple differential Drell-Yan cross section without an additional K-factor. The results are compared to those from perturbative QCD and the intrinsic-kT approach.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2004

Effect of quark off-shellness in DIS and the Drell-Yan process

We study higher twist corrections to the perturbative QCD cross sections for ep deep inelastic scattering and the Drell-Yan lepton pair production in pp collision. The corrections arise due to the initial state interaction of the active quarks with the spectator partons. The effect of this interaction is calculated by dressing the incoming quark lines with phenomenological single parameter Breit-Wigner spectral functions and taking into account the full off-shell kinematics. The quark width in the proton is estimated by analyzing the data on Drell-Yan triple differential cross section from the experiment E866 at Fermilab.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2004

Hadronic Spectral Functions in Nuclear Matter

We study the in-medium properties of mesons $(π,η,ρ)$ and baryon resonances in cold nuclear matter within a coupled-channel analysis. The meson self energies are generated by particle-hole excitations. Thus multi-peak spectra are obtained for the mesonic spectral functions. In turn this leads to medium-modifications of the baryon resonances. Special care is taken to respect the analyticity of the spectral functions and to take into account effects from short-range correlations both for positive and negative parity states. Our model produces sensible results for pion and $Δ$ dynamics in nuclear matter. We find a strong interplay of the $ρ$ meson and the $D_{13}(1520)$, which moves spectral strength of the $ρ$ spectrum to smaller invariant masses and leads to a broadening of the baryon resonance. The optical potential for the $η$ meson resulting from our model is rather attractive whereas the in-medium properties modifications of the $S_{11}(1535)$ are found to be quite small.

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